遼寧省遼寧省七校協(xié)作體2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期6月月考英語試題（解析版）

2023-2024學(xué)年度（下）七校協(xié)作體高二聯(lián)考英語試題考試時間：120分鐘滿分：150分第I卷（三部分，共95分）第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inahotel. B.Inafactory. C.Inahospital.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Excuseme,madam.Visitorsarenotallowedhere.Thisistheoperatingroom.W:I’msorry.Imusthavegotofftheliftonthewrongfloor.M:Youcangotothethirdfloorifyouwanttoseethepatients.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whenwillthespeakersarriveattheairportprobably?A.At3:30. B.At4:30. C.At5:30.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:It’salready2:30.Shouldwesetofffortheairportnow?W:Theplanewon’ttakeofftill5:30.Theairportisonlyaone-hourdrivefromhere,solet’ssetoffat3:30.3.此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatsuggestiondoesthewomangivetotheman?A.Buyinganewwashingmachine.B.GettingallthepartsfromJapan.C.Avoidingworkingatnight.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Mywashingmachineismorethan10yearsoldandithasworkedjustfineuntillastnight.W:You’llneverbeabletogetpartsforit,evenfromJapan.Soitmightbetimetoinvestinamorerecentmodel.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.HowtogettoNewYork.B.Howtoenterforacourse.C.Howtogetadrivinglicence.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:IneedtogetmydrivinglicensebeforenextsummerforthattriptoNewYork.W:There’sacrashcoursemydrivingschooloffers.Youcandoyourtheorytestonthecomputer,haveaclasseverydayfortwoorthreeweeksandtakeyourtestattheend.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatkeptthewomanawakelastnight?A.Theheat. B.Therepairwork. C.Thestorm.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:I’msotiredtoday.Mypowerwentoutlastnightduringthestorm,andIcouldn’tfigureouthowtofixit.M:Thatseemslikeanannoyingtask.Didyoustayuptryingtofindoutwhattheproblemwas?W:No.Itwasjusttoohottosleepafterthat.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間，每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】6.Whydoesthewomantalktotheman?A.Tomakeaninvitation.B.Tocanceltheirplan.C.Toaskforinformation.7.Whatdoesthemandecidetodothisevening?A.Seeabandshow.B.Buyticketsonline.C.Accompanyhisparets.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】W:Hi,Mike.Doyouhaveanyplansfortheweekend?IhaveanextraticketfortheDawsonTrio’sliveperformanceatCapitalStadium.Wouldyouliketojoinme?M:Idon’tknowifIcan.Myparentsarecomingtotownthisweekend,soIneedtospendtimewiththem.W:Well,iftheylikejazz,theymightenjoytheshowaswell.Whydon’tyougototheband’swebsiteandseeiftherearemoreticketsavailable?Theirshowsoftensellout,butyoumightbelucky.M:Allright,I’lldothatthisevening.Thanksfortheinformation.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】8.Howisthehouseusuallyheated?A.Bywood. B.Byelectricity. C.Bycoal.9.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Makeaphonecall. B.Buyaheater. C.Cooksupper.【答案】8.C9.C【解析】【原文】W:Whyisitsocoldinthishouse,Dad?M:Weweresupposedtogetsomecoalforthefire,butithasn’tarrivedyet.W:Well,weneedit.Can’tweburnsomewood?M:No,wedidn’thaveany.YoucouldusethelittleelectricheaterIboughtlastweek.I’llphonethecoaldealernowandaskwhatishappening.W:OK.IthinkI’llstarttomakedinnernow.Wemightfeelwarmerifweeatsomefood.M:Yes,Ithinkthatisagoodidea.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】10.