中國(guó)文化讀寫(xiě)專項(xiàng)：春節(jié)+元宵節(jié)- 高考英語(yǔ)常考中國(guó)文化讀寫(xiě)專練+素材積累

ChapterIITraditionalFestivals傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日Lesson1SpringFestival春節(jié)ThefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonthisregardedastheNewYearoftheChinese–theSpringFestival.ItisthemostimportantandceremonioustraditionalfestivalinChina,justasChristmasDaytothewesterners.

DuringtheSpringFestival,everyfamilyisbusycleaninghouseinthehopeofgettingridofdefilementsandpreventingdiseases.Also,theyneedtopastedoor-god,springfestivalcouplets,andthereversedChinesecharacter"福"(meansblessing),andhangflagsinthehopeofprayingforauspiciousnessintheNewYear.OntheNewYear'sEve,everyfamilyenjoysagranddinner,shootsofffirecrackers,playsdragondanceandliondance,andstaysuplateorallnight.PeoplewillpayaNewYearcalltooneanotherfromthefirstday,anditisnotuntilthe15thdayofthe1stlunarmonth,namely,theLanternFestival,thattheSpringFestivalisended.OntheNewYear'sEve,peopleworkingfarawayfromhomewillmanagetocomeback,regardlessoflong-distancetravel,sothe"GrandDinneronNewYear'sEve"isalsocalled"FamilyReunionDinner".Whateverthefinancialconditionis,everyfamilywillmakethedinnerthemostsumptuousandceremoniousoneintheyear.Hostesseswillfetchoutfoodstuffspreparedinearlytimeandallfamilymemberswillsittogetherandmakedumplingswithhappiness.Attwelveo'clock,whenanewyeardrivesofftheold,everyfamilywillshootofffirecrackerstogreetnewdaysandsendoffoldones.FollowingtheNewYear'sEveisthefirstdayoftheSpringFestival,adayforpayingaNewYearcall(bainian),duringwhichpeoplewillbebusyingivingbestwishestooneanotherbysayingsuchauspiciousphrasesas"HappyNewYear"and"Mayyoubeprosperous",etc.InNewYear'sdays,elderswillputsomemoneyinaredpocket(yasuiqian)andgiveittochildrenasagift.ItisbelievedthatonNewYear'sDayattentionshouldbepaidtoensurenottobreakupanything,orelseonewillmissgoodfortunesinthewholeyear,andthatsweepingthefloorwillsweepoffwealthanddriveawaygoodluck.TraditionalfoodpreparedfortheSpringFestivalvarieswithcustomsindifferentregions.However,thosewithauspiciousnames,meaningsorshapesarefavored,suchas"NewYearCake"(niangaoinChinese,means"higheryear",suggestingbetterfortuneinthenewyear,andhastheshapeofgoldandsilverblocks),dumplings,theshapeofwhichissimilartoingots,suggestingbringinginwealthandtreasure,aswellasfishsymbolizingamassingfortunes.Accordingtohistoryrecords,theSpringFestivalderivesfromgodandancestorworshipsintheShangdynasty.Nowadays,thissuperstitiousmeaninghasfadedawayandisreplacedwithasymbolofunification,happinessandhope.（486words）◆Helper:ceremonious[?ser??m??ni?s]講究禮節(jié)的，正式的，隆重的defilement[di'failm?nt]弄臟，污辱paste[peist]粘貼，張貼springfestivalcouplet春聯(lián)reverse[ri?v?:s]（使）顛倒auspicious[?:?spi??s]有前途的，有希望的sumptuous[?s?mpt?u?s]豪華的,奢侈的foodstuff[?fu:dst?f]食物，食品prosperous[?pr?sp?r?s]繁榮的，興旺的ingot[?i?g?t]（常為磚形的）鑄塊，錠amass[?'m?s]積累，積聚\o"真人發(fā)音"◆ChineseBriefIntroduction:春節(jié)，是農(nóng)歷正月初一，俗稱“過(guò)年”，是農(nóng)歷新年的第一天，即為歲首。一般從臘月二十三的祭灶到正月十五，也有的是從臘月初八的臘祭或臘月廿三、廿四的祭灶，直到正月十五日元宵節(jié)結(jié)束，有些地方甚至延續(xù)整個(gè)正月，但均以除夕和正月初一為節(jié)日的高潮。春節(jié)時(shí)間延續(xù)長(zhǎng)、地域跨度廣，節(jié)日活動(dòng)豐富，是中國(guó)最重要、最隆重，也是歷史最悠久、最熱鬧的、最富有特色的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。春節(jié)是漢民族最重要的節(jié)日。在節(jié)日期間舉行各種慶?；顒?dòng)，這些活動(dòng)大多以祭祀神佛、祭奠祖先、除舊布新、迎禧接福、祈求豐年為主要內(nèi)容?！鬍xercise:I.Questions:1.WhyisChinesecharacter"福"putupside-down?2.WhyisthedinnerontheNewYear'sEvecalled"FamilyReunionDinner"?3.WhatdopeopleoftendoonthefirstdayoftheSpringFestival?4.Whatdoes"NewYearCake"mean?II.Matchthefollowingnumbersofthepictureswiththeirproperletters:(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)A.StayinguptheWholeNightonNewYear'sEveB.SpringFestivalCoupletsC.NewYearpaintingsD.ThePosterBearingtheCharacter"Fu"Paper-cutforWindowDecorationE.PayingNewYearCallsF.SpringFestivalGoodsG.RedpacketsH.GiftMoneytoChildrenI.DinneroftheNewYear'sEveIII.Writtenwork1.一些外國(guó)友人想了解我國(guó)過(guò)春節(jié)的情況。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下面要點(diǎn)寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)短文。1.春節(jié)是中國(guó)的重大節(jié)日。2.節(jié)前人們要大掃除。3.全家人在一起吃年夜飯。4.孩子們會(huì)到壓歲錢(qián)。5.年初一穿新衣服，走親訪友,人們見(jiàn)面時(shí)，相互拜年，祝福大家在新的一年里的好運(yùn)氣。詞數(shù)：120左右2.(2017年11月浙江卷）假定你是李華，得知外教Mr.Hall寒假不回國(guó)，想邀請(qǐng)他到你家過(guò)春節(jié)。

