高考英語閱讀細(xì)節(jié)理解題三步法帶練(17)講義

一、高考英語閱讀細(xì)節(jié)題三步法：第一步，初步讀題干，弄清楚關(guān)鍵詞所在位置和明確答題方向第二步，迅速定位和找出題干關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)的近義詞，反義詞或者解釋性信息，最好明確句間邏輯關(guān)系和段間邏輯關(guān)系（因果，遞進(jìn)，解釋，轉(zhuǎn)折，對比，比較等關(guān)系）第三步，利用正確選項特點，確定答案(明確近義詞替換原文信息，關(guān)注變換原文語態(tài)詞性或詞形，簡化或概括原文，正話反說)高考英語閱讀細(xì)節(jié)題三步法帶練Besideshealthysoil,allplantsalsoneedwater.Thismakesithardtogrowplantswhereit'sdry.ButresearchersinTexasmayhavefoundawaytokeepplantsindryareasfromdyingofthirst.Theyhavedevelopedasoiladditive.Whenmixedintotheground,itwilltakewaterfromtheairtosharewithplants.Theirinventionisasuper-moisture-absorbedgel(凝膠),orSMAG.Itabsorbswaterfromtheairduringthenight.Whenthesunwarmsitthenextday,thatgelreleasesthewateritholdsintotherootareaoftheplants.Thegel-basedmaterial“canbeusedasasoilenhancer(強化劑),aswellasareplacementforsoilingreenhousesforcropplanting,”saidMr.Brown.He'sanengineerattheUniversityofTexas-Austin.Heledtheteamthatdevelopedthegel.Dependingontheplantsbeinggrown,hesaid,thismaterialcouldbe“directlymixedwithsoilincertainamounts”.Theresearchdecidedtousethisprocesstoaidplants.Thegeltheymixwithsoilabsorbsmorningdew(露水)andholdsit.Thenextday,thegelwillslowlyreleasethatwaterintothesoil.Theengineerstestedthesoiladditivetogrowplantsontheroofofabuildingattheschool.Duringanexperiment,theycomparedplantsgrownonlyinsandysoilwithplantsgrowninsandysoilthathadbeenmixedwiththegel.Thegel-treatedsoillostabout60percentofthewaterthatithadstartedwithaboutamonthearlier.Bycomparison,theuntreatedsoillost80percentofitswaterinjustoneweek.Scientistsbelievefuturestudieswillhelpthemunderstandifthegelcouldbeusedforlarger,outdoorfields.Ifitcan,thewatercollectedbythegel-treatedsoilcouldallowcropstobegrownindrierclimates,whereirrigationisnotpractical.1.WhydidtheresearchersdevelopSMAG?A.Tomakesoilmuchsofter.B.Toprotectwaterresources.C.Tohelpsoilgetextrawater.D.Toincreaseagriculturaloutput.第一步，初步讀題干，弄清楚關(guān)鍵詞所在位置和明確答題方向1.WhydidtheresearchersdevelopSMAG?為什么研究人員要開發(fā)SMAG第二步，迅速定位和找出題干關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)的近義詞，反義詞或者解釋性信息，最好明確句間邏輯關(guān)系和段間邏輯關(guān)系（因果，遞進(jìn)，解釋，轉(zhuǎn)折，對比，比較等關(guān)系）Besideshealthysoil,allplantsalsoneedwater.Thismakesithardtogrowplantswhereit'sdry.ButresearchersinTexasmayhavefoundawaytokeepplantsindryareasfromdyingofthirst.Theyhavedevelopedasoiladditive.Whenmixedintotheground,itwilltakewaterfromtheairtosharewithplants.除了健康的土壤，所有的植物也需要水。這使得在干燥的地方很難種植植物。但德克薩斯州的研究人員可能已經(jīng)找到了一種方法，可以防止干旱地區(qū)的植物因口渴而死亡。他們開發(fā)了一種土壤添加劑。當(dāng)混合到地下時，它會從空氣中吸收水分，與植物分享。