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Neighbours. B.Colleagues. C.Husbandandwife.11.Whatdidthemandothisafternoon?A.Hedidhiswork.B.Hefixedhiscomputer.C.Hetooksomeexercise.12.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A.Gooutsomewhere.B.Stopplayingamusicalinstrument.C.Helpherwiththepaper.13.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthewoman'srequest?A.Astonished B.Embarrassed. C.Angry.【答案】10.A11.C12.B13.A【解析】【原文】W:Haveyoufinishedwork?M:Actually,Ihavefinishedatlunchtimetodaybecausethey’rereplacingourcomputers.SoIwasatthegymthisafternoon.W:Areyougoingouttonight?M:No,Idon’tthinkso.Why?Areyouinvitingmesomewhere?W:Oh,no.Ihavelotsofworktodo.I’veactuallyspentalldaytryingtowriteahistorypaper.Ihavetohanditintomorrow.M:Well,sorry,Ican’thelpyouwiththat.IneverenjoyedstudyinghistoryatschoolandIwasn’tverygoodatiteither.W:Idon’tneedanyhelpwiththeessay.Butyoucanhelpmebynotplayingyourpiano.I’msorry.Ijustcan’tstanditanymore.I’velivedheresinceJuneandyou’veplayedthepianoeverynight.M:ButIthoughtyoulikedit.I’velivedherefortwoyears.Nobody’severcomplainedbeforesoI’mreallysurprised.Youshouldhavetoldmeearlier.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】14.What’stheconversationmainlyabout?A.Fightingfire. B.Detectingfire. C.Preventingfire.15.Whatcanweknowfromtheconversation?A.Australialost4%ofitstrees.B.ThesystemisusedinAmerica.C.Thesystemwilluseheatcameras.16.Whatsizeoffirecanthenewsystemdiscover?A.Thesizeofafootballfield.B.Thesizeofaplane.C.Thesizeofacar.17.Whatisthewoman’sconcernbesidestrees?A.Protectinghumans.B.Purifyingtheair.C.Savinganimals.【答案】14.B15.C16.C17.C【解析】【原文】W:We’redevelopinganewtechnologythatcandetectforestfiresassoonastheystart.M:Thatsoundsamazing.Givenhowmanyfirestherehavebeenrecently,it’ssomethingtheworldextremelyneeds.W:Indeed.In2020alone,Californiahadover8,000fires,losingroughly4%ofthestate’strees.M:Thatistrulysurprising.W:Yes.TheotherplacewhereitwillbeusefulisAustralia.Atthestartoftheyear,therewere50separateforestfiresburningacrossthecountry.M:Sohowwillyournewdetectionsystemwork?W:We’regoingtouseanewrangeofsatelliteswhichhaveheatcameras.M:Don’tothersatelliteshavethose?W:Yes,butnoneissoadvanced.Theycandetectafirethesizeofafootballfield.Thenewsystemcansenseafirethesizeofacar.M:Andwillthatbeenoughofadifferencetostopthefirefromspreading?W:Webelieveso.Hopefullyitwillgivefirefightersenoughtimetostopitbeforeitgetstoobig.Iftheygettheplaneupintime,theywillputoutthefirequickly.M:Ifitworks,Ireallyhopeyougetrecognitionforit.W:Ijustwanttotryandstoptreesfromburning,andmoreimportantly,protectthepooranimalsthatliveinthem.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】18.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Teachingaclass.B.Reportingastudy.C.Chairingameeting.19.Whatisthemostimportantpartoftakingnotes?A.Reading. B.Listening. C.Writing.20Whatisoneoftheadvantagesofusingsymbols?A.Itkeepsinformationsecret.B.Itleavesspaceforfutureuse.C.Itmakeskeywordsnoticeable.【答案】18.A19.B20.C【解析】【原文】W:Today,let’sbeginwithnote-takingtechniques.Note-takingisanimportantskillnotonlyfortakingclasses,butalsofordoingyourjobinthefuture.I’dliketodrawyourattentiontocertainpointsabouttakingnotes.First,rememberthatnote-takingshouldbe75%listeningandonly25%writing.Sodon’ttrytowritedowneverysinglewordtheteachersays.Ignorewhatisunimportantandwriteinphrasesnotcompletesentences.Second,leavespacesandlinesbetweenmainideas.Youmaywanttoaddsomeinformationlater.Ifindthatsomeofyouaregoodatmakinguseofcolor,mappingwebandsymbolssuchasarrows,circlesandboxes.Ihighlyrecommendthesetoolstoallofyou,becausetheuseofthemmakestheoutlinemoreeasilyreadableandinterestingthantheblocksoftext.Italsomakessurethatimportantwordsstandout.Herearesomeexamples...