unit-2starting-a-business英文課件講解

ApproachingWorkplaceWorkplaceCommunicationMiniTextTextGrammarReviewAppliedWritingSyndicateActivitiesTask1BackWhoarethey?Howmuchwealthdo/didtheyhave?Howdidtheystarttheirbusiness?Whatcharacteristicsdidtheyshareinstartinguptheirbusiness?ApproachingWorkplaceWorkinpairs.Discussthefollowingquestionsaboutthesegreatbusinessleaders.BackWhoarethey?Howmuchwealthdo/didtheyhave?MaYunisChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO)oftheHangzhou-basedAlibabaNetworkingTechnologyCo.inZhejiangProvince.Heisnowworthabout￥164.4billionor$26.3billionBillGates

isthefounderofMicrosoft.BillGatesisnowworthnearly$90billion.SteveJobswastheCEOofAppleComputerCorporation.Hewasworth$25billionbeforehedied.MarkZuckerbergisthefounderandCEOoftheFacebook,heisnowworth$13.5billion.BackHowdidtheystarttheirbusiness?MaYunusedtobeanEnglishteacherandstartedthewebsite--www.china.injustsixyears.Thiscompanyhasdevelopedrapidlyandbecamethelargesttrademarketonline.BillGateslefttheuniversitytofoundacompanycalledMicrosoftwithhisbestfriendPaulAllen.Owningtotheirefforts,thiscompanydevelopedrapidlyandbecameapubliccompanyin1985.SteveJobs,alongwithSteveWozniak,co-foundedAppleComputerCorporationandbecameamultimillionairebeforetheageof30.MarkZuckerbergstartedinhiscollegedormroomwithroommateDustinMoskovitzandChrisHughes,andlateronestablishedhisowncompany.BackWhatcharacteristicsdidtheyshareinstartinguptheirbusiness?Theyareallsuccessfulbusinessmenwhoestablishedtheirownbusinessfromstartupsonaverysmallscalewithonlyafewpartnersandfriends.Workinpairs.Answerthefollowingquestions.1.Doyoudreamtostartabusinessofyourownaftergraduation?2.Whyorwhynot?3.Ifyoustartupabusiness,whatbusinesswillyoudo?Task2Yes,Iwanttostartupabusiness.Becausestartingupabusinessisaquitechallengingjob,andIlikechallenge.Perhapsopenashoptosellsomething.Ilikesellingthings.Back4.Whatbusinessformwillyoutake?Asoletrader,apartnershiporafranchisechainstore?5.Whatdoyouthinkarethepossiblestepstosetupabusiness?Task2MaybeIliketobeasoletraderasIthinkIamveryindependentandIliketodobusinessallbymyself.Ithink,firstofall,Ishouldhaveagoodideaaboutthebusiness,andthenIneedtodosomemarketresearch.Ifmyideaprovestobefeasible,Iwillmakeabusinessplan,getthemoneyforthebusiness,hiresomepeople,renttheofficeandstartmybusiness.BackWorkplaceCommunicationBackYouwillhearfivestatements.Listentothemcarefullyandmatcheachstatementwiththecorrespondingpicture.Statements

