2023年6月上海高考英語(yǔ)卷試題真題答案解析（含作文范文+聽(tīng)力原文）

2023年6月全國(guó)普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試

上海英語(yǔ)試卷答案解析

I.ListeningComprehension（第1-10題，每題1分;第11-20題，每題1.5分；共25分）

SectionA

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeach

conversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespoken

onlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyour

paper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

1.A.Everymorningat6:00.B.EveryThursdayafternoon.

C.Everydayat6:00p.m.D.EveryTuesdaymorning.

2.A.Dishwasher.B.Dryer.

C.Kitchenappliances.D.Hisownlamps.

3.A.Shecanbearwalkingdogs.B.Rabbitssuitherlifestylemost

C.Sheprefersrabbitstocats.D.Shedoesn*tlikecats.

4.A.Themusicinthenextroomdisturbedhisrest.

B.Theroomhelivesinisleakingwater.

C.Hewantsthefrontdeskstafftohelphimordertakeout.

D.Heencountereddangerinhisownroom.

5.A.Takesomeguitarlessons.B.GotoFrance.

C.Spendmoretimeatwork.D.Eatmorechocolates.

6.A.Readingabookisbetterthanseeingamovie.

B.Seeingamoviedoesn'tdeservethemoney.

C.Joiningabookclubiseconomical.

D.It*snevertoolatertoreadbooks.

7.A.Eatmorenaturalfood.B.Eatmorepackagedfood.

C.Eatlessvegetablesticks.D.Eatmorechips.

8.A.Ifshottohaveaspringoutingnow.

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B.Ifsstrangetopostponethespringouting.

C.Itiswisetopostponethespringouting.

D.Itmaybecolderattheendofthismonth.

9.A.Theyshouldhavearrivedanhourearlier.

B.Hedoesn'tenjoythedesignofthefireworks

C.Thefireworksshowstartedanhourlaterthanplanned

D.Theexperiencewasfarfromsatisfactory

10.A.Themanisworththepromotion.

B.Theman'sworkisfinallyrecognized

C.Themanisthebestfitfortheposition

D.Themanhasbeenundervalued

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveral

questionswillbereadtwice,butthequestionwillbespokenonlyonethefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper

anddecidewhichoyouhaveheard.

Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingtalk.

11.A.Toavoidfireaccidents.B.Toavoidsmokeandnoise.

C.Toaccommodatemorerubbish.D.Tomakeroomforactivities.

12.A.Theywereusuallystoredundergroundtokeepthemfresh.

B.Theywerekeptinrefrigeratorstopreventthemgoingbad.

C.Theyweretransportedfromthekitchentosavetime.

D.Theywerepickedfreshfromthecastlegardenasneeded.

13.A.LifeinEurope.B.Thecastlekitchen.

C.FoodinthecastleD.Developmentsofcastles.

Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingtalk.

14.A.Itismoreeconomicalandmoreefficient.

B.Itismorepopularandmoreeffective

C.Itismoredifficultandmorevaluable.

D.Itismorecomplicatedandmoreexcellent

15.A.Brandmessagesinonlinevideoads.

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B.Non-brandcontentsinonlinevideoads.

C.BrandmessagesinTVads.

D.Non-brandcontentsinTVads.

16.A.Theimportanceofbrands.B.Anewe-bookguide.

C.Digitaladvertising.D.Strategiesofadvertising.

Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.

17.A.Sheismisunderstoodbyherfriend.

B.Sheisn'tgettingalongwellwithherroommate.

C.Shehastroublemakingnewfriendsinnewplaces.

D.Shedoesn*twanttobefriendswithMaryanymore

18.A.Shedoesn'tlikebeingfriendswithJane.

B.ShemakesJanefeelbadonpurpose.

C.Shefailstodopartofherduty.

D.Shewillsurelychangeherbehavior.

19.A.ShecanstilltolerateMary.

B.Shedoesn'tthinkMarywillchange.

C.SheisafraidshewilloffendMary.

D.Sheisafraidoflosingthisfriend.

20.A.Forgetaboutthetrivialthings.

B.TellMarythroughathirdperson.

C.TellMarydirectlyaboutherfeelings.

D.Don'tbefriendswithMarryanymore.

【聽(tīng)力答案】1?10.BDCAACABDA11?13.ADB14-16.BAC17?20.BCDC

【備注】聽(tīng)力文字稿附文檔末尾

II.GrammarandVocabulary(每題1分；共20分)

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammatically

correct.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;forthe

otherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

Onceuponatime,intheheartofAfrica,therewasakingwho(21)(know)forhiswisdom

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andcourage,HisnamewasMosi,meaning"smoke"inhisnativetongue.Hehadcomealongway(22)

(watch)overhiskingdom,(23)(assume)thethrone(王權(quán))atayoungage.