第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AMakelifeaseasyaspossiblewithdevicesandgeardesignedtosimplifyyourtravels—whetherthatmeanschargingonthego,neatorganizersorlightweightstorageforno-troublequicktrips.LARQBottleFilter(過濾器)Thisinnovativedrinkingbottlewithalow-pressuresuckerisdesignedtofilterwateronthego,wipingoutpollutantssuchaschlorine(氯)forarefreshingtaste.Thefilterwillworkonupto151litresofwaterbeforeneedingtobereplaced—theequivalent(等同)ofaround300single-useplasticbottles.Availablein500ml(￡58)and740ml(￡68)sizes.Stubble&CoAdventureBagThis42-litrebackpackhasaneasy-accessclamshell(翻蓋)designthatopenstorevealzippedpartsofvarioussizes,includingawaterproofpocketforshoes.Italsofeaturesalaptopsleeve,waterbottlepocketandhiddenpartsforvaluables.Availableinblack,olive,blueandorange.￡195.ShokzOpenFitShokz’slightweightearphonessitontopoftheearcanal,meaningthey’recomfortableenoughtowearforlongperiods.The28-hourbatterylifeensuresyouwon’tneedtochargethemonanovernighttrip,thoughit’seasyenoughtodosobyplugginginthesmall,accompanyingcase.TheShokzAppallowsyoutocustomizethecontrols,too.￡179.JulyCarryOnProForthosewhoprefernottocarryluggageontheirbacks,thissmartrolleristheperfectovernighter.Ithastwoseparateinternalparts,awaterproofpolycarbonate(聚碳酸酯)hardshellandazippedfrontpartinwhichtostorealaptop.Theintegrated,removablepowerbankallowstravelerstochargedevicesonthego.￡275.21.WhatisspecialaboutLARQBottleFilter?A.Itisofvarioussizes. B.Itmakesforhealth.C.Itisusedtostorewater. D.Itreplaces300plasticbottles.22.Whichissuitableforlisteningtomusic?A.ShokzOpenFit. B.JulyCarryOnPro.C.LARQBottleFilter. D.Stubble&CoAdventureBag.23.Whatisthetext?A.Atraveldiary. B.Alifedescription.C.Ascienceinstruction. D.Asalesadvertisement.【答案】21.B22.A23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了適合簡化旅行的四種輕便設(shè)備的用途、特點、款型和價格等。【21題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Thisinnovativedrinkingbottlewithalow-pressuresuckerisdesignedtofilterwateronthego,wipingoutpollutantssuchaschlorine(氯)forarefreshingtaste.(這款帶有低壓吸管的創(chuàng)新飲水瓶可以在旅途中過濾水，去除氯等污染物，使水的口感清爽)”可知，LARQBottleFilter可以在旅途中過濾水，使水的口感清爽，即它有利于健康。故選B項?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“Shokz’slightweightearphonessitontopoftheearcanal,meaningthey’recomfortableenoughtowearforlongperiods.(Shokz的輕便耳機可以放在耳道上方，這意味著它們足夠舒適，可以長時間佩戴)”可知，Shokz輕巧的耳機可以放在耳道上方，長時間佩戴它們足夠舒適，即它可用于聽音樂。故選A項。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，再根據(jù)各個部分的小標(biāo)題以及段尾的價格可推知，本文是一則廣告。故選D項。BAttheendof2019,IlearnedthatHereAfterAI,whosegoalistoletthelivingcommunicatewiththedead,waslookingforapplicantsofitsnewAIproject.Interestedinwhatitwaspromising,Iappliedtoexperimentthesoftwareonmyvery-much-aliveparents.Atfirst,Ithoughtitwouldbejustafunprojecttoseewhatwastechnologicallypossible.Thentheirhealthconditionaddedsomeurgencytotheexperiment.IwasfrightenedthatmyparentsmightdiesincemyfatherhadbeendiagnosedwithcancerandmymotherwasrecentlydevelopingsymptomsofearlyAlzheimer’sdisease,andthatwiththedistancebetweenus,Imightneverhavethechancetosaygoodbye.Thefirststepwasaninterview.Myparentswereaskedquestionsbyatechicianforhours-abouteverythingfromtheirearliestmemoriestowhattheybelievewillhappenaftertheydie.Whetherthroughillness-generatedconcernsorawillingnesstohumortheirdaughter,myparentsputupzeroresistance.Thecompanythentooktheirresponsesandstartedtocreatethevoiceassistants.Afewmonthslater,myvirtualparentsarrivedviaemailattachment.WhenIcommunicatedwiththemthroughtheapponmyphone,myhandswereshaking.Ihadn’tseenmyactual,realparentsforsixmonths.TheytoldmepersonalstoriesI’dneverheard.Theygavemelifeadviceandtoldmethingsabouttheirchildhoods,aswellasmyown.Itwasmesmerizing.Personally,Ihavemixedfeelingsaboutmyexperiment.I’mgladtohavemyvirtualparents.They’veenabledmetolearnnewthingsaboutmyparents,andit’scomfortingtothinkthatthosesoftwareswillbethereevenwhenmyparentsaren’t.Ontheotherhand,Ican’thelpbutfinditsadthatittookastrangerinterviewingmyparentsformetoproperlyappreciatethecomplexpeopletheyare.ButIfeelluckytohavehadthechancetograspthat-andtostillhavethepreciousopportunitytospendmoretimewiththemandlearnmoreaboutthem,facetoface,notechnologyinvolved.24.WhydidtheauthorinitiallyjointheAIproject?A.Totestoutthenewtechnology.B.Topreserveherparents’voice.C.Tolearnmoreaboutherparents’life.D.Toremovetheworryaboutherparents’health.25.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’sparents?A.Theylikedtalkingalot.B.Theydiedfromtheillnesses.C.Theyopposedjoiningtheprojectatfirst.D.Theyprovideddatafortheproject.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mesmerizing"meaninparagraph4?A.Alarming. B.Fascinating. C.Inspiring. D.Disgusting.27.Whatdoestheauthorrealizeatlast?A.AImeansneversayinggoodbyetoourparents.B.TheadvancesinAItechnologyhaveprosandcons.C.Therealconnectionwithourparentsmattersmost.D.AIallowsustolearnmoreaboutourvirtualparents.【答案】24.A25.D26.B27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者參與HereAfterAI項目，通過AI技術(shù)與虛擬的父母進行交流的經(jīng)歷和感受?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Atfirst,Ithoughtitwouldbejustafunprojecttoseewhatwastechnologicallypossible.”（起初，我認(rèn)為這只是一個有趣的項目，看看技術(shù)上的可能性。）可知，作者加入這個項目的主要目的是測試新技術(shù)可能是什么樣子。故選A?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Myparentswereaskedquestionsbyatechnicianforhours—abouteverythingfromtheirearliestmemoriestowhattheybelievewillhappenaftertheydie.Whetherthroughillness-generatedconcernsorawillingnesstohumortheirdaughter,myparentsputupzeroresistance.Thecompanythentooktheirresponsesandstartedtocreatethevoiceassistants.”（一位技術(shù)人員問了我父母幾個問題——從他們最早的記憶到他們認(rèn)為死后會發(fā)生什么。無論是出于對疾病的擔(dān)憂，還是出于對女兒的遷就，我的父母都沒有任何抵觸。然后，該公司收集了他們的反饋，開始開發(fā)語音助手。）可知，作者的父母為項目提供了數(shù)據(jù)。故選D?！?6題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“Ihadn’tseenmyactual,realparentsforsixmonths.TheytoldmepersonalstoriesI’dneverheard.Theygavemelifeadviceandtoldmethingsabouttheirchildhoods,aswellasmyown.”（我已經(jīng)有六個月沒見過我真正的父母了。他們向我講述了我從未聽過的個人故事。他們給我一些人生建議，告訴我他們和我的童年。）可知，作者的父母向他講述了以前自己從沒聽過的個人故事，這真是令人著迷。故劃線詞與B選項“Fascinating.(令人著迷的)”為同義詞。故選B?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Personally,Ihavemixedfeelingsaboutmyexperiment.I’mgladtohavemyvirtualparents.They’veenabledmetolearnnewthingsaboutmyparents,andit’scomfortingtothinkthatthosesoftwareswillbethereevenwhenmyparentsaren’t.Ontheotherhand,Ican’thelpbutfinditsadthatittookastrangerinterviewingmyparentsformetoproperlyappreciatethecomplexpeopletheyare.ButIfeelluckytohavehadthechancetograspthat-andtostillhavethepreciousopportunitytospendmoretimewiththemandlearnmoreaboutthem,facetoface,notechnologyinvolved.”（就我個人而言，我對我的實驗有一種復(fù)雜的感覺。我很高興有我的虛擬父母。它們讓我對我的父母有了新的了解，想到即使我的父母不在，這些機器人也會在那里，這讓我感到欣慰。