Theirinventionisasuper-moisture-absorbedgel(凝膠),orSMAG.Itabsorbswaterfromtheairduringthenight.Whenthesunwarmsitthenextday,thatgelreleasesthewateritholdsintotherootareaoftheplants.他們的發(fā)明是一種超吸濕凝膠(凝膠)，簡稱SMAG。它在夜間從空氣中吸收水分。當(dāng)?shù)诙焯柺顾兣瘯r，這種凝膠就會把它所含的水釋放到植物的根部。第三步，利用正確選項特點，確定答案(明確近義詞替換原文信息，關(guān)注變換原文語態(tài)詞性或詞形，簡化或概括原文，正話反說)1.WhydidtheresearchersdevelopSMAG?為什么研究人員要開發(fā)SMAGA.Tomakesoilmuchsofter.使土壤更柔軟。B.Toprotectwaterresources.怎樣保護(hù)水資源C.Tohelpsoilgetextrawater.幫助土壤獲得額外的水分。（原文直接對應(yīng)）D.Toincreaseagriculturaloutput.增加農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量。2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheuseofSMAG?A.Itcanonlybesuitableforgreenhousecrops.B.Itshouldbeusedinthemorning.C.Itneedstobeusedafterrain.D.Itcanbemixedwithsoil.第一步，初步讀題干，弄清楚關(guān)鍵詞所在位置和明確答題方向2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheuseofSMAG?關(guān)于SMAG的使用，我們能了解到什么第二步，迅速定位和找出題干關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)的近義詞，反義詞或者解釋性信息，最好明確句間邏輯關(guān)系和段間邏輯關(guān)系（因果，遞進(jìn)，解釋，轉(zhuǎn)折，對比，比較等關(guān)系）Thegel-basedmaterial“canbeusedasasoilenhancer(強化劑),aswellasareplacementforsoilingreenhousesforcropplanting,”saidMr.Brown.He'sanengineerattheUniversityofTexas-Austin.Heledtheteamthatdevelopedthegel.Dependingontheplantsbeinggrown,hesaid,thismaterialcouldbe“directlymixedwithsoilincertainamounts”.布朗先生說，這種凝膠基材料“可以用作土壤增強劑(強化劑)，也可以替代溫室里種植作物的土壤”。他是德克薩斯大學(xué)奧斯汀分校的工程師。他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的團(tuán)隊開發(fā)了這種凝膠。他說，根據(jù)種植的植物，這種材料可以“以一定數(shù)量直接與土壤混合”。第三步，利用正確選項特點，確定答案(明確近義詞替換原文信息，關(guān)注變換原文語態(tài)詞性或詞形，簡化或概括原文，正話反說)2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheuseofSMAG?關(guān)于SMAG的使用，我們能了解到什么A.Itcanonlybesuitableforgreenhousecrops.它只能適用于溫室作物。B.Itshouldbeusedinthemorning.應(yīng)該在早上使用。C.Itneedstobeusedafterrain.它需要雨后使用。D.Itcanbemixedwithsoil.它可以與土壤混合（原文直接對應(yīng)）3.HowdidtheengineerstesttheeffectofSMAG?A.Bycomparingplantsindifferenttypesofgel-treatedsoil.B.Bycomparingthegel-treatedsoilonroofswiththatingreenhouses.C.Bycomparingdifferentplantswiththesamekindofgel-treatedsoil.D.Bycomparingthewatercontentofthegel-treatedsoilwiththatofthenormalsoil.第一步，初步讀題干，弄清楚關(guān)鍵詞所在位置和明確答題方向3.HowdidtheengineerstesttheeffectofSMAG?工程師是如何測試SMAG的效果的第二步，迅速定位和找出題干關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)的近義詞，反義詞或者解釋性信息，最好明確句間邏輯關(guān)系和段間邏輯關(guān)系（因果，遞進(jìn)，解釋，轉(zhuǎn)折，對比，比較等關(guān)系）Theengineerstestedthesoiladditivetogrowplantsontheroofofabuildingattheschool.Duringanexperiment,theycomparedplantsgrownonlyinsandysoilwithplantsgrowninsandysoilthathadbeenmixedwiththegel.Thegel-treatedsoillostabout60percentofthewaterthatithadstartedwithaboutamonthearlier.Bycomparison,theuntreatedsoillost80percentofitswaterinjustoneweek.