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5PicturesdcaebBackListentothestatementsagainanddecidewhetherthesesentencesare“Right”or“Wrong”.Ifthereisnotenoughinformationtochoose“Right”or“Wrong”,choose“Notmentioned”.1.Helenknowsalotaboutcoffeeandshewantstorunacoffeeshoponeday.a.Right.b.Wrong.c.Notmentioned.2.Bobstudiesphysicaleducationatcollege,andhewantstoopenasportswareshopaftergraduation.a.Right.b.Wrong.c.Notmentioned.Back3.Daviddoesn’twanttotakeoverhisfamilybusiness,buttoopenabookshop,instead.a.Right. b.Wrong. c.Notmentioned.4.WendyisworkingwithJackasapartnertorunasupermarket.a.Right.b.Wrong.c.Notmentioned.5.Maryisintofashion,andshehasopenedaclothesshoponline.a.Right.b.Wrong.c.Notmentioned.ScriptsBackUsetheRightWordHerearetwogroupsofwordsfrequentlyusedinpresentingcompanies.Ineachgroup,deleteonewordwhichdoesnotgowiththeoneinthecircle.abusinesstakeovergrowproducesetupestablishasoletraderanewproductalimitedcompanyapubliccompanyBackrunstartapartnershipafranchisestore1.Helenknowsalotaboutcoffeeandshewantstorunacoffeeshoponeday.2.Bobstudiesphysicaleducationatcollege,andhedreamstohaveafitnesscenteraftergraduation.3.Daviddoesn’twanttotakeoverhisfamilybusiness,buttoopenabookshop,instead.4.WendyisworkingwithJackasapartnertorunasupermarket.5.Maryisintofashion,andshehasopenedaclothesshoponline.ScriptsBackListeningInSituation:EricaandDanielarebothfreshmen.Theyaretalkingabouttheirdreamsinthefuture.Listentothemodeldialogueandfillintheblankswithwhatyouhear.BackModelDialogueErica:Hi,Daniel.What’syourplanforyourfuture?Daniel:Iwouldliketo___________________.Erica:Whatbusinesswillyoudo?Daniel:Asyouknow,I_________________softwareengineering,soIwouldlike_________________todevelopcomputergames.Erica:Wow!Thatsoundsgreat!Iamsureyoucan_______________.Daniel:Howaboutyou?Whatdoyou_____________________aftergraduation?Erica:Well,Iama_____________________,soIwanttobeanHRmanagerofabigcompany.ListeningInstartmyownbusinessmajorinmakeitwanttobepeoplepersonsetupacompanyBackListentothemodeldialogueagainandcheckyouranswers.Thenpracticethedialogueandtrytorole-playitwithyourpartner.Whenyourole-playit,youareexpectedtousetheMindMapbelow,butdoNOTlookatthemodeldialogue.SpeakingOutScriptsBackBackErica: Hi,Daniel.What’syourplanforyourfuture?Daniel:Iwouldliketostartmyownbusiness.Erica: Whatbusinesswillyoudo?Daniel:Asyouknow,Imajorinsoftwareengineering,soIwouldlike tosetupacompanytodevelopcomputergames.Erica: Wow!Thatsoundsgreat!Iamsureyoucanmakeit.Daniel:Howaboutyou?Whatdoyouwanttobeaftergraduation?Erica: Well,Iamapeopleperson,soIwanttobeanHRmanagerof abigcompany.ScriptsBackListentothedialogueandfillinthemissinginformationonthefollowingMindMap.Situation:PeterandCherryarefriends.TheyaretalkingaboutCherry’splanaftergraduation.ListeningInBackacooktwoorthreeyearsrestaurantfoodandcookingalotofmoneyBackListentothedialogueagainandcheckyouranswers.Thenrole-playitwithyourpartnerbyusingtheaboveMindMap.SpeakingOutScriptsBackPeter: HiCherry,whatareyougoingtodoaftergraduation?Cherry:Idreamtohavearestaurantofmyowninthefuture.Peter: Arestaurant?Why?Cherry:Well,IlikefoodandIlikecooking,too,youknow…restaurant makesalotofmoney.Peter: Yes,that’strue,sohowareyougoingtorealizeyourdream?Cherry:Well,first,Iwillfindajobasacookinarestaurantafter graduation.ThenIwillhavemyownrestaurantintwoorthree years.Peter: Brilliant!Ihopeyourdreamwillcometrue.ScriptsBackTask1ReadthefollowingMiniTextandfindthewordorexpressionthatmatchesthecontextmeaninggiven.a)_______________:totalsalesincomeb)_______________:veryexperiencedandskilledc)_______________:havingavalueofd)_______________:thedifferencebetweenprofitandcoste)_______________:torunorgosomewhereveryquicklybecauseyouareinahurryf)________________:tobuyandsellsomethingturnoverveteranworthprofitmargindashdealMiniTextBackYoungMillionaireBackinTimeforSchoolReubenSinghis18andstudyingforhisA-levelsatWilliamHulmeGrammarSchool,Manchester.Healsorunshisownbusiness,ReubenSinghHoldings,whichdealsinfashionjewelleryandaccessories.Heisworthnearly10millionpounds.Thereasonforhissuccess,hesays,issimple:“Girlsdon’thavethemoneytogooutandbuynewclotheseveryday.Byusingaccessoriestheycanchangehowtheirclotheslook.It’salsoabusinesswithagoodturnoverandaveryhighprofitmargin.”12BackReubenSinghwasbornintoawealthyfamilyinCheshire,England.Hestartedlearningaboutbusinessattheageof12inhisparents’company.At14hemadehisfirstindependentbusinesstrip.Now,at18,heisalmostaveteranbusinessman.Hestilldealsdirectlywithmanufacturers.HemakesnineortentripsayeartotheFarEast,andtravelstoMilanandBarcelonanearlyeveryweek.Everydayherisesat5:00a.m.;at7:00a.m.heisintheoffice.Heworksuntil8:30a.m.,thendashestoschoolforclassinhisbrand-newJaguarsportscar.Afterschoolfinishesat3:30p.m.,hegoesbacktotheofficeagainuntil9:00p.m..Thenitistimeforatleastthreehoursofrevision.Whenaskedaboutthehobbies,hesays,“Myfriendshavetheirhobbies,footballmainly;Ihavemine--businessandpolitics.”3Back4ProperNamesBackFarEast:遠(yuǎn)東(西方國家對亞洲最東部地區(qū)的稱呼)Milan:米蘭(意大利北部城市)Barcelona:巴塞羅那(西班牙東北部港市，巴塞羅那省省會)Jaguar:捷豹(最具有英國特色的豪華汽車，有“英國騎士”之稱)ProperNamesTranslationofMiniText