Oneday,adisputearoseinthekingdom,Twofarmerswerearguingabouttheownershipofapieceofland,

Theycouldnotsettlethematterthemselves(24)eachclaimedthelandwastheirs.Thecasewas

broughtbeforeKingMosi,whowasknownforhisfairjudgments.

Thekinglistenedtobothsidesofthestory.Hethenasked,"Whoamongyoucantellme.howmanyseeds

areinthefruitofthebaobabtree?"Thefarmerslookedateachother,puzzled.Theydidnotknowtheanswer.

KingMosicontinued,“Justasyoucannottellmethenumberofseedsinthebaobabfruit,youcannot

prove(25)thislandbelongsto.Therefore,1decreethatthislandshallbesharedbetweenyou.You

willworkonittogetherandsharethefruitsofyourlaborequally.^^

Thefarmersweretakenabackbytheking'swisdom.Theyagreedtotheking*sdecisionandthankedhim

forhisfairjudgment.Fromthatdayforward,they(26)worktogetheronthelandandbecamethe

bestfriends.

ThepeopleofthekingdomadmiredKingMosi'swisdom.Theywouldremain(27)

(seat)fbrhours,listeningtohiswisewordsandlearningfromhisjudgments.ThestoryofKingMosi's

wisdomspreadfarandwide,andhewasrespectedbyallwhoheardabouthim.

Andso,kingMosicontinuedtorulehiskingdomwithwisdomandfairness,earning(28)a

placeintheannals(編年史)ofhistory,Hisstoryisareminderof(29)wisdomcan

bring(30)peaceandharmony.Itisastorythathasbeenpasseddownthroughgenerations,a

testamenttoKingMosi*senduringlegacy.

ThisisthestoryofKingMosi,awiseandjustrulerwhomadeasignificantimpactonhiskingdomandits

people,Hisstorycontinuestoinspireandteachvaluablelessonsaboutleadershipandjustice

【答案】

21.wasknown22.towatch23.assuming24.because25.who/whom

26.could27.seated28.himself29.how30.about

【導(dǎo)讀】這是關(guān)于非洲國(guó)王莫西的故事，他以智慧和公正聞名。當(dāng)兩個(gè)農(nóng)民爭(zhēng)奪土地所有權(quán)時(shí)，他以提

問(wèn)猴面包樹(shù)果實(shí)種子數(shù)量的方式解決了糾紛，展現(xiàn)了公平和智慧。他的故事傳播開(kāi)來(lái)，成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和公正

的典范。

【詳解】

21.wasknown【解析】考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此句為therebe句型，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是was?Who..and

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courage為who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，空格處為從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，此處意為!”被人們所知道”，beknownfor

意為“因……而出名”，而且主句中的謂語(yǔ)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以應(yīng)該填wasknowno

22,towatch【解析】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格前的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)為Hehadcome判定

空格處為非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。再根據(jù)句意判定，該空所在的位置需要填入動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，表示“他走

過(guò)了很長(zhǎng)的路來(lái)監(jiān)視他的王國(guó)”，因此填towatch。

23.assuming【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格前的句子的謂語(yǔ)是hadcome,且空格

的提示動(dòng)詞前有逗號(hào)，判定此處為非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句意該空需要填入一個(gè)非調(diào)語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)He

的行為，同時(shí)這個(gè)行為與主句中的hadcomealongway是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，因此應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在分詞assuming,

表示伴隨。

24.because【解析】考查連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格前是主調(diào)賓結(jié)構(gòu)的簡(jiǎn)單句，空格后是含賓

語(yǔ)從句的句子，因此這里需要填入一個(gè)連詞。又根據(jù)上下文提及的Theycouldnotsettlethematter

themselves和eachclaimedthelandwastheirs可推知“他們自己無(wú)法解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題是因?yàn)樗麄兠總€(gè)人都

聲稱這塊土地是他們的“，because表示原因，故此處填入because。

25.who/whom【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，該空引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作prove的賓語(yǔ)且該賓

語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，結(jié)合上下文內(nèi)容，這里需要填入一個(gè)指代人的關(guān)系代詞，表示“土地屬于誰(shuí)”，故此處填

入who/whomo

26.could【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句不缺少成分，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為原型，故考

慮情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合上下文內(nèi)容可推知，此處想要表述的是“因?yàn)閲?guó)王的決定，他們能夠(could)在一起工

作，成為最好的朋友”，故此處填入could。

27.seated【解析】考查過(guò)去分詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里需要填入一個(gè)形容詞或動(dòng)詞的故去分詞