工程師們測試了土壤添加劑，以便在學(xué)校一棟建筑的屋頂上種植植物。在一項實驗中，他們將僅在沙土中生長的植物與在混合了凝膠的沙土中生長的植物進(jìn)行了比較。經(jīng)過凝膠處理的土壤失去了大約一個月前開始的60%的水分。相比之下，未經(jīng)處理的土壤在一周內(nèi)損失了80%的水分。第三步，利用正確選項特點，確定答案(明確近義詞替換原文信息，關(guān)注變換原文語態(tài)詞性或詞形，簡化或概括原文，正話反說)3.HowdidtheengineerstesttheeffectofSMAG?工程師是如何測試SMAG的效果的?A.Bycomparingplantsindifferenttypesofgel-treatedsoil.通過比較不同類型凝膠處理土壤中的植物。B.Bycomparingthegel-treatedsoilonroofswiththatingreenhouses.通過比較凝膠處理過的屋頂土壤和溫室土壤。C.Bycomparingdifferentplantswiththesamekindofgel-treatedsoil.通過比較不同植物與同一種凝膠處理過的土壤。D.Bycomparingthewatercontentofthegel-treatedsoilwiththatofthenormalsoil.通過比較凝膠處理土壤與正常土壤的含水量。（原文直接對應(yīng)）Theengineerstestedthesoiladditivetogrowplantsontheroofofabuildingattheschool.Duringanexperiment,theycomparedplantsgrownonlyinsandysoilwithplantsgrowninsandysoilthathadbeenmixedwiththegel.工程師們測試了土壤添加劑，以便在學(xué)校一棟建筑的屋頂上種植植物。在一項實驗中，他們將僅在沙土中生長的植物與在混合了凝膠的沙土中生長的植物進(jìn)行了比較。LeadingmuseumsintheUnitedStatesarecoveringuporclosingdisplaysfeaturingNativeAmericanculturalobjectsowingtonewfederalrules.Thenewregulationsrequiremuseumstoobtain“free,priorandinformedpermission”fromtriballeadersbeforedisplayingancestralheritageitems.TheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryinNewYorkCity,thelargestnaturalhistorymuseumintheworld,announcedonJan26thatitwouldclosetwohallsspanning10,000squarefeetwithNativeAmericanexhibits,astheexhibitsare“severelyoutdated”.“Thehallsweareclosingcontainartifacts(歷史文物)ofanerawhenmuseumssuchasoursdidnotrespectthevalues,perspectivesandindeedsharedhumanityofNativeAmericans,”museumPresidentSeanDecatursaidinalettertothestaff,TheNewYorkTimesreported.“Thenumberofculturalobjectsondisplayinthesehallsissignificant,andbecausetheseexhibitsarealsoseverelyoutdated,wehavedecidedthatratherthanjustcoveringorremovingspecificitems,wewillclosethehalls,”Decatursaid.Themovecomesbecauseoftheimplementation(執(zhí)行)inearlyJanuaryofupdatedregulationsundertheNativeAmericanGravesProtectionandRepatriationAct(NAGPRA).Overthenextfiveyears,museums,universities,artinstitutionsandsimilarplacesarerequiredtoundertakeessentialupdatestoprepareallhumanremainsandrelatedfunerary(葬禮的)objectsforrepatriation(遣送),makingsurethattribeshavemorepowerandincreasedauthoritythroughouttheprocess.