18歲的魯本·辛格在曼徹斯特的威廉休姆文法學(xué)校攻讀高級證書。同時，他還經(jīng)營著自己的生意-魯本·辛格控股公司,該公司主要經(jīng)營時尚珠寶和配飾。他身價近1000萬英鎊。他說成功的秘訣很簡單：女孩子們沒有足夠的錢每天都出去買新衣服。通過使用配飾可以改變他們衣服的樣子。這也是一個有很高營業(yè)額和利潤的生意。Back魯本·辛格--百萬富翁按時回校上課TranslationofMiniText魯本·辛格出生于英國柴郡一個富裕的家庭。12歲的時候就在他父母的公司開始學(xué)習(xí)做生意。14歲時他便第一次獨(dú)自出差?，F(xiàn)在,18歲的他幾乎是一位老練的商人。他仍然直接與制造商打交道。一年要去遠(yuǎn)東旅行九到十次，幾乎每周都去米蘭和巴塞羅那。他每天5點起床，7點開始工作，一直到8：30,然后開著他全新的捷豹跑車趕去學(xué)校上課。在下午3：30放學(xué)之后,他回到辦公室再工作到晚上9點。然后進(jìn)行至少三個小時的復(fù)習(xí)。當(dāng)被問及愛好時,他說,“我的朋友有自己的愛好,主要是足球；我也有自己的愛好，那就是商業(yè)和政治。BackWorkwithyourpartnerandanswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotheMiniText.Task2PairWork1.WhoisReubenSingh?Whatisspecialabouthim?2.What’sthereasonforReubenSingh’ssuccess?ReubenSinghisastudentaswellasamillionaire.HeisspecialbecauseherunshisownbusinesswhenstudyingforA-levelatWilliamHulmeGrammarSchool.Byusingaccessories,girlscanchangehowtheirclotheslook.It’salsoabusinesswithagoodturnoverandaveryhighprofitmargin.BackPairWork3.HowdoesReubenSinghgotoschooleveryday?4.HowmanyhoursdoesReubenSinghstudyandworkaday?5.WhyisReubenSinghsobusy?Hegoestoschoolforclassinhisbrand-newJaguarsportscar.ReubenSinghstudiesandworksfor17hoursaday.Becauseheneedstostudyandmanagehisownbusinessatthesametime.BackReadingTextReadytoGo!ComprehensionTask1Task2TranslationTask1Task2VocabularyTask1Task2TextBackBackgroundInformationNewWordsBackNewWordskeenadj.熱衷的，著迷的partnershipn.合伙公司ambitiousadj.有野心的，雄心勃勃的expandv.擴(kuò)大，膨脹formv.組建，組成deedn.（尤指建筑物或土地的）契約unlimitedadj.無限制的liabilityn.（賠償?shù)龋┴?zé)任，義務(wù)flourishv.繁榮，興旺operationn.運(yùn)作；經(jīng)營purchasev.購買venturen.(新的）生意；企業(yè)；業(yè)務(wù)活動registerv.注冊，登記（有關(guān)信息）establishv.建立，創(chuàng)立；成立機(jī)構(gòu)或公司entityn.實體shareholdern.股東BackNewWordsdirectorn.董事；總監(jiān)investigationn.調(diào)查listv.(公司）上市，把(證券)列入上市證券表plcn.公營有限公司takeup開始養(yǎng)成…的習(xí)慣;開始從事;開始對…產(chǎn)生興趣startup創(chuàng)辦；發(fā)起；創(chuàng)建onone’sownaccount靠自己的力量；為自己的利益tradeas以…（品牌，形式）進(jìn)行貿(mào)易drawup起草，制訂（文件、計劃等）legalentity法人實體carryout承擔(dān)；進(jìn)行PhrasesandExpressionsReadytogo!SurefitShoes