作表語(yǔ),“remain+過(guò)去分詞"表示“某人或某事物仍保持某種狀態(tài)"，而seated是seat的過(guò)去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)

的形容詞，意為“坐著的”，故此處填入seated。

28.himself【解析】考查反身代詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空處需要填入代詞或名詞作earning的賓語(yǔ)，

又結(jié)合句意推知，此處想要表述的是“因此，摩西國(guó)王繼續(xù)以智慧和公平統(tǒng)治他的王國(guó)，使他自己(himself)

在歷史史冊(cè)上贏得了一席之地”，故該空處填入himselfo

29.how【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空處需要填入一個(gè)可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞，

且從句中不缺少主干成分，又根據(jù)相關(guān)句意推知，此處想要表述的是“他的故事給了我們一個(gè)關(guān)于智慧

是如何帶來(lái)和平與和諧的提醒”，how有“如何”之意，故此處填入howo

30.about【解析】考查介詞。Bringabout意為”導(dǎo)致;引起“，故該空填入about。

SectionB

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Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproper-wordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Note

thatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.unworkableB.indicativeC.polarD.promisingE.quantity

F.requestsG.contentH.visionLevaluatingJ.unmetK.subscribing

Brainstormingisacreativeprocessthatcanhelpgeneratenewandinnovativeideastosolvecomplex

problems.Itinvolvesbringingtogetherindividualsfromdiversebackgroundsandperspectivestosharetheir

ideasfreelyandbuilduponeachother'scontributions.However,tomakethemostofthisprocess,itis

importanttocreateanenvironmentthatencouragesactiveparticipationandcollaboration.Herearesomekey

principlestokeepinmindwhenconductingabrainstormingsession.

Firstly,itisimportanttohaveaclearvisionorgoalforthebrainstormingsession.Thiswillhelpguidethe

discussionandensurethatallideasgeneratedarerelevanttothetopicathand.Participantsshouldbe

encouragedtosharetheirthoughtsandideasfreely,withoutfearofjudgmentorcriticism.By(31)to

eachother'sideas,individualscanbuildoneachother'scontributionsandcreateamorecomprehensive

understandingoftheproblem.

When(32)thequalityofideasgeneratedduringabrainstormingsession,itisimportantto

considerboththequantityandthe(33).Whileahighquantityofideascanbebeneficial,itismore

importanttofocusonthequalityoftheideasandhowwelltheyalignwiththegroup*ssharedvision.Ideasthat

are(34)orirrelevanttothegroup*sgoalsshouldbediscardedinfavorofthosethataremore

(35).

Itisalsoimportanttohonor(36)formoreinformationorclarificationonaparticularidea.This

canhelpthegroupbetterevaluatetheideaanddeterminewhetheritalignswiththeirsharedvision.Ifanideais

deemedunworkableorneedsare(37)comprehensively,itisimportanttorecognizethisandmoveon

tootherideasthatmaybemorefeasible.

Inadditiontoevaluatingthequalityofideas,itisimportanttoconsiderthecontentofthediscussion.The

brainstormingsessionshouldbefocusedongeneratingnewideasandsolutions.ratherthanrehashingoldones.

Participantsshouldbeencouragedtothinkcreativelyandoutsidethebox,andtoavoidgettingboggeddownin

thedetails.

The(38)ofideasgeneratedduringabrainstormingsessioncanalsobeanimportantfactorto

consider.Whileahighquantityofideasisnotalwaysindicativeofasuccessfulsession,itcanhelpensurethat

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allpossibilitiesareexploredandconsidered.Participantsshouldbeencouragedtogenerateasmanyideasas

possible,withoutworryingaboutwhethertheyarepracticalorfeasible.

Ultimately,thesuccessofabrainstormingsessiondependsonthegroup*sabilitytoworktogethertowards

ashared(39).Bycreatingacultureofsubscribingtoeachother'sideasandevaluatingthembasedon

theirqualityandrelevance,wecangenerateinnovativesolutionstocomplexproblemsthatbenefitsocietyasa

whole.Brainstormingisapowerfultoolthatcanhelpusovercomethe(40)thatplaguesoursociety,

andcreateamorecollaborativeandcreativefuture.