另一方面，我不禁感到難過的是，直到一個陌生人采訪了我的父母，我才真正了解到他們是一個復(fù)雜的人。但我感到很幸運，有機會抓住這一點，仍然有寶貴的機會花更多的時間和他們在一起，更多地了解他們，面對面，不涉及技術(shù)。）可知，作者感到很幸運，有機會能夠抓住寶貴的機會花更多的時間和他們在一起，更多地了解他們，即意識到了與父母的真正聯(lián)系是最重要的。故選C。CPeruispreparedtoapprovenewlawsthatwouldmakeiteasiertoinvestigateandpunishresearcherswhoengageinacademiccheating,includingpayingtohavetheirnamesaddedtoapaper.ThemovecomesasPeru’snationalscienceagencyseekstocrackdownonauthorshipbuyingandotherdishonestpractices.Itrecentlyremovedtwoscientistsaccusedofdishonestpublicationsfromanationalregistrythatiskeytoreceivinggovernmentsponsor,jobpromotions,andsalarybonuses.Andofficialsareinvestigatingmorethan170otherresearchersataPeruvianmediareportclaimedwereinvolvedinacademicmisconduct,including72listedinthenationalregistrywhoworkat14universitiesinPeru.Thenewlawswillempoweruniversitiesandgovernmentofficialstopunishsuchbehavior.Dishonestpublishingpractices“transcendmeremoralmisbehavior”becausetheyenableresearcherstoobtaingovernmentandprivatefundingwithouttellingthetruth,saysEdwardMálagaTrillo,amemberofCongresswhoisthedrivingforce,behindthebills,whichlawmakersareexpectedtofinalizeearlythisyear.“Theseindividualsareoperatingacademiccheating.”Peru’sacademiccommunityhasbeenstrugglingwitharisingtideoffalseauthorshipandrelatedproblems.Onecause,someresearcherssay,isa2014lawthataimedtostimulateresearchbyrewardingresearcherswhoboosttheirpublishingoutput.Forexample,underascoringsystemusedbyuniversities,researcherscanearnfivepointsforauthorshipinahigh-impactjournal,andtwopointswhenthejournalislowerimpact.Amassingpointscanbringbonuspaymentsandcareerpromotion.Signsofdishonestpublishingcanbeobvious,notesNahuelonteblanco,presidentofCientificospe,aPeruviangroupthatinvestigatesmisconduct.ManyofthepaperscitedbyPuntoFinalhavenumerousco-authorsfromdifferentnationswithfewpriorpublicationsonthesamesubject.“Ifyourcolleagueconsistentlypublishes20articlesayearwithco-authorsfromothercountries,that’shighlysuspect.”Monteblancosays.28.WhatactiondidPerutakerecentlytoaddressacademiccheating?A.Disqualifying2scientistsfromanationalregistry.B.Fining72offendersforacademicdishonesty.C.Punishing170researchersforacademicmisconduct.D.Withdrawinggovernmentfundfrom14universities.29.What’sEdwardMálagaTrillo’sattitudetothenewlaw?A.Opposed. B.Concerned. C.Approving. D.Neutral.30Whatdoweknowaboutthe2014lawinPeru?A.Itadvocatedafairscoringsystem.B.Itappliedtohigh-impactjournals.C.Itaimedtopunishdishonestpublishing.D.Itledtoanincreaseinfalseauthorship.31.ThemostsuspicionmightbegiventoaproductiveresearcherwithA.Careerpromotion.B.Consistentresearchfocus.C.Co-authorsfromvariouscountries.D.FewcitationsbyPuntoFinal.【答案】28.A29.C30.D31.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹的是秘魯?shù)囊粭l法律——打擊學(xué)術(shù)作弊?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Itrecentlyremovedtwoscientistsaccusedofdishonestpublicationsfromanationalregistrythatiskeytoreceivinggovernmentsponsor,jobpromotions,andsalarybonuses.(它最近將兩名被指控發(fā)表不誠實文章的科學(xué)家從國家登記處除名，而國家登記處是獲得政府資助、工作晉升和工資獎金的關(guān)鍵。)”可知，秘魯?shù)膰壹壙茖W(xué)機構(gòu)最近采取了行動，將兩名被指控有不誠實出版物的科學(xué)家從關(guān)鍵的國家級注冊表中移除。故選A?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“

Dishonestpublishingpractices“transcendmeremoralmisbehavior”becausetheyenableresearcherstoobtaingovernmentandprivatefundingwithouttellingthetruth,saysEdwardMálagaTrillo,amemberofCongresswhoisthedrivingforce,behindthebills,whichlawmakersareexpectedtofinalizeearlythisyear.

