2025屆高三英語語法基礎(chǔ)知識定語從句的理解和運用課件

定語從句的基本理解和運用(一)一.基本概念1.何謂“定語”？Heisahandsomeboy.Thereisagirlinwhite.Thereisabeautifulgirlwhoissinging.定語是句子成分之一，可以由單詞、短語或句子擔當，對名（代）詞修飾和限定,中文翻譯成……的.2.何謂“定語從句”?---定語從句的形成過程(1)ForboyfriendI'mlookingforaman.Heishandsome,rich,andwell-educated.(2)Iknowthegirl.Thegirliscrying.(3).合并成句ForboyfriendI'mlookingforamanwhoistall,rich,andwell-educated.Iknowthegirlwhoiscrying.總結(jié)定語從句基本概念:在復(fù)合句中,修飾名詞或者代詞的句子叫做定語從句,被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞,引導定語從句的詞叫做關(guān)系/引導詞.Q:那關(guān)系詞有哪些呢?Exercise:把下列句子合并成定語從句.1.Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.2.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Hewillgiveusatalktomorrow.

Answer:Theboywhowashereaminuteagoismyyoungerbrother.Theoldmanwhowillgiveusatalktomorrowisaprofessor.二.關(guān)系詞的理解和分類(一)關(guān)系代詞1.TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.2.Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.3.Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.4.Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.5.Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.6.Whereisthebookthat/whichIputherethismorning?7.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisa

doctor.8.Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.注意:什么情況下只能用that?6種只用that引導定語從句的情況。①先行詞是all，everything，anything，nothing，something，little，much，none，few，theone等不定代詞時。②先行詞被all，any，few，every，no，little，much，some等修飾時。③先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾或先行詞本身是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級時。④先行詞被theonly，thevery(正是，恰是),thelast修飾時。⑤先行詞既有人又有物時。⑥當主句是以which開頭的特殊疑問句時。二.關(guān)系副詞(一).合并下列句子1.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.2.Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportthere(init)theotherday.如果關(guān)系從句中是以副詞和先行詞重復(fù)，就會改寫為關(guān)系副詞。Answer:1.BeijingHotelwheretheforeignvisitorslivethereisnearTianAnMenSquare.2.Thisisthehallwherewelistenedtothereporttheotherday.(二)關(guān)系副詞1.ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.2.ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.3.IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.4.Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.5.Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.6.Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.定語從句類別:1.限定性定語從句2.非限定性定語從句本質(zhì)區(qū)別:1.Ionlymake

friendswho/thatarebeautiful.2.Ihaveafriend,whoisbeautiful.課堂練習:用關(guān)系代詞和副詞填空(that

/which/who/whom/whose/

where/

when/why.)1.Thestudent

answeredthequestionisZhang

Hua.2.Theman

youwenttoseehas

come.3.Nobodyknowsthe

reason

shedidn’tcometothe

meeting.4.Hestillremembers

the

days

hespentwithyourfamily.5.Theperson

youshouldwritetoisMr.

Ball.6.Theman

waspassingbysawwhat

happened.7.Theylivedinthe

same

village

wasalongwayfromtherailway

station.8.Adictionaryis

abook

givesthemeaningtothe

word.9.Hegotto

the

village

hisfamilyoncelivedbefore

liberation.10.Is

thereanyone

familyisin

Beijing?11.Showme

theboy

motherisawell-known

singer.Answer:1.Who2.Whom3.Why4.Which5.Whom6.Who7.Which8.Which9.Whose10.Whose11.whose總結(jié):1.作主/賓/定語的關(guān)系代詞:who,which,that,whose2.作狀語的關(guān)系副詞:when,where,why.如何區(qū)別句子要用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞呢?高考鏈接:基礎(chǔ)訓練1.Iwillneverforgetsuchabeautifulvillage____Ispentmychildhoodwithmygrandparents.2.Therearemanygoodwebsites_____youcancheckoutthelatestinthescienceworld.3.Thereason_____Tomlooksangryisthathehasquarreledwithhissister.4.YesterdayIcameacrosstheman______youtalkedaboutlasttime.Answer:1.where2.where3.why4.whom高考真題拔高訓練:5.InancientChinalivedanartist_______paintingswerealmostlifelike.6.The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum________openedin1759.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ)7.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters_________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.(2019·全國Ⅲ)8.Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethose_______aretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife，takingfulladvantageofthecollege’schancesandresources(資源)．(2019·北京)Answer:5.whose6.which7.who8.who語篇填空:Therewasatime___1___IwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedtospeakEnglish.Andthiswasthereason____2___myfatherforcedmetojoinina30-daytraininginanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool.WhenIfirstcametotheclub__3___Imetmanystrangers，Imissedmyparentsverymuch.SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome.Fortunately,myguide___4___teacherwasYuMing

,communicatedwithmefacetoface.GraduallyIadaptedtothelifethere.Everyd