【答案】31.K32.133.G34.A35.D36.F37.J38.E39.H40.C

【導(dǎo)讀】本文介紹了開(kāi)展頭腦風(fēng)暴的關(guān)鍵原則。要成功地進(jìn)行頭腦風(fēng)暴，必須創(chuàng)造一個(gè)鼓勵(lì)積極參與和

協(xié)作的環(huán)境，并且明確會(huì)議的目標(biāo)和愿景。參與者應(yīng)該自由地分享他們的想法，而不用擔(dān)心評(píng)判或批評(píng)。

文章還提到了如何評(píng)估頭腦風(fēng)暴中產(chǎn)生的想法的質(zhì)量和數(shù)量，以及如何集中討論新的想法和解決方案。

最終，成功的頭腦風(fēng)暴取決于團(tuán)隊(duì)合作實(shí)現(xiàn)共同目標(biāo)的能力。

【詳解】

3LK［解析］分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空處需要填入動(dòng)的-ing形式，結(jié)合相關(guān)選項(xiàng)并根據(jù)該空后熱及的

individualscanbuildoneachother'scontributionsandcreateamorecomprehensiveunderstandingofthe

problem可推知，此處想要表達(dá)的是“通過(guò)認(rèn)同(subscribing)別人的觀點(diǎn)，個(gè)人可以在彼此貢獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，

對(duì)問(wèn)題有更全面的理解“，故選K。subscribev.捐助;簽署;訂閱;同意。

32.1［解析］分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空需要填入動(dòng)詞的分詞形式，結(jié)合空格后提及的thequalityofideas

generatedduringabrainstormingsession(對(duì)于頭腦風(fēng)暴期間產(chǎn)生的想法的質(zhì)量)可推知，該空應(yīng)該填入評(píng)

判類的詞，故此處想表述的是“在評(píng)估(evaluating)頭腦風(fēng)暴期間產(chǎn)生的想法的質(zhì)量時(shí)”，故選I。evaluate.

評(píng)價(jià)：評(píng)估。

33.G［解析］連詞and連接并列成分，and前為名詞，因此該空處需要填入名詞。結(jié)合上文提及的the

qualityofideasgeneratedduringabrainstormingsession可推知不僅僅要重視這些想法的數(shù)量質(zhì)量，而且

要重要審核這些想法的內(nèi)容。句意為:“在評(píng)估頭腦風(fēng)暴會(huì)議期間產(chǎn)生的想法的質(zhì)量時(shí)，重要的是要考慮

數(shù)量和內(nèi)容(content)”，故選G。Contentn.內(nèi)容;目錄;含量;成分。

34.A［解析］根據(jù)系動(dòng)詞are和連詞or及irrelevant可知，該空需要填入形容詞。結(jié)合該空之后提及的

irrelevanttothegroup'sgoals可推知，此處想要表述的是“不可行(unworkable)或與團(tuán)隊(duì)目標(biāo)無(wú)關(guān)的想法

應(yīng)該被拋棄“，故選A。unworkableadj.不可行的;行不通的:不切實(shí)際的。

35.D［解析］根據(jù)系動(dòng)詞are和比較級(jí)標(biāo)志more可知，該空需要填入形容詞。結(jié)合上文提及的“需要放

棄與團(tuán)隊(duì)目標(biāo)不相符的想法”推知，此處需要填入的是“應(yīng)該接受什么樣的觀點(diǎn)”，D項(xiàng)與上文所填詞語(yǔ)

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含義有反差，即此處的意思為“那些與團(tuán)隊(duì)目標(biāo)無(wú)關(guān)的想法應(yīng)該被拋棄，取而代之的是那些更有前途的

(promising)想法”，故選D。promisingadj,有希望的:有前途的。

36.F［解析］結(jié)合連詞or之后的clarification推知，該空需要填入名詞。再根據(jù)該空之后提及的for

moreinformationorclarificationonaparticularidea以及該段相關(guān)內(nèi)容可以推知，此處想要表達(dá)的是“在頭

腦風(fēng)暴過(guò)程中尊重相關(guān)要求和閘明觀點(diǎn)也很重要”。句意為:“同樣重要的是，滿足獲得更多信息的要求

(requests)或明一個(gè)特定想法故選F。requestsn.要求;需要;申請(qǐng)書(shū)。

37.J［解析］分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空需要填入形容詞，結(jié)合相關(guān)選項(xiàng)和該空前提及的Ifanideais

consideredunworkable推知，此處想要表述的是“如果一個(gè)想法被認(rèn)為是不可行的，或者需求沒(méi)有得到全

面滿足(unmet),那么重要的是要認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)，并轉(zhuǎn)向其他可能更可行的想法”，故選J。unmetadj.未

滿足的:未相遇的:未應(yīng)付的。

38.E［解析］結(jié)合下句提及的Whileahighquantityofideasisnotalwaysindicativeofsuccessfulsession,it

canhelpensurethatallpossibilitiesareexploredandconsidered.和下文相關(guān)內(nèi)容可推知，該段講述的內(nèi)容與

頭腦風(fēng)暴產(chǎn)生的觀點(diǎn)的數(shù)量有關(guān)。句意為:“頭腦風(fēng)暴會(huì)議期間產(chǎn)生的想法數(shù)量(quantity)也是一個(gè)需要考