I.Thepurposeofthestory:Tohelpusunderstand_________________________________①throughfollowingKeith’scareer.II.Thedevelopingprocessofabusiness

1.TheSoleTraderKeithstartedupinbusinessonhisownaccountandheistheonly________________②ofSurefitShoes.Skimthetextforthekeypointsandfillintheoutlinewithnecessaryinformation.thevarioustypesofbusinessorganizationexistingownerReadingTextBackReadytogo!2.PartnershipsKeithwantstoexpandhisbusiness,soheinvitesKevintojointhepartnershipandtheyeachhas__________________③liabilityforpossibledebts.3.ALimitedCompanyInordertoexpandtheiroperations,theyestablishSurefitShoesLtd.,whichhas__________________④liability.4.APublicCompanyTheydecidetomakeSurefitapubliccompanywhichisownedbytheshareholders,managedbythedirectorsandcontrolledbythoseholdingamajorityof___________________⑤.unlimitedlimitedvotingsharesReadingTextBack

SurefitShoes,fromSoleTradertoPlcKeithRileyisfromafairlywealthyfamily.Afterhisgraduationfromacollege,hetookupajobasanassistantinashoeshop.Soonhefoundhimselfverykeenonretailingandhisfathergavehim,asatwenty-firstbirthdaypresent,60,000poundssothathecouldstartupinbusinessonhisownaccount.Keithhasbeenquitesuccessfulinhisbusiness,andwewillbefollowingKeith’scareertohelpusunderstandthevarioustypesofbusinessorganizationexisting.TheSoleTraderKeithboughtashoeshopandemployedtwoassistants.HedecidedtotradeasSurefitShoes.12123Back

KeithistheonlyownerofSurefitShoes.Thisisanexampleofasoletraderformoforganization.IfSurefitShoesdoeswell,Keithwillgetthebenefit;butifitdoesbadlyhewillbeartheloss.Keithobviouslyhasgoodskillsinbusinessandthefirstthreeyearsareverysuccessfulindeed.PartnershipsAstheprofitsincreaseeachyear,Keithisveryambitiousandhefeelshewouldliketoexpandhisbusinessbybuyingtwoothershoeshops.Keithdoesnothaveenoughmoney,sohedecidestoformapartnership.HeinviteshisfriendKevintojointhepartnership.456Back

SoKeithandhisnewpartnerbuythetwoshopsanddrawupapartnershipdeed.Apartnershiphasbeenformed.Itisownedandcontrolledbythepartners.Eachpartnerhasunlimitedliabilityforpossibledebts.KeithandKevinworkverywelltogether.Thethreeshopsflourish,receivinggoodreturns.ALimitedCompanyThethreeshopsrunbySurefit(Shoes)are,aswehaveseen,doingwell.KeithandKevinareanxioustoexpandtheiroperationsthroughouttheNorth-WestofEngland,buttherereallyisnotenoughmoneytopurchasemoreshops.KeithandKevindecidethattheirbesthopeofsuccessistoformacompany.9Back7834

KeithandKevinareabletointeresttwootherpeopleintheirnewventurewhoarewillingtoinvestabout60,000poundseach.AfterregisteredattheRegistrarofCompanies,SurefitShoesLtd.isformallyestablished,beingaprivatecompanywitha“l(fā)egalentity”.Now,Keith,Kevinandothershareholdershavelimitedliability.APublicCompanyItisnowclearthatSurefitShoesLtd.isverysuccessfulandthetwodirectorsKeithandKevinrealizethatinordertoexpandtheyneedtogo“public”.TheydecidetoapplytotheRegistrarofCompaniestomakeSurefitapubliccompany.