(國會議員EdwardMálagaTrillo說，不誠實的出版行為“超越了單純的道德不端行為”，因為它們使研究人員能夠在不講真話的情況下獲得政府和私人的資助，他是這些法案背后的推動者，立法者預(yù)計將在今年年初完成這些法案。)”可知，EdwardMálagaTrillo對新法律持支持態(tài)度。故選C?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中““Theseindividualsareoperatingacademiccheating.”Peru’sacademiccommunityhasbeenstrugglingwitharisingtideoffalseauthorshipandrelatedproblems.

Onecause,someresearcherssay,isa2014lawthataimedtostimulateresearchbyrewardingresearcherswhoboosttheirpublishingoutput.

(“這些人在搞學(xué)術(shù)作弊?！泵佤攲W(xué)術(shù)界一直在與不斷上升的虛假作者身份和相關(guān)問題作斗爭。一些研究人員表示，其中一個原因是2014年的一項法律，該法律旨在通過獎勵提高論文發(fā)表量的研究人員來刺激研究。)”以及本段中“

Forexample,underascoringsystemusedbyuniversities,researcherscanearnfivepointsforauthorshipinahigh-impactjournal,andtwopointswhenthejournalislowerimpact.Amassingpointscanbringbonuspaymentsandcareerpromotion.(例如，在大學(xué)使用的評分系統(tǒng)下，研究人員在高影響力期刊上的作者可以獲得5分，在期刊影響力較低的期刊上可以獲得2分。大量的積分可以帶來獎金和職業(yè)晉升。)”可知，該項法律導(dǎo)致了虛假作者的增加。故選D。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“ManyofthepaperscitedbyPuntoFinalhavenumerousco-authorsfromdifferentnationswithfewpriorpublicationsonthesamesubject.