請(qǐng)給他寫(xiě)一封信，內(nèi)容包括：1.

時(shí)間；

2.

一同過(guò)節(jié)的家人；3.

活動(dòng)。注意：1.

詞數(shù)80詞左右；

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)?！鬊lessings:1.GoodluckandgreatsuccessinthecomingNewYear.--------祝來(lái)年好運(yùn)，并取得更大的成就。2.Goodhealth,goodluckandmuchhappinessthroughouttheyear.恭祝健康、幸運(yùn)，新年快樂(lè)。3.OnthisspecialdayIsendyouNewYear'sgreetingsandhopethatsomedaysoonweshallbetogether.在這特殊的日子，向你致以新年的祝福，希望不久我們能相聚在一起。4.PleaseacceptmysincerewishesfortheNewYear.Ihopeyouwillcontinuetoenjoygoodhealth.請(qǐng)接受我誠(chéng)摯的新年祝福，順祝身體健康。5.AllowmetocongratulateyouonthearrivaloftheNewYearandtoextendtoyouallmybestwishesforyourperfecthealthandlastingprosperity.恭賀新禧，祝身體健康、事業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)。6.PleaseacceptourwishesforyouandyoursforahappyNewYear.請(qǐng)接受我們對(duì)你及你全家的美好祝福，祝你們新年快樂(lè)。7.OntheoccasionoftheNewYear,maymywifeandIextendtoyouandyoursourwarmestgreetings,wishingyouahappyNewYear,yourcareergreatersuccessandyourfamilyhappiness.在此新年之際，我同夫人向你及你的家人致以節(jié)日的問(wèn)候，并祝你們新年快樂(lè)、事業(yè)有成、家庭幸福。8.Goodluckintheyearahead!祝吉星高照!9.Mayyoucomeintoagoodfortune!恭喜發(fā)財(cái)!10.Maymanyfortunesfindtheirwaytoyou!祝財(cái)運(yùn)亨通!11.Iwanttowishyoulongevityandhealth!愿你健康長(zhǎng)壽!12.Wishyoujoyatthisholyseason.Wisheveryhappinesswillalwaysbewithyou.恭祝新年吉祥，幸福和歡樂(lè)與你同在。13.Mayeverythingbeautifulandbestbecondensedintothiscard.Sincerelywishyouhappiness,cheerfulnessandsuccess.愿一切最美好的祝福都能用這張賀卡表達(dá)，真誠(chéng)地祝你幸福、快樂(lè)、成功!14.MaythecomingNewYearbringyoujoy,loveandpeace.愿新年為你帶來(lái)快樂(lè)，友愛(ài)和寧?kù)o。15.MaytheNewYearbringmanygoodthingsandrichblessingstoyouandallthoseyoulove!愿新年帶給你和你所愛(ài)的人許多美好的事物和無(wú)盡的祝福!Lesson2LanternFestival元宵節(jié) LanternFestival,alsocalledShangyuanFestival,iscelebratedonJanuary15ofChineselunarcalendar.ItisthefirstfullmoonnightintheChineselunaryear,symbolizingthecomingbackofthespring.LanternFestivalmayberegardedasthelastdayofSpringFestival,thenew-yearfestivalofChina,inotherwords,theSpringFestivaldoesnotenduntiltheLanternFestivalhaspassed.LastingtoLanternFestival,thebusyatmosphereofSpringFestivalonthatdayshowsnewvisionsandamorousfeelings.LanternFestivalisregardedasagooddayforfamilygather-together.AccordingtothefolkcustomofChina,peopleonthatnightwilllightenupfancylanternsandgoouttoappreciatethemoon,setofffireworks,guessriddleswrittenonlanterns,andeatriceglueballstocelebratethefestival.ThetraditionofappreciatinglanternsontheLanternFestivaloriginatesfromtheEasternHanDynasty,whichhasabearingontheintroductionofBuddhismintoChinaatthattime.ItisaBuddhistconventionthatthemonkswouldvisitBuddhistrelicsandlightenuplanternstoshowrespecttoBuddhaonJan.15.Therefore,Emperorsofthatdynasty,whoweredeterminedtopromoteBuddhism,orderedpeopletolightenuplanternsinbothpalacesandtemplesonthatnighttoshowrespecttoBuddha.Additionally,civilianswereallrequestedtohanguplanternsonthatnight,whichiswhythefestivaliscalled"LanternFestival".IntheSongDynasty,thecustomofguessingriddleswrittenonlanternsonLanternFestivalcameintobeingandpeopleatthattimewroteriddlesonpaperstripsandthenpastedthemonthecolorfullanternsforotherstoappreciateandguess.IntheQingDynasty,fireworksweresetofftoaddfun,andtheLanternFestivalbythenwitnessedarecord-breakinggrandoccasion.ThetraditionaldimsumeatenonLanternFestivaliscalled"yuanxiao"(riceglueball)orcommonlycalled"tangyuan".Ameaningoffamilyreunionandhappinessmaybefeltevenonlyfromsuchname.Yuanxiaohasitsappearancemadeintoaballshapeandwhitesugar,sweetenedbeanpaste,sesameasthestuffing.Besides,walnutmeat,nuts,andevenmeatcanbeusedasthestuffingaswell.Apartfromtheboilingmanner,yuanxiaomayalsobepreparedthroughdeepfryingandsteamingmanners.Astimegoesby,theLanternFestivalhasenjoyedmoreandmorecelebratingactivities.Someplacesevenaddtraditionalfolk-customperformancessuchasplayingdragonlantern,LionDancing,stilting,strikinglandboat,doingtheYangko,andstrikingPeaceDrum.TheLanternFestival,atraditionalChinesefestivalwhichhasexperiencedahistoryofover2,000years,isstillverypopularbothathomeandabroad,andanyplacewhereChinesepeoplelivewillwitnessabusyoccasiononthatday.