TheStockExchangecarriesoutafullinvestigationofSurefitShoesLtd.andagreestolistSurefit’sshares.FinallySurefitShoesLtdbecomesapubliccompany--SurefitShoesplc.67Back101112589

Nowlikeallotherpubliclimitedcompanies,SurefitShoesplcisownedbytheshareholders,managedbythedirectorsandcontrolledbythoseholdingamajorityofvotingshares.Back1310BackgroundInformation(Theend)BackSoleTrader(獨(dú)立商號):apersonwhoownstheirownbusinessanddoesnothaveapartneroranyshareholders.Partnership(合伙商號):(business)thepositionofbeingoneoftwoormorepeoplewhoownacompanyaspartners.LimitedCompany(有限公司):acompanywhoseownersarelegallyresponsibleforonlyalimitedamountofitsdebts.PublicCompany(上市公司):acompanywhosesharesyoucanbuyonthestockexchange.LanguagePoints1.(Para.1)Soonhefoundhimselfverykeenonretailingandhisfathergavehim,asatwenty-firstbirthdaypresent,60,000poundssothathecouldstartupinbusinessonhisownaccount.

Paraphrase:Withinashorttime,hefoundhimselfveryinterestedinretailing,andhestartedtobuildabusinessallbyhimselfwithhisfather’ssupport.

bekeenon(doing)sth.:beveryinterestedin(doing)sth.

喜愛，渴望e.g.I’mnotkeenoncabbage.我不喜歡吃卷心菜。

Heisdeadkeenonfishing.他酷愛釣魚。Back(Tobecontinued)LanguagePointsstartup:tobringabusiness,organization,orprojectintoexistence創(chuàng)辦，創(chuàng)建e.g.Ifyourfriendsknowthatyou’retryingtostartupabusiness,theycansupportyou.如果朋友們知道你正在努力開始創(chuàng)業(yè)，

他們可以支持你。Billwantstostartupanewbusinesssincehehasgotmoretimenow.由于有了更多的時間，比爾打算創(chuàng)辦新公司。StructureAnalysis:sothathecouldstartupinbusinessonhisownaccount為由sothat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句e.g.Pleaseopenthewindowsothatwecanbreathefreshair.

請打開窗戶讓我們呼吸點新鮮空氣。Back(Tobecontinued)LanguagePointsTranslation:很快，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己十分熱衷于零售業(yè)，而他父親給了他六萬英鎊作為他21歲生日的禮物，以便讓他獨(dú)立創(chuàng)業(yè)。Back(Theend)LanguagePoints2.(Para.3)HedecidedtotradeasSurefitShoes.Paraphrase:HemadeuphismindtodobusinesswiththebrandSurefitShoes.tradeas:tobuy,sell,orexchangegoodsorservicesusingacertainbrand.以…（品牌，形式）進(jìn)行貿(mào)易e.g.SteveJobsdecidedtotradeasiPhone.(Tobecontinued)BackLanguagePoints2.(Para.3)HedecidedtotradeasSurefitShoes.SurefitShoes:基思開設(shè)的商店名稱，英語中并無surefit一詞。商品或商號名稱中不可帶有吹噓自己的字樣，故鞋類商品或商標(biāo)常不宜命名為comfortable,excellent之類。Translation:他決定以“舒飛鞋店”的名稱經(jīng)營。Back(Theend)LanguagePoints3.(Para.7)SoKeithandhisnewpartnerbuythetwoshopsanddrawupapartnershipdeed.drawup:toprepareandwritesomethingsuchasadocumentorplan起草，制訂（文件、計劃等）e.g.Theyagreedtoestablishaworkingpartytodrawupaformalagreement.他們同意成立一個工作組來起草一份正式協(xié)議。

Pleasedrawupthecontractfirst.請先草擬一份合同。(Tobecontinued)BackLanguagePointsdeed:(Law)anofficialdocumentthatgivesdetailsofalegalagreement,especiallyaboutwhoownsabuildingorpieceofland（尤指建筑物或土地的）契約e.g.HeaskedifIhadthedeedstohisfather’sproperty.