(PuntoFinal引用的許多論文都有來自不同國家的許多共同作者，但在同一主題上幾乎沒有發(fā)表過論文。)”以及““Ifyourcolleagueconsistentlypublishes20articlesayearwithco-authorsfromothercountries,that’shighlysuspect.”Monteblancosays.(“如果你的同事每年與來自其他國家的合著者持續(xù)發(fā)表20篇文章，那就非常值得懷疑。”Monteblanco說。)”可知，根據(jù)NahuelMonteblanco的說法，如果一個研究人員每年都與來自不同國家的合作者發(fā)表20篇文章，并且這些合作者在相同主題上很少有先前的出版物，這是非?？梢傻?。這表明，一個高產(chǎn)的研究人員如果有來自不同國家的合作者，可能會引起最多的懷疑。故選C。DIntheU.S.,peopleeatmoreproteinthantheyneedto,whichmightnotbebadforhumanhealth,butdoesposeaproblemforthecountry’swaterways.Thenation’swastewaterisloadedwiththeleftoversfromproteindigestion:nitrogencompounds(氮化合物)thatcanfeedharmfulalgalblooms(藻華)andpollutetheairanddrinkingwater.MayaAlmaraz,abiogeochemistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis,andherteamwantedtoseehowmuchofthisnitrogenenteredintotheU.S.wastewatersystembecauseofaprotein-heavydiet.Theresearchersfoundthatthemajorityofnitrogenpollutionpresentinwastewater—some67to100percent—isaby-productofwhatpeopleconsume.Onceitenterstheenvironment,thenitrogencanhaveaseriesofecologicalimpacts.Ithelpsalgaegrowmuchfasterthantheywouldnormally,whichisharmfultohumans,otheranimalsandplants.Andwhenthealgaeeventuallydie,theproblemisnotover.Microorganisms(微生物)thatfeedondeadalgaeuseupoxygeninthewater,leadingto“deadzones”,wheremanyspeciessimplycannotsurvive,inrivers,lakesandoceans.Althoughitispossibletotreatalgalblooms,manyofthecurrentmethodsarenotalwayseffectiveatgettingridofalloftheharmfulgrowth.Someofthesemethodscanevenleadtoadditionalpollution.Sothebeststrategyfordealingwiththeeffectsofnitrogenpollutionisprevention,saysPatriciaGlibert,anoceanscientistattheUniversityofMaryland.Almarazandherteamstatethatcontrollingnitrogenpollutioncouldbeapproachedmorequicklywithachangeineatinghabitsthatcouldsavebillionsofdollarsinthelongterm.32.WhichaspectofAmericans’dietdoesAlmaraz’sresearchfocuson?A.Itsnitrogencompounds. B.Itsalgalblooms.C.Itsamount. D.Itseffect.33.Whatcauses“deadzones”inthewater?A.Nooxygenformanyspecies.B.Deathoflotsofhealthyalgae.C.Microorganisms’over-consumptionofnutrients.D.Poisonouschemicalsreleasedbyharmfulalgae.34.Whatcanwelearnaboutthecurrenttreatmentsforalgalblooms?A.Theyarecostlybutinefficiently. B.Theymaycausesecondarypollution.C.Theymaykillallalgae. D.Theyareslowtotakeeffect.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.WhytheAlgaeGrowSoRapidly?B.WhyEatingTooMuchProteinHarmsthePlanet?C.HowtoPreventtheAirandWaterPollution?D.HowtoSolvetheProblemofWastewater?【答案】32.D33.A34.B35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了美國人吃過多蛋白質(zhì)會導(dǎo)致氮污染，并且這種污染會促進有害藻類的生長，最終對環(huán)境造成負(fù)面影響。作者呼吁改變生活習(xí)慣來控制氮污染，從而在長期上節(jié)省資金?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thenation’swastewaterisloadedwiththeleftoversfromproteindigestion:nitrogencompounds(氮化合物)thatcanfeedharmfulalgalblooms(藻華)andpollutetheairanddrinkingwater.(這個國家的廢水中充滿了蛋白質(zhì)消化的殘余物：氮化合物會滋生有害的藻類，污染空氣和飲用水)”以及第二段中“MayaAlmaraz,abiogeochemistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis,andherteamwantedtoseehowmuchofthisnitrogenenteredintotheU.S.wastewatersystembecauseofaprotein-heavydiet.(加州大學(xué)戴維斯分校的生物地球化學(xué)家瑪雅·阿爾馬拉茲和她的團隊想知道，由于蛋白質(zhì)含量高的飲食，有多少氮進入了美國的廢水系統(tǒng))”可知，加州大學(xué)戴維斯分校的生物地球化學(xué)家瑪雅·阿爾瑪拉茲和她的團隊研究關(guān)注的是美國人飲食由于蛋白質(zhì)含量高，美國的水道中含有蛋白質(zhì)消化的殘余物：氮化合物，該物質(zhì)對生物、空氣和飲用水等造成了影響，故阿爾瑪拉茲研究關(guān)注的是美國人飲食造成的影響。故選D?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Microorganisms(微生物)thatfeedondeadalgaeuseupoxygeninthewater,leadingto“deadzones”,wheremanyspeciessimplycannotsurvive,inrivers,lakesandoceans.(以死藻為食的微生物耗盡了水中的氧氣，導(dǎo)致河流、湖泊和海洋中的“死區(qū)”，許多物種根本無法在那里生存)”可知，以死藻為食的微生物耗盡了水中的氧氣，許多物種沒有了氧氣，導(dǎo)致了“死區(qū)”的出現(xiàn)。故選A。【34題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Althoughitispossibletotreatalgalblooms,manyofthecurrentmethodsarenotalwayseffectiveatgettingridofalloftheharmfulgrowth.