DuringtheLanternFestival,Valentine'syoungmenandwomenmeetwiththetiming,theLanternFestivalandbecomeChina's"Valentine'sDay."（491words）◆Helper:amorous[??m?r?s]多情的，熱情的fancy[?f?nsi]（構(gòu)思者）奇特的，[美國(guó)俚語(yǔ)]真棒riddle[?ridl]謎語(yǔ)haveabearingon關(guān)系到…，影響到…，有關(guān)Buddhism[?budiz?m]佛教convention[k?n?ven??n]會(huì)議，慣例，習(xí)俗，規(guī)矩monk[m??k]和尚，修道士Buddhistrelics['reliks]舍利Buddha[?b?d?]佛，佛陀，佛像civilian[si?vilj?n]平民，百姓dimsum[?d?m?s?m]點(diǎn)心（中國(guó)食品）sesame['ses?mi]<植>芝麻，脂麻stuffing[?st?f??]填充物，餡stiltstilt]高蹺undergo[??nd?'ɡ??]經(jīng)歷，遭受，承受◆AdditionalVocabularyfortheLanternFestival:riceglueball元宵lions/dragonsdancing舞獅/舞龍guesslanternriddles猜燈謎playcoupletsgame對(duì)對(duì)聯(lián)enjoybeautifullanterns賞花燈exhibitoflanterns燈會(huì)walkingonstilts踩高蹺landboatdancing劃旱船yangko/yanggedance扭秧歌fireworksparty焰火大會(huì)traditionalopera戲曲LanternFestival'stemplefair元宵廟會(huì)◆ChineseBriefIntroduction:每年農(nóng)歷的正月十五日，春節(jié)剛過(guò)，迎來(lái)的就是中國(guó)漢族傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日之一的元宵節(jié)，又稱“上元節(jié)”。正月是農(nóng)歷的元月，古人稱夜為“宵”，所以稱正月十五為元宵節(jié)。其中吃元宵、賞花燈、猜燈謎等是元宵節(jié)幾項(xiàng)重要民間習(xí)俗。元宵賞燈始于東漢明帝時(shí)期，明帝提倡佛教，聽(tīng)說(shuō)佛教有正月十五日僧人觀佛舍利，點(diǎn)燈敬佛的做法，就命令這一天夜晚在皇宮和寺廟里點(diǎn)燈敬佛，令士族庶民都掛燈,以后這種佛教禮儀節(jié)日逐漸形成民間盛大的節(jié)日。該節(jié)經(jīng)歷了由宮廷到民間，由中原到全國(guó)的發(fā)展過(guò)程。元宵節(jié)賞花燈是一個(gè)交誼的機(jī)會(huì)，未婚男女借著賞花燈也順便可以為自己物色對(duì)象，所以元宵節(jié)可以說(shuō)是地道的中國(guó)情人節(jié)?！鬍xercise:I.Questions:1.AccordingtothefolkcustomofChina,whatwillpeopledoonthenightoftheLanternFestival?2.HowdidthecustomofappreciatinglanternsontheLanternFestivalcomeintobeing?3.Doyouknowhowtoprepareyuanxiao?Tellyourfriendshowtoprepareit.4.WhatkindofcelebratingactivitieswillbeheldincelebrationtheLanternFestival?II.Guesslanternriddles1.Whathasamouthandaforkbutnevereats?2.Whathasahandbutcan'tscratchitself?3.Whathasnoskinorbones,yethasfourfingersandathumb?4.Whatpartofawatchwasusedbeforebysomeoneelse?5.Whyisanemptypursealwaysthesame?6.Wherecanyoualwaysfindmoneywhenyoulookforit?7.Whatissomethingthatneverasksanyquestionsbutdemandsagreatmanyanswers?III.Writtenwork元宵節(jié)你要帶你的美國(guó)朋友Tom去街上看活動(dòng),并給他介紹該節(jié)日的一些相關(guān)知識(shí)。你可以根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)作介紹:元宵節(jié)是中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)(traditional)節(jié)日,每年正月十五人們都要舉辦許多活動(dòng),比如吃湯圓、賞花燈、猜燈謎、踩高蹺、舞獅子等。注意:(1)參考詞匯:猜燈謎guessriddles；踩高蹺walkonstilts；舞獅子doliondancing；元宵節(jié)theLanternFestival(2)可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮；詞數(shù):100左右?！鬊lessings:1.元宵節(jié)之際，祝你心中有首快樂(lè)的歌，新年快樂(lè)！