他問我是否有他父親財產(chǎn)的各種證書。

Doyouhavethedeedtothehouse?你有這房子的契約嗎?Translation:因此基思和他的新伙伴買了兩個商店，并且起草了一份合作契約。(Theend)BackLanguagePoints(Para.7)Eachpartnerhasunlimitedliability.unlimitedliability:liabilitythatisnotrestrictedtoanyunpaidportionofnominalcapitalinvestedinabusiness無限責(zé)任，指未注冊為有限責(zé)任公司的擁有人，必須對自己的公司債務(wù)負(fù)無限責(zé)任。unlimitedcompany:acompanyhavingnolimitontheliabilityofitsmembers無限公司，指股東負(fù)有無限責(zé)任的公司。(Tobecontinued)BackLanguagePointsunlimited:withnolimitsrelatingtoamount,time,freedometc.e.g.Anunlimitednumberofcopiescanstillbemadefromtheoriginal.無限量的復(fù)制品依然能從原物制作出來。

Ihaveunlimitedpotential.我有無限的潛力。Translation:每位合股人具有無限責(zé)任。(Theend)BackLanguagePoints5.(Para.10)KeithandKevinareabletointeresttwootherpeopleintheirnewventure.Paraphrase:KeithandKevincanmaketwootherpeoplebecomeinterestedintheirnewprojectwhichisatrisk.

interestsb.insth.:makesb.becomeinterestedinsth.

使某人對某事有興趣。e.g.CanIinterestyouinthisquestion?

我可以請你注意一下這個問題嗎?Iwanttointerestyouinournewproject.

我想讓你熱心于我們的新項目。Back(Tobecontinued)LanguagePoints5.(Para.10)KeithandKevinareabletointeresttwootherpeopleintheirnewventure.

venture:aprojectoractivitythatisnew,exciting,anddifficultbecauseitinvolvestheriskoffailure風(fēng)險項目;冒險活動e.g.ItisaRussian-Americanjointventure.

這是一個俄美合資的風(fēng)險項目。Translation:基思和凱文成功地使另外兩人對他們的新機(jī)構(gòu)感興趣。(Theend)BackLanguagePoints6.(Para.10)AfterregisteringattheRegistrarofCompanies,SurefitShoesLtdisestablished,beingaprivatecompanywitha“l(fā)egalentity”.Paraphrase:AfterputtinginformationonanofficiallistattheRegistrarofCompanies,SurefitShoesLtdissetup.Itisaprivatecompanywitha“l(fā)egalentity”.register:toputinformationaboutsomeoneorsomethingonanofficiallist注冊，登記（有關(guān)信息）e.g.Haveyoucometoregisterattheschool?

你到學(xué)校來注冊過了嗎？

Thousandslineduptoregistertovote.數(shù)千人排隊登記投票。Back(Tobecontinued)LanguagePoints6.(Para.10)AfterregisteringattheRegistrarofCompanies,SurefitShoesLtdisestablished,beingaprivatecompanywitha“l(fā)egalentity”.Ltd(ALimitedCompany):acompanywhoseownersarelegallyresponsibleforonlyalimitedamountofitsdebts有限公司，也稱為joint-stockcompanies股份公司?！坝邢蕖敝腹竟蓶|（即股票持有人）的責(zé)任有限。(Tobecontinued)BackLanguagePoints6.(Para.10)AfterregisteringattheRegistrarofCompanies,SurefitShoesLtdisestablished,beingaprivatecompanywitha“l(fā)egalentity”.

establish:tocreatesomethingorintroduceitinsuchawaythatitislikelytolastforalongtime建立，確立e.g.TheUNhasestablisheddetailedcriteriaforwhoshouldbeallowedtovote.聯(lián)合國就誰應(yīng)當(dāng)被允許投票確立了詳細(xì)

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

Translation:在公司注冊處登記后，舒飛鞋業(yè)有限公司成立了，成為一個有法人實體的私營公司。(Theend)BackLanguagePoints7.(Para.11)ThetwodirectorsKeithandKevinrealizethatinordertoexpandtheyneedtogo“public”.