慮的重要因素”。故選E。quantityn.數(shù)量數(shù)額:大量；眾多。

39.H［解析］根據(jù)空格前的冠詞a可知，該空需要填入可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，又結(jié)合該空后趣及的By

creatingacultureofsubscribingtoeachother'sideasandevaluatingthembasedontheirqualityandrelevance,

wecangenerateinnovativesolutionstocomplexproblemsthatbenefitsocietyasawhole.可矢口，這句是對(duì)上句

內(nèi)容的解釋，再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)推知，此處想表達(dá)的意思是“最終，頭腦風(fēng)暴的成功取決于團(tuán)隊(duì)為實(shí)現(xiàn)共同愿

景(vision)而共同努力的能力”，故選Hovisionn.視力:視野;遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)卓識(shí)。

40.C［解析］根據(jù)空格前的the和空格后的名詞可知，該空需要填入形容詞，再結(jié)合該空之后捷及的that

causesoursocietyphysicalandmentaldisturbances,andcreateamorecollaborativeandcreativefuture可推

知，要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造更具協(xié)作性和創(chuàng)造性的未來(lái)需要克服一些相反的觀點(diǎn)，即此處句意為“頭腦風(fēng)暴是一種強(qiáng)大

的工具，可以幫助我們克服造成我們社會(huì)的兩極(polar)現(xiàn)象，創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更具協(xié)作性和創(chuàng)造性的未來(lái)”，故

選Copolaradj.極地的:磁極的:完全相反的。

IILReadingComprehension(共45分。41-45每題1分；56-70每題2分)

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA.B.Cand

D.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext

8

Doctorsarescientistswhooperateinaworldofstatistics,oddsandprobability.Yetthey'velongbeen

taughtthatwhendealingwithpatientstheyshouldconveyareassuringlevelofconfidenceandcertainty.

(41),patientsexpecttheirdoctorstogivethemacleardiagnosisandastraightforwardcourseof

treatment.Butnowthatinformationabouteverymedicalconditionimaginableisjustafewclicksaway,

expertsareaskingwhetherdoctors*apparent(42)whencommunicatingwiththeirpatientsactuallydoes

moreharmthangood.Withtheinformationoverloadbroughtbytheprogressofmedicineandtechnology

answersare(43)blackorwhite.

Medicalschoolsareonlyjuststartingtoteachdoctorshowtodealwiththis,andpatients*expectations

haven't(44),either.

“Medicinehasalwaysfallenshortofthesortofcertaintythatwefindinmathandgeometry”,saysDr.

RossUpshur,aresearcherattheDaliaLanaSchoolofPublicHealthinToronto.uaIfyouthinkaboutknowledge

andwhatitdoes,ifsabout(45)uncertainty,notaboutcreatingcertainty.9,

Doctorsintraining,likegamblers,needtobe(46)workinginafieldinwhichthey're

constantlyweighingtheoddsbasedonamyriadoffactors.WhenUpshurteachesmedicalstudentshow

todiagnoseanailment(小恙),hetellsthemto(47)theirinquiry----comeupwithalistof

possibilities,ratherthanquicklyhomeinonasinglesolution."Evenwhenyoumakeadiagnosisthatyouthink

isfirm,youusuallydon'thavecertaintyaboutwhatwouldbethebest(48)andwhat

theoutcomeswillbeinthelongrun.”

Technologyhashelped(49)thequestforcertainty.Wearereachingapointwherewecanfeed

alistofsymptomsintoacomputerandgetamore(50)diagnosisthanfromadoctor.Dr.

RichardSchwartzstein,aprofessorofmedicineatHarvardMedicalSchool,seessuchdevelopmentsasboth

a/an(51)andanopportunity.Ononehand,hesays,"'technologytriestopushyoutoa/an

(52)levelofcertainty.Dothistesttogeta99percentlevelofcertaintythatyouhavethisdisease.,9

Ontheotherhand,computerscan't(53)adiagnosisoratreatmenttopatientsinacomfortingway.

Takearoutinescreeningtestforearly-stagelungcancer.Basedonyourage,yoursmokingstatus,andyour

gender,acomputercandoagreatjobofevaluatingthechancesoffindingacancerousnodule(癌癥結(jié)節(jié)).It

canalso(54)quitepreciselytheriskofdevelopinganactualcancerbasedonthesizeandshapeofa

nodule.Whatitcan'tdo,(55),isdecidehowtobreakthenewsthatyouhaveanoduleinyourlungthat

hasa1percentchanceofbecomingacancer.