WishingyouamerrysonginyourheartatLanternFestivalandblessingsallyearlong！2.在元宵節(jié)來(lái)臨之際，祝你平安，快樂(lè)，幸福。萬(wàn)事圓！Wishingyoupeace,joyandhappinessandeverythingallthebestthroughLantern!3.致以熱烈的祝賀和良好的祝福，元宵節(jié)快樂(lè)！WarmgreetingsandbestwishesforLanternFestival!4.快樂(lè)的元宵之際，謹(jǐn)致我的想念與祝福。ThinkofyouandwishyouaHappyLanternFestival.5.元宵節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)眼又到，快樂(lè)也到！我們向你及你的親人們致以最美好的圣誕祝福，愿你在接下來(lái)的日子里事業(yè)興旺，幸福美滿！ItseemsthatLanternFestivalishereonceagain,anditistimeagaintobringinhappiness.WewishthemerriestofLanternFestivaltoyouandyourlovedones,andwewishyouhappinessandprosperityinthedaysahead!6.愿你元宵節(jié)幸福無(wú)盡。MayLanternFestivalbefilledwithhappinessforyou.SuggestedAnswers1.SpringFestivalI.Questions:1.WhyisChinesecharacter"福"putupside-down?Key:BecausewhenoneseestheChinesecharacter“?！眕utupside-down,hemustbesurprisedtosay“福倒(到)了”.Here“倒”and“到”havethesamepronunciation“dào”inChinesepinyin,whichmeanshappinessiscoming.It'sablessingphrase.2.WhyisthedinnerontheNewYear'sEvecalled"FamilyReunionDinner"?Key:OntheNewYear'sEve,peopleworkingfarawayfromhomewillmanagetocomeback,regardlessoflong-distancetravel,sothe"GrandDinneronNewYear'sEve"isalsocalled"FamilyReunionDinner".3.WhatdopeopleoftendoonthefirstdayoftheSpringFestival?Key:TheypayaNewYearcall(bainian),duringwhichpeoplewillbebusyingivingbestwishestooneanotherbysayingsuchauspiciousphrasesas"HappyNewYear"and"Mayyoubeprosperous",etc.Elderswillputsomemoneyinaredpocket(yasuiqian)andgiveittochildrenasagift.4.Whatdoes"NewYearCake"mean?"NewYearCake",niangaoinChinese,means"higheryear",suggestingbetterfortuneinthenewyear.II.Matchthefollowingnumbersofthepictureswiththeirproperletters:Answers:(1)B(2)D(3)F(4)I(5)A(6)E(7)H(8)G(9)CIII.ReadingandWriting1.SpringFestivalAsyouknow,theSpringFestivalisthemostenergeticandimportantfestivalinChina.Wecelebrateitcheerfully.ItmaytakeplaceinJanuaryorFebruaryandlastsfifteendays.Beforethefestival,Peopleoftendospringcleaning,anddecoratetheirhouses.OntheEveoftheSpringFestival,peoplestudyingorworkinginothercitieswillcomeback.Intheevening,thewholefamilyaresittingtogethertohavesupper,watchtheSpringFestivalprogramsandsetofffirecrackersuntilmidnight.OnthefirstdayoftheNewYear,allthepeople,oldandyoung,especiallychildrenwilldressupandpayavisittotheirfriendsandrelatives.It’scustomsfortheChinesefamiliestohavedumplingsandgivechildrenluckymoney.Whenmeetingeachother,peopleusuallysay“HappyNewyear”toeachotherinordertowishothersgoodluckinthecomingyear.2.DearMr.Hall,I’mwritingtoinviteyouto