Paraphrase:ThetwodirectorsKeithandKevinrealizethattheyhavetochangetheircompanytoapubliccompanysothattheycouldmaketheirbusinessmoreflourish.

expand:tobecomebiggerandincludemorepeople,goods,oractivities發(fā)展,擴(kuò)大(Tobecontinued)BackLanguagePoints7.(Para.11)ThetwodirectorsKeithandKevinrealizethatinordertoexpandtheyneedtogo“public”.expand:e.g.Thepopularceramicsindustryexpandedtowardthemiddleofthe19thcentury.大眾陶瓷業(yè)在19世紀(jì)中葉得到了發(fā)展。

Wehavetoexpandthesizeoftheimage.我們不得不擴(kuò)大圖像的尺寸。go“public”：由私人公司變?yōu)樯鲜泄綯ranslation:基思和凱文這兩位董事意識到要取得發(fā)展就需要“公開掛牌”。(Theend)BackLanguagePoints8.(Para.11)TheydecidetoapplytotheRegistrarofCompaniestomakeSurefitapubliccompany.Paraphrase:TheymadeuptheirmindtoasktheRegistrarofCompaniesforpermissiontomakeSurefitapubliccompany.applyto:tomakeanofficialrequestforajoboraplaceinacollegeoruniversity,orforpermissiontodoorhavesomething申請(Tobecontinued)BackLanguagePoints8.(Para.11)TheydecidetoapplytotheRegistrarofCompaniestomakeSurefitapubliccompany.applyto:e.g.Thecaptainappliedtoheadquartersforatransfer.

上尉向司令部請求調(diào)動。

Youhavetoapplytothepassportofficeforavisa.

你必須向護(hù)照辦理辦公室申請簽證。Translation:他們決定向公司注冊處提出申請，使舒飛成為一個公營公司。(Theend)BackLanguagePoints9.(Para.12)TheStockExchangecarriesoutafullinvestigationofSurefitShoesLtdandagreestolistSurefit’sshares.Paraphrase:TheStockExchangemakesadetailedresearchonurefitShoesLtdandagreestomakeSurefitapubliccompany.afullinvestigationof：對…進(jìn)行全面調(diào)查

e.g.Thismatterbearsafullinvestigation.這件事情需要全面調(diào)查。

Hehadmadeafullinvestigationofthismatter.Nowonderheknewsomuchaboutit.他對此事做了徹底的調(diào)查，怪不得他了解得那么多。(Tobecontinued)BackLanguagePoints9.(Para.12)TheStockExchangecarriesoutafullinvestigationofSurefitShoesLtdandagreestolistSurefit’sshares.listone’sshares:公司上市e.g.AgriculturalBankofChinaisthelastofChina'sbig-fourstatebankstolistitsshares.農(nóng)行是四大國有銀行中最后一家上市的銀行。Translation:證券交易所對舒飛鞋業(yè)有限公司進(jìn)行了全面調(diào)查，同意其上市。(Theend)BackLanguagePoints10.(Para.13)SurefitShoesplcisownedbytheshareholders,managedbythedirectorsandcontrolledbythoseholdingamajorityofvotingshares.Paraphrase:TheshareholdersownSurefitShoesplc,thedirectorsmanageandthoseholdingmostvotingsharescontrolit.amajorityof：morethanhalf大多數(shù)的，大部分的e.g.Thecandidatewasputinbyamajorityofonethousand.