41.A.OnthehandB.AfterwordsC.AsaresultD.Aboveall

9

42.A.victimB.instanceC.transparencyD.certainty

43.A.frequentlyB.generallyC.rarelyD.mainly

44.A.adoredB.transformedC.fadedD.adjusted

45.A.limitingB.hittingC.threateningD.assembling

46.A.comparedwithB.accountedforC.accustomedtoD.annoyedat

47.A.coverB.trainC.clarifyD.broaden

48.A.identifyB.cureC.defendD.cause

49.A.enlightenB.redefineC.commitD.guarantee

50.A.accurateB.plainC.seriousD.remedial

5l.A.challengeB.encounterC.conversationD.dispute

52.A.dangerousB.maximalC.unfavorableD.contrasting

53.A.stuffB.hintC.communicateD.indicate

54.A.concludeB.understandC.assumeD.calculate

55.A.howeverB.thereforeC.moreoverD.hence

【答案】41-45.CDCDA46-50.CDBBA51y5.ABCDA

【導(dǎo)讀】文章討論了醫(yī)生在與病人交流時(shí)傳達(dá)自信和確定性的重要性，然而，隨著醫(yī)學(xué)和技術(shù)進(jìn)步帶來(lái)

的信息爆炸，專家們開(kāi)始質(zhì)疑醫(yī)生與病人交流時(shí)的表面確定性是否對(duì)病人造成更多傷害。醫(yī)學(xué)院只是開(kāi)

始教導(dǎo)醫(yī)生如何處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題，而病人的期望也沒(méi)有明確。醫(yī)生并不像數(shù)學(xué)和幾何學(xué)那樣具備確定性，

而是需要不斷權(quán)衡各種因素來(lái)做出決策。技術(shù)在一定程度上提供了確定性，但無(wú)法像醫(yī)生那樣以安慰人

心的方式給出診斷和治療建議。雖然計(jì)算機(jī)可以評(píng)估肺部結(jié)節(jié)的癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但它無(wú)法決定如何告知患者

肺部有1%的機(jī)會(huì)變成癌癥。因此，醫(yī)生需要在不確定性中進(jìn)行決策，并通過(guò)人性化的交流方式向患者

傳遞信息。

【解析】

41.C［解析］此題考查上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。上文提到，醫(yī)生應(yīng)該給病人一個(gè)確定的診斷和治療方案，

而該空后提到，患者希望醫(yī)生能給他們一個(gè)明確的診斷和簡(jiǎn)單的治療過(guò)程。因此，此處能夠承接上下文

的只有C項(xiàng)，asaresult意為“所以;結(jié)果（是）”，故選C。onthehand一方面:afterwordsadv.后來(lái);asaresult

所以;結(jié)果（是）:aboveall最重要的是:尤其是。

42.D［解析］結(jié)合上文提及的Doctorsarescientistswhooperateinaworldofstatistics,oddsand

probability.Yetthey'velongbeentaughtthatwhendealingwithpatientstheyshouldconveyareassuringlevel

10

ofconfidenceandcertainty.可知此處提及的內(nèi)容與醫(yī)生在治療過(guò)程中的明確性溝通相關(guān)，再結(jié)合相關(guān)選

項(xiàng)，此處與“確定性”能夠產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系的選項(xiàng)只有D項(xiàng)。句意為:“但現(xiàn)在，只要點(diǎn)擊幾下鼠標(biāo)，就可以獲得

關(guān)于每一種可以想象的醫(yī)療狀況的信息，專家們正在詢問(wèn)，醫(yī)生在與患者溝通時(shí)的明顯確定性(certainty)

是否真的弊大于利故選D。victimn.受害者:犧牲品:instancen.例子，實(shí)例;情況;transparencyn.透明;透

明度:透明性:certaintyn.確定:必然性。

43.C［解析］結(jié)合選項(xiàng)及上下文expertsareaskingwhetherdoctors*apparentcertainty—when

communicatingwiththeirpatientsactuallydoesmoreharmthangood.可知，專家們也在研究和詢問(wèn)醫(yī)患溝通

明確帶來(lái)的影響，所以此處最可能表述的是“隨著醫(yī)學(xué)和技術(shù)進(jìn)步帶來(lái)的信息過(guò)量，答案很少(rarely)是

非黑即白的"。故選Cofrequentlyadv.頻繁地，經(jīng)常:generallyadv.籠統(tǒng)地;通常地;普遍地:rarelyadv.少有地;

罕見(jiàn)地;mainlyadv.主要地;大多。

44.D［解析］結(jié)合上文提及的patientsexpecttheirdoctorstogivethemacleardiagnosisanda

straightforwardcourseoftreatment可知，患者希望醫(yī)生能給他們一個(gè)明確的診斷和簡(jiǎn)單的治療過(guò)程，再

結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可推知患者的這種觀念在短時(shí)間不會(huì)發(fā)生改變。句意為:“醫(yī)學(xué)院才剛剛開(kāi)始教醫(yī)生如何應(yīng)對(duì)這

種情況，患者的期望也沒(méi)有調(diào)整(adjusted)”，故選D。adorev.喜愛(ài)諼慕;transferv.(使)轉(zhuǎn)移:(使)調(diào)動(dòng);fadev.