cometomyhometo

celebrate

theSpringFestivalonJanuary19.It’s

traditionally

atimefor

familyreunion,somyparentsandmybrotherwillall

bethere.We’ll

makedumplings

togetherand

haveabigdinner.We’llalso

playcardgames

and

watchtheSpringFestivalGalaonTV.Youmayevengetagiftfrommyparents.Ifyou’reableto

come,I’llgoand

pick

you

up

atyourplace.

Best,Li

Hua2.LanternFestivalI.Questions:1.AccordingtothefolkcustomofChina,whatwillpeopledoonthenightoftheLanternFestival?Key:Peopleonthatnightwilllightenupfancylanternsandgoouttoappreciatethemoon,setofffireworks,guessriddleswrittenonlanterns,andeatriceglueballstocelebratethefestival.2.HowdidthecustomofappreciatinglanternsontheLanternFestivalcomeintobeing?Key:ItoriginatesfromtheEasternHanDynasty,whenBuddhismwasintroducedintoChina.ItisaBuddhistconventionthatthemonkswouldvisitBuddhistrelicsandlightenuplanternstoshowrespecttoBuddhaonJan.15.Therefore,Emperorsofthatdynasty,determinedtopromoteBuddhism,orderedpeopletolightenuplanternsinbothpalacesandtemplesonthatnighttoshowrespecttoBuddha.Soitwasthecivilian