這個候選人以一千票的多數(shù)當(dāng)選。(Tobecontinued)BackLanguagePoints10.(Para.13)SurefitShoesplcisownedbytheshareholders,managedbythedirectorsandcontrolledbythoseholdingamajorityofvotingshares.votingshares：有表決權(quán)股份Translation:舒飛鞋業(yè)公營公司由股東所有，董事管理，持有多數(shù)股票權(quán)的人控制。(Theend)BackTranslationofText舒飛鞋業(yè)，從個體戶到上市公司Para.1基思·萊利來自于一個相當(dāng)富裕的家庭。大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，他在鞋店做一名助理，很快他就發(fā)現(xiàn)自己對零售業(yè)非常感興趣。他的父親給了他六萬英鎊作為21歲的生日禮物，于是他就用這些錢進(jìn)行獨(dú)自創(chuàng)業(yè)。

Para.2基思的商業(yè)運(yùn)作地非常成功。我們可以借助他的案例來幫助我們理解不同的商業(yè)組織。獨(dú)立商號Para.3基思買下了一家鞋店，并且雇傭了兩名助理。他決定以“舒飛鞋店”的名稱經(jīng)營。BackTranslationofTextPara.4基思是舒飛鞋店唯一的所有人。這是一種典型的獨(dú)立商號的組織形式。如果舒飛鞋店運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好，那么基思將會收益；但如果經(jīng)營不佳,他將承擔(dān)損失。

Para.5在商業(yè)方面，基思顯然有出色的技能，前三年的生意做得非常成功。合伙商號Para.6隨著每年收益的增加，基思非常雄心勃勃，他想通過購買另外兩家鞋店來擴(kuò)展自己的經(jīng)營。他沒有足夠的錢，所以決定成立一個合伙商號。他邀請他的朋友凱文加入這個合伙商號。BackTranslationofText

Para.7基思和他的新合伙人買了這兩家鞋店，并且起草了一份合作契約。一家合伙商號就形成了。兩位合伙人擁有和控制它，同時每個人對其承擔(dān)無限的責(zé)任。

Para.8基思和凱文合作的非常愉快，這三家商店蓬勃發(fā)展，收益頗豐。有限公司Para.9正如我們所見，由舒飛鞋業(yè)經(jīng)營的三家商店運(yùn)營良好。基思和凱文急于在整個英格蘭的西北部拓展他們的業(yè)務(wù)，但實在是沒有足夠的錢去購買更多的商店?；己蛣P文決定他們最大的成功的希望是組建一家公司。BackTranslationofTextPara.10基思和凱文成功吸引了其他兩個人參與他們的新風(fēng)險項目，每個人都愿意投資六萬英鎊左右。在公司注冊處注冊后，舒飛鞋業(yè)有限公司成立了。它是一個有法人實體的私營公司?，F(xiàn)在,基思,凱文和其他股東都對其承擔(dān)有限責(zé)任。上市公司

Para.11現(xiàn)在很清楚,舒飛鞋業(yè)有限公司是非常成功的，兩位董事基思和凱文意識到要想擴(kuò)展經(jīng)營他們必須使公司上市。他們決定向公司注冊處提出上市申請。

Para.12證券交易所對舒飛鞋業(yè)有限公司進(jìn)行了全面調(diào)查后，同意把舒飛鞋業(yè)的股價列入上市證券表。最終，舒飛鞋業(yè)有限公司成為了一個上市公司——舒飛鞋業(yè)股份有限公司。BackTranslationofTextPara.13現(xiàn)在，像其他股份有限公司一樣，舒飛鞋業(yè)公司由股東所有，董事管理，那些持有多數(shù)投票權(quán)的人控制。BackTask11.WhydoesthewritertellusKeith’sstory?

2.AstheSoleTrader,what’sKeith’sroleinSurefitShoes?ComprehensionWorkinpairsandanswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotheText.BecausehewantstohelpusunderstandthevarioustypesofbusinessorganizationexistingbyfollowingKeith’scareer.KeithistheonlyownerofSurefitShoes.BackTask13.Accordingtothetext,what’sthedifferencebetweenapartnershipandalimitedcompany?

4.Whengrowingthebusiness,howmanytimesdidKeithcontacttheRegistrarofCompaniesandwhatfor?ComprehensionApartnershiphasunlimitedliabilityforitspossibledebtswhilealimitedcompanyhaslimitedliability.Twice.Thefirsttime,toregisterSurefitasalimitedcompany.Thesecondtime,toapplytomakeSurefitapubliccompany.BackTask15.AfterbecomingaPublicCompany,howdoestheSurefitShoesplcoperate?ComprehensionSurefitShoesplcisownedbytheshareholders,managedbythedirectorsa