褪去;逐漸消逝:adjustv.適應(yīng)，調(diào)整，校正。

45.A［解析］結(jié)合下文和該空后提及的notaboutcreatingcertainty可推知，該空所填詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)的

意思應(yīng)與creatingcertainty意思相近，limitinguncertainty符合題意。句意為:"如果你思考知識(shí)及其作用，

那就是限制(limiting)不確定性，而不是創(chuàng)造確定性故選A.limitv.限制:限量:使限于:hitv.打，打擊:碰

撞:threatenv恐嚇:威脅:預(yù)示(某事):assemblev.集合，收集:裝配，組合:組裝。

46.C［解析］結(jié)合下文所舉的相關(guān)例子可推知，接受培訓(xùn)的醫(yī)生需要在海量信息中作出判斷，即當(dāng)他

們?cè)\斷疾病時(shí)，經(jīng)常會(huì)面對(duì)這種情況，所以他們要慢慢習(xí)慣這種工作狀態(tài)。句意為:“像賭徒一樣，接受

培訓(xùn)的醫(yī)生需要習(xí)慣于(accustomedto)在一個(gè)他們不斷根據(jù)無(wú)數(shù)因素權(quán)衡勝算的領(lǐng)域工作”。故選C.

comparewith與...比較，跟....相比:accountfor說(shuō)明(原因、理由等);在(數(shù)量、比例上)占，對(duì)…負(fù)

責(zé):annoyat對(duì)憤怒。

47.D［解析］結(jié)合該空之后提及的comeupwithalistofpossibilities—ratherthanquicklyhomeinona

singlesolution可推知，文章不提倡快速地回到一個(gè)單一的解決方案上，所以此處想要表達(dá)的意思為“當(dāng)

Upshur教醫(yī)學(xué)生如何診斷疾病時(shí)，他告訴他們擴(kuò)大(broaden)調(diào)查范圍一一列出各種可能性，而不是迅

速找到一個(gè)單一的解決方案“，故選D。coverv.遮蓋:覆蓋:撒上:包括:涉及:trainV、訓(xùn)練:教育:培養(yǎng);修

整:clarifyV、闡明，澄清:凈化:broadenv.變寬:擴(kuò)大.的范圍。

11

48.B［解析］結(jié)合上句提及的Evenwhenyoumakeadiagnosisthatyouthinkisfirm可知，此處講述的

內(nèi)容與醫(yī)療診斷相關(guān)，再分析選項(xiàng)，此處B項(xiàng)能夠與上文聯(lián)系起來(lái)。句意為:“即使你做出了你認(rèn)為可靠

的診斷，你通常也不確定什么是最好的治療(cure)方法，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看會(huì)有什么結(jié)果?故選B。identifyv>

識(shí)別，認(rèn)出:確定:curen.藥:措施:療程:defendv.防御:保衛(wèi):防守:causen.原因;理由;事業(yè):訴訟案。

49.B［解析］結(jié)合上下文提及的相關(guān)內(nèi)容可知，醫(yī)生需要慢慢習(xí)慣從海量信息中診斷疾病，而信息技

術(shù)提高了診斷的準(zhǔn)確性，這說(shuō)明準(zhǔn)確診斷疾病是醫(yī)生追求已久的。句意為:“技術(shù)幫助重新定義了對(duì)確定

性的追求”，故選B。enlightenv.啟發(fā)，闡明redefinev.再定義commitv.犯罪:承諾:guarantees保證:擔(dān)保。

50.A［解析］結(jié)合上下文提及的Dothistesttogeta99percentlevelofcertaintythatyouhavethisdisease.