“Theultimategoalofthelawisnottocoverupexhibitions.It'snottopreventappropriateeducationaboutdiversenativecultures.It'saboutrepairingandrepatriatingitemsthathavebeenstolenoverthelastcoupleofcenturiesandreturningthemtotherightfulpeople,”ShannonO'Loughlin,theCEOoftheAssociationonAmericanIndianAffairssaid.Chicago'sFieldMuseumearlierthismonthalsoclosedseveraldisplaysfeaturingNativeAmericanculturalitems.TheFieldMuseumhasoneofthebiggestcollectionsofNativeAmericanremainsinthecountryandopenedanewpermanentexhibitioninthespringof2022thatdisplacedthemuseum'slongstandingNativeAmericanexhibitionsincethe1950s.HarvardUniversity,whichhasmorethan5,000NativeAmericanhumanremains,hassaiditwillremoveallNativeAmericanfuneraryitemsfromitsexhibits.“Exhibitionshavealwaysbeendiscussedduringtribaldiscussionsandculturalitemshavebeenremovedfromdisplayatthetribalrequest.WiththenewNAGPRAregulations,themuseumisintheprocessofremovingallthefunerarybelongingsandlikelyfunerarybelongingsoffdisplay,”HarvardUniversity’sPeabodyMuseumofArchaeologyandEthnology,saidinastatement.1.WhatdidChicago'sFieldMuseumdointhespringof2022?A.ItsetaboutdisplayingNativeAmericanculturalobjects.B.IthandedfuneraryobjectstoAmericanIndians.C.ItcollectedsomeNativeAmericanbelongings.D.Itopenedanewpermanentexhibition.第一步，初步讀題干，弄清楚關(guān)鍵詞所在位置和明確答題方向WhatdidChicago'sFieldMuseumdointhespringof2022?芝加哥菲爾德博物館在2022年春天做了什么?第二步，迅速定位和找出題干關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)的近義詞，反義詞或者解釋性信息，最好明確句間邏輯關(guān)系和段間邏輯關(guān)系（因果，遞進(jìn)，解釋，轉(zhuǎn)折，對比，比較等關(guān)系）Chicago'sFieldMuseumearlierthismonthalsoclosedseveraldisplaysfeaturingNativeAmericanculturalitems.TheFieldMuseumhasoneofthebiggestcollectionsofNativeAmericanremainsinthecountryandopenedanewpermanentexhibitioninthespringof2022thatdisplacedthemuseum'slongstandingNativeAmericanexhibitionsincethe1950s.本月早些時候，芝加哥菲爾德博物館也關(guān)閉了幾場以美國原住民文化項目為特色的展覽。菲爾德博物館擁有美國最大的印第安人遺骸收藏之一，并于2022年春天開設(shè)了一個新的永久性展覽，取代了該博物館自20世紀(jì)50年代以來長期舉辦的印第安人展覽。第三步，利用正確選項特點，確定答案(明確近義詞替換原文信息，關(guān)注變換原文語態(tài)詞性或詞形，簡化或概括原文，正話反說)1.WhatdidChicago'sFieldMuseumdointhespringof2022?芝加哥菲爾德博物館在2022年春天做了什么?A.ItsetaboutdisplayingNativeAmericanculturalobjects.它開始展示美洲原住民的文化物品。B.IthandedfuneraryobjectstoAmericanIndians.它把陪葬品交給了美洲印第安人C.ItcollectedsomeNativeAmericanbelongings.它收集了一些印第安人的遺物。D.Itopenedanewpermanentexhibition.它開設(shè)了一個新的常設(shè)展覽。2.HowisHarvardUniversitydealingwithallthefunerarybelongings?A.Bysellingthemtootherpeople.B.Byputtingtheminsomelabs.C.Bytakingthemawayfromitsexhibits.D.Bycoveringthemwithpiecesofcloth.第一步，初步讀題干，弄清楚關(guān)鍵詞所在位置和明確答題方向2.HowisHarvardUniversitydealingwithallthefunerarybelongings?哈佛大學(xué)是如何處理這些隨葬物品的第二步，迅速定位和找出題干關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)的近義詞，反義詞或者解釋性信息，最好明確句間邏輯關(guān)系和段間邏輯關(guān)系（因果，遞進(jìn)，解釋，轉(zhuǎn)折，對比，比較等關(guān)系）HarvardUniversity,whichhasmorethan5,000NativeAmericanhumanremains,hassaiditwill