定語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)講解

學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載定語(yǔ)從句：先行詞，關(guān)系詞，從句。定語(yǔ)從句:也叫關(guān)系從句,修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞,或是整個(gè)句子.被修飾的詞叫先行詞,引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)系詞.(關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞).定語(yǔ)從句通常在先行詞之后分類:限制性定語(yǔ)從句,對(duì)先行詞起修飾或限制的作用;非限制性定從句,對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明的作用.一)關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的選用原則）關(guān)系代詞詞行先行詞充當(dāng)成分who人主、賓、表Whom人賓That人&物主、賓、表Which物主、賓、表As物主、賓Whose=ofwhom\ofwhich人&物定語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞When=at\in\on\duringwhich時(shí)間狀Where=at\in\towhich地點(diǎn)狀Why=forwhich原因狀that在口語(yǔ)中可以代替關(guān)系副詞以上三者狀二）選用注意要點(diǎn):1只能用that情況：(1)如果先行詞是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none，few.等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。例如：(2)如果先等詞被all,littlenoneany,only,few,much,no,some,very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which.(3)如果先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾或者先行詞是最高級(jí)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which。(4)如果先等詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which.(5)先行詞有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。而不用who,which.(6)who,which開頭的特殊疑問句中，關(guān)系代詞用that.(7)關(guān)系代詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that.(8)先行詞是奇數(shù)詞或是序數(shù)詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that.(9)當(dāng)主句“therebe“開頭時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞要用that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾該句型的主語(yǔ)。(10)當(dāng)先行詞是“tobe“后面的表語(yǔ)時(shí)關(guān)系代詞用that.2．只能用which的情況非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語(yǔ)用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。those/that+名詞后的定語(yǔ)從句用which引導(dǎo)。不能用關(guān)系代詞that。介詞后只用which4)which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語(yǔ)，也可以作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。5）先行詞是that時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞要用which.。6）關(guān)系代詞后面有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which.三.of+關(guān)系代詞：ofwhom表人，ofwhich表物1)在介詞提前的情況下,當(dāng)先行詞是物時(shí),介詞后只能跟which,當(dāng)先行詞是人時(shí),介詞后面只能是whom,此時(shí)關(guān)系供詞不可能用that,who,也可以省略.2)在含介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中,若介詞與動(dòng)詞分開會(huì)導(dǎo)致意思的變化時(shí),介詞不能提前.ThisistheEnglishdictionarywhichyou'relookingfor.3)當(dāng)先行詞是way時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可能that,inwhich,或者省略.Thisisthewaythat/inwhichhememorizesEnglishwords.四.關(guān)系副詞：1)當(dāng)先行詞時(shí)時(shí)間,并在從句作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),用關(guān)系副詞when.(at,in,on,duringwhich)I'llalwaysrememberthedaywhenIfirstusedE-mailtosendmessagetomyfriendsabroad.2)當(dāng)先行詞時(shí)地點(diǎn),并在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),用where.(in,at,towhich)Thefactorywherehismotherworksisintheeastofthecity3)當(dāng)先行詞是原因,并在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),用關(guān)系副詞why.(forwhich)Weallknowtheresonwhysheislatefortheworktoday..五限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句從句與先行詞的關(guān)系從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，如果省去，主句的意思就會(huì)不完整或不明確。從句只是對(duì)先行詞的附加說明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整標(biāo)

點(diǎn)從句和主句之間不用逗號(hào)分開從句和主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開關(guān)系代詞指人who(that)whom指物which(that)人和物whose關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省去指人who（作主語(yǔ)）whom（做賓語(yǔ)）指物which人和物的whose關(guān)系代詞一般不可省修飾從句只修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞可以修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞也可修飾整個(gè)主句翻譯定語(yǔ)從句譯在被修飾詞的前面定語(yǔ)從句通常被譯成另一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子限制性非限制性形式上無逗號(hào)有逗號(hào)內(nèi)容上先行詞不是唯一的先行詞是唯一的，定語(yǔ)從句可有可無。關(guān)系詞可用that,why.作賓語(yǔ)可以省略不可用that,why。關(guān)系詞一律不省。先行詞名詞或代詞名詞或代詞，也可以使整個(gè)句子漢語(yǔ)翻譯譯作定語(yǔ)譯成并列句定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)1：1.Isthereabararound_____Icanhavesomethingtoeat?A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where2.Thehouse,_____wasdestroyedintheterriblefire,hasbeenrepaired.A.theroofofwhichB.whichroofC.itsroofD.theroof3.Edisonmadealotofinventions,____ofgreatimportance.A.whichIthinkareB.whichIthinktheyareC.whichIthinktheyD.Ithinkwhichare4.I’lltalkaboutanewly-openedmarket______youmaygetall_______youneed.A.inwhich;whichB.where;thatC.where;whatD.which;that5.Canyoulendmethenovel_____theotherday?A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout6.____ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It7.Thefenceinourgarden,_____myfatherbuiltmanyyearsago,haslastedforalongtime.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where8.Whenlostinwork,_____heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingandsleeping.A.whatB.soC.justlikeD.as9.Afootballfan(球迷)is_____hasastronginterestinfootball.A.athingthatB.somethingthatC.apersonwhoD.what10.WetravelledtogetherasfarasChicago,_____wesaidgoodbyetoeachother.A.whichB.whenC.whyD.where11.Thematter_____youwerearguingaboutlastnighthasbeensettled.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.forwhich12.Willyoupleaseshowmethewaytotheonlytallbuilding____standsnearthepostoffice?A.不填B.inwhichC.thatD.where13.Hissisterhadbecomeateacher,______waswhathewantedtobe.A.whoB.whatC.thatD.which14.Withthedevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople____villageItaughtbeforehavelivedahappylife.A.whoB.whoseC.inwhoseD.inwhich15.Ihopeyouwillfindthisvalleyabeautifulplace_____youmayspendyourweekend.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where16.HemustbefromAfrica,____canbeseenfromhisskin.A.thatB.asC.itD.what17.Boththegirlandherdog____werecrossingthestreetwerehitbyacomingcar.A.whichB.whoC.theyD.that18.I,____yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A.whichareB.whichisC.whoisD.whoam19.Isthisjustthecity____theforeignguestswishtopayavisit_____.A.which,toB.towhich,/C.that,toD.tothat,/20.It’soneofthemostinterestingstories___Ihave___readA.which,never B.that,ever C.that,never D.which,ever21.OnmywayhomeinthestreetIsawalady___Ithoughtwasyouraunt.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose22.Irememberthat____tookpartintheballpartyhadawonderfultime.A.allB.allthatC.allwhichD.allwhat23.Thisisthelargestclockintheworld,____theminutehandissixmetreslong.A.thatB.ofwhichC.whichD.whose24.Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,_____kiteflyingspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.A.fromthat B.fromwhere C.fromthere D.fromhere25.____isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.itB.AsC.ThatD.What26.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_____thesailingtimewas226days.（04廣西）A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich27.Iworkinabusiness________almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.（04湖南）A.howB.whichC.whereD.that28.TherewastimeIhatedtogotoschool.（04湖北）A．a(chǎn);that B．a(chǎn);when C．the;that D．the;when29.Therearetwobuildings,standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.（04湖北）A．thelargerB．thelargerofthemC．thelargeronethat D．thelargerofwhich30.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuthesaidit.（04湖北）A．theway B．inthewaythat C．intheway D．thewaywhich31.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%aresoldabroad.（04遼寧）A．ofwhich B．whichof C．ofthem D．ofthat32.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone___theycantalkfrequently.（04上海）A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom33.TheEnglishplay__mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.（04全國(guó)I）Aforwhich Batwhich Cinwhich Donwhich34.Therearealtogetherelevenbooksontheshelf,______fivearemine.（04全國(guó)IV）Aonwhich Binwhich Cofwhich Dfromwhich35.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers______shehadwipedherhands.（04全國(guó)II）Awhere Bwhich Cwhen Dthat36.Luckily,we’dbroughtaroadmapwithout______wewouldhavelostourway.（04北京春季）A.it B.that C.this D.which37.---Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?---Thereisnooneelse__________,isthere?(05北京)A.whototurnto B.shecanturnto C.forwhomtoturn D.forhertoturn38.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,______hewentontoCambridge.（05山東）A.fromwhich B.afterthat C.afterwhich D.fromthis39.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes______peoplewereeatenbythetiger.(05廣東)A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that40.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,shewantedtobe.（05湖北） A．who B．that C．what D．which41.Frank'sdreamwastohavehisownshop__toproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.（05湖南）A.that B.inwhich C.bywhich D.how42.Theplace___thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe___thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.(05江蘇)43.Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs__theyarebeingtrained.(05江西)A．inthat B．forthatC．inwhich D．forwhich44.Ihavemanyfriends,