可推知，此處想要表達(dá)的是“我們已經(jīng)到了可以將癥狀列表輸入計(jì)算機(jī)并得到比醫(yī)生更準(zhǔn)確的(accurate)

診斷的地步”，故選Aoaccurateadj.正確的，精確的:精準(zhǔn)的:plainadj.清楚的:坦誠(chéng)的:單色的:樸素的:serious

adj嚴(yán)重的嚴(yán)肅的:認(rèn)真的:莊重的:remedialadj.補(bǔ)教的;糾正的:治療的;補(bǔ)習(xí)的，輔導(dǎo)的。

5LA［解析］結(jié)合下文提及的信息技術(shù)對(duì)于提高診斷準(zhǔn)確率的好處和缺點(diǎn)，并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，此處句

意為:“哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院醫(yī)學(xué)教授理查德?施瓦茨坦博士認(rèn)為，這種發(fā)展既是一種挑戰(zhàn)(challenge),也是一種機(jī)

遇”。故選Aochallengen.挑戰(zhàn):(比賽等的)邀請(qǐng):質(zhì)疑:encountern.遭遇，偶遇:(體育)比賽:conversationn.

交談，談話:disputen.爭(zhēng)論，爭(zhēng)端，糾紛。

52.B［解析］結(jié)合該空之后提及的Dothistesttogeta99percentlevelofcertaintythatyouhavethis

disease可知，將癥狀信息輸入電腦能夠99%確定患有某種疾病，即最大程度確定所患疾病。故該空所在

句子想要表達(dá)的是“技術(shù)試圖把你推向一個(gè)最大的(maximal)確定水平。做這個(gè)測(cè)試可以獲得99%的確定

性,你患有這種疾病”。故選B.dangerousadj.危險(xiǎn)的;maximaladj.尺寸最大的，最高的，持續(xù)時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)

的:unfavorableadj.不利的湘反的;令人不快的;不吉利的:contrastingadj.極不相同的，迥異的。

53.C［解析］結(jié)合該段內(nèi)容以及最后提及的isdecidehowtobreakthenewsthatyouhaveanodulein

yourlungthathasa1percentchanceofbecomingacancer可推知，計(jì)算機(jī)雖然能夠非常準(zhǔn)確第診斷疾病，

但其在告知診斷結(jié)果方面存在一定缺陷。句意為:“另一方面，計(jì)算機(jī)無(wú)法以令人欣慰的方式向患者傳達(dá)

(communicate)診斷或治療故選C。stuffv.塞滿;填塞;hintv.暗示，提示:communicatev.溝通;傳遞;傳染;

相通:indicatev.表明，暗示:指示。

54.D［解析］結(jié)合上句提及的Basedonyourage,yoursmokingstatus,andyourgender,acomputercando

agreatjobofevaluatingthechancesoffindingacancerousnodule可矢口，止匕處是在說(shuō)明計(jì)算機(jī)根據(jù)相關(guān)信息

診斷疾病的準(zhǔn)確程度。句意為:“它還可以根據(jù)結(jié)節(jié)的大小和形狀非常精確地計(jì)算出(calculate)患上實(shí)際癌

癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。故選D。concludev.推斷出:總結(jié):結(jié)束:締約:understands明白，理解:了解:得知:默認(rèn);領(lǐng)

會(huì):assumev.假設(shè):承擔(dān)(責(zé)任):獲得(權(quán)利):呈現(xiàn):calculatev.計(jì)算:估算:估計(jì):預(yù)料。

12

55.A［解析］結(jié)合該空前后內(nèi)容，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)上文說(shuō)計(jì)算機(jī)可以準(zhǔn)確診斷疾病，而該空之后則說(shuō)“計(jì)算機(jī)

不能夠準(zhǔn)確告知疾病發(fā)展”，前后有一定的轉(zhuǎn)折性，故選A。howeveradv.然而:不管怎樣:conj.不管怎

樣thereforeadv.因止匕:moreoveradv.此外:而且:henceadv.因此，所以。

外刊題源：

2022GuidetoIndependentSchools

DiscoverprivateschoobinCrMtorBostonandbeyond.

IDEAS|NICHOLASCHADI

Whendoctorsknowthatthevdontknow

ByWicMMClMdi7125p.

Doctorsarescientistswhooperateinaworldofstatistics,oddsandprobability.Yetthey'velongbeen

taughtthatwhendealingwithpatientstheyshouldconveyareassuringlevelofconfidenceand

certainty.(41)Asaresult,patientsexpecttheirdoctorstogivethemacleardiagnosisand

astraightforwardcourseoftreatment.Butnowthatinformationabouteverymedicalconditionimaginableis

justafewclicksaway,expertsareaskingwhetherdoctors*apparent(42)certaintywhencommunicatingwith

theirpatientsactuallydoesmoreharmthangood.Withtheinformationoverloadbroughtbytheprogressof

medicineandtechnologyanswersare(43)rarelyblackorwhite.

Medicalschoolsareonlyjuststartingtoteachdoctorshowtodealwiththis,andpatients*expectations

haven't(44)adjusted,either.

“Medicinehasalwaysfallenshortofthesortofcertaintythatwefindinmathandgeometry”,saysDr.

RossUpshur,aresearcherattheDalia