Someofthesemethodscanevenleadtoadditionalpollution.(雖然有可能處理藻華，但目前的許多方法并不總是有效地消除所有有害的生長。其中一些方法甚至?xí)?dǎo)致額外的污染)”可知，當(dāng)前對于藻華的一些處理方法容易造成額外污染即二次污染。故選B?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thenation’swastewaterisloadedwiththeleftoversfromproteindigestion:nitrogencompounds(氮化合物)thatcanfeedharmfulalgalblooms(藻華)andpollutetheairanddrinkingwater.(這個國家的廢水中充滿了蛋白質(zhì)消化的殘余物：氮化合物會滋生有害的藻類，污染空氣和飲用水)”以及文章介紹了美國人吃過多蛋白質(zhì)會導(dǎo)致氮污染，并且這種污染會促進有害藻類的生長，最終對環(huán)境造成負(fù)面影響。作者呼吁改變生活習(xí)慣來控制氮污染，從而在長期上節(jié)省資金。B選項“為什么攝入過多的蛋白質(zhì)會危害地球？”概括文章主要內(nèi)容，符合題意。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Howtogiveeffectivefeedback(反饋)Intheever-evolvinglandscapeofpersonalandprofessionalgrowth,feedbackservesasacompass(指南針)guidingourjourneytowardsimprovement.____36____Constructivefeedbackshouldfollowseveralprinciples.____37____It’snotunusualtotellsomeoneaboutsomethingthatupsetorpleasedyousixmonthslater.It’salsoeasyforpeopletostartfromthepointofviewof“everythingyoudoisrubbish”,especiallywhenthingsarenotgoingwell.Butdon’t.Thinkaboutexactandpreciseoccasionsandbehaviorthatarestillfreshinboththegiver’sandreceiver’sminds.Laystressonbehavior,notpersonality.Yourfeedbackshouldtargethowtheyact,whateffectsithasonyouorhowitmakesyoufeel.Rememberthatyouaremakingnocommentonwhattypeofpersontheyare,orwhattheybelieveorvalue.____38____Focusonimprovementratherthancriticism.Itisexpressedinamannerthatencouragesgrowthandavoidsbeingnegative.Totakeitastepfurther,italsoprovidessuggestionsforchange.____39____Itinvolvesputtingconstructivecriticismbetweenpositiveorencouragingcomments.Forexample,whendiscussingaprojectwithanemployee,startbypraisingtheirhardwork,thenaddtheareasforimprovement,andconcludewithencouragement.Offeringeffectivefeedbacktoothersisawin-winact.____40____Bothofyougetasliceofpersonaldevelopment.Todevelopbetterfeedbackskills,youneedtokeeppracticingandmakeitahabit.Anyway,practicemakesperfect!A.Betimelyandspecific.B.Adoptatolerantattitude.C.It’sjustlikesharingapizzawithafriend.D.Sogivingfeedbackislikemakingsandwiches.E.Butyoucangetbetteratitafterreadingtheprinciples.F.However,itcanbedifficulttogivefeedbackeffectively.G.Thisreducestheriskofmakingthereceiverfeelattacked.【答案】36.F37.A38.G39.D40.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了如何給出積極的反饋。36題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Intheever-evolvinglandscapeofpersonalandprofessionalgrowth,feedbackservesasacompass(指南針)guidingourjourneytowardsimprovement.”（在不斷發(fā)展的個人和職業(yè)成長的環(huán)境中，反饋是指引我們走向改進之旅的指南針。）根據(jù)下文“Constructivefeedbackshouldfollowseveralprinciples.”（建設(shè)性的反饋應(yīng)該遵循幾個原則）可知，有效地給予反饋是很困難的。故F選項“然而，有效地給予反饋是很困難的”切題。故選F項?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Butdon’t.Thinkaboute