06- 備戰(zhàn)2024年高考英語模擬卷（北京專用）（解析版）

備戰(zhàn)2024年高考英語模擬卷（北京專用）黃金卷06（考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）注意事項(xiàng)：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2．回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié),滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分）閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。（2023上·北京·高三校聯(lián)考開學(xué)考試）ItwasanordinarysummerafternoonwhenIfirstfoundoutaboutmygrandpa’s1garden.Thatday,afterschool,insteadofwalkingstraighthome,Idecidedtovisitmygrandpa,wholivedjustafewblocksaway.WhenIgotthere,Isawthefrontdoorwasslightlyopen.Ipusheditopenbutfoundnobody.Curiosityand2mixedwithinmeasIventuredinsideandnoticedthebackdoorwideopen,leadingtoapathI’dnever3before.Thereitwas—abreathtakinggarden,filledwithflowersofallshapesandcolors,greenerystretchingoutasfarasmyeyescouldsee.Iwalked4,marvelingatthebeautifulspectacle.Suddenly,Iheardarustlingsoundfromanearbybush,followedbyasoftandfamiliarvoice.“Ididn’t5youtofindthisplace,mydear,”mygrandpasaid,emergingfrombehindthegreenleaveswithabroadsmile,holdingawateringcan.6bythebeautyofthegarden,Ijuststoodthere,takingintheview.Afterwhatfeltlikeforever,Iasked,“Grandpa,whydidn’tyoutellmeaboutthisplace?”Heshruggedandreplied,“Iwantedittobea7,somethingyoucoulddiscoveronyourown.It’smorespecialthatway,don’tyouthink?”Sincethatday,wewouldspendhoursinthegarden,tendingtotheflowers,sharingstories,andenjoyingeachother’s8.Thatgarden,whichIdiscovered9,becameourplayground,ahavenofpeaceinthemidstofourbustlingcitylives.Lookingbacknow,IrealizethatthegreatestthingIfoundinthatgardenwasnotthebeautifulscenery,butthepreciousmemoriesand10Ibuiltwithmygrandpa.1．A．tiny B．secret C．romantic D．natural2．A．concern B．relaxation C．delight D．excitement3．A．a(chǎn)ppreciated B．doubted C．noticed D．recognized4．A．home B．back C．a(chǎn)way D．further5．A．expect B．hope C．a(chǎn)llow D．tell6．A．Disturbed B．Overwhelmed C．Angered D．Amused7．A．mystery B．gift C．challenge D．wonder8．A．garden B．company C．greeting D．memories9．A．a(chǎn)susual B．inparticular C．onpurpose D．bychance10．A．peace B．balance C．bond D．trust【答案】1．B2．A3．C4．D5．A6．B7．A8．B9．D10．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要寫了一個普通夏日午后，主人公和祖父一起在花園里度過了很多美好的時光，這個花園成為了他們的樂園?；叵肫饋?，主人公意識到在花園里最重要的不是美麗的風(fēng)景，而是與祖父建立的珍貴回憶和情感。1．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)爺爺?shù)拿孛芑▓@時，那是一個普通的夏日午后。A.tiny微小的；B.secret秘密的；C.romantic浪漫的；D.natural自然的。根據(jù)后文“asIventuredinsideandnoticedthebackdoorwideopen，leadingtoapathI'dnever3before.”可知，對于作者來說這是個以前沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)的花園，所以應(yīng)該是秘密花園。故選B。2．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我冒險走進(jìn)去，發(fā)現(xiàn)后門大開著，通向一條我從未注意過的小路時，內(nèi)心交織著好奇和關(guān)注。A.concern關(guān)心；關(guān)注；B.relaxation放松；C.delight高興；D.excitement興奮。根據(jù)前文Curiosity和下文“I’dnever3before”可知，作者以前沒有來過，因此在推開這個門的時候，應(yīng)該是好奇的和關(guān)注的。故選A。3．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.appreciated欣賞；感激；B.doubted懷疑；C.noticed注意到；D.recognized認(rèn)出。根據(jù)后文“Thereitwas—abreathtakinggarden,filledwithflowersofallshapesandcolors,greenerystretchingoutasfarasmyeyescouldsee.(那是一個令人驚嘆的花園，開滿了各種形狀和顏色的花，綠色植物一直延伸到我的眼睛所能看到的地方)”可知，作者在這之前從來沒有注意到這個花園。故選C。4．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我繼續(xù)往前走，驚嘆于這美麗的景象。A.home回家；B.back回來；后邊；C.away離開；D.further更進(jìn)一步。根據(jù)后文“marvelingatthebeautifulspectacle”可知作者應(yīng)該是進(jìn)一步走進(jìn)花園，所以應(yīng)該是walkedfurther。故選D。5．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“親愛的，我沒想到你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這個地方，”爺爺說著，拿著一個噴壺，笑容滿面地從綠葉后面走了出來。A.expect認(rèn)為；預(yù)料；B.hope希望；C.allow允許；D.tell告訴。根據(jù)下文““Iwantedittobea7,somethingyoucoulddiscoveronyourown.It’smorespecialthatway,don’tyouthink?””可知爺爺沒有料到作者會發(fā)現(xiàn)這個地方。故選A。6．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：被花園的美景迷住了，我只是站在那里欣賞風(fēng)景。A.Disturbed打擾；B.Overwhelmed征服；C.Angered激怒；D.Amused消遣；娛樂。根據(jù)后文“Ijuststoodthere,takingintheview”可知作者突然發(fā)現(xiàn)這個園子很美，應(yīng)是被美景所征服。故選B。7．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他聳了聳肩，回答說:“我希望它是一個謎，你可以自己發(fā)現(xiàn)一些東西。這樣更特別，你不覺得嗎?”A.mystery神秘；B.gift禮物；C.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；D.wonder奇跡。根據(jù)后文“somethingyoucoulddiscoveronyourown.It'smorespecialthatway,don’tyouthink?”可知爺爺是想讓作者自己去發(fā)現(xiàn)這個地方，所以是想讓它成為一個謎。故選A。8．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：從那天起，我們總是會在花園里呆上幾個小時，照顧花朵，分享故事，享受彼此的陪伴。A.garden花園；B.company陪伴；C.greeting問候；D.memories記憶。根據(jù)前文“wewouldspendhoursinthegarden,tendingtotheflowers,sharingstories,andenjoyingeachother’s.”可知作者和爺爺會在花園里呆上幾個小時，照料花朵，分享故事，彼此陪伴。故選B。9．考查固定短語辨析。句意：那座花園是我偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的，后來成了我們的游樂場，成了熙熙攘攘的都市生活中的一個寧靜的避風(fēng)港。A.asusual和平常一樣；B.inparticular特別地；C.onpurpose故意地；D.bychance偶然地。根據(jù)前文“Curiosityand2mixedwithinmeasIventuredinsideandnoticedthebackdoorwideopen,leadingtoapathI’dnever3before.”可知作者偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的這個園子。故選D。10．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在回想起來，我意識到我在那個花園里發(fā)現(xiàn)的最偉大的東西不是美麗的風(fēng)景，而是我與爺爺建立的珍貴回憶和紐帶。A.peace平安；B.balance平衡；C.bond紐帶；聯(lián)系；D.trust信任。根據(jù)下文“Ibuiltwithmygrandpa”可知，回想起來，主人公意識到在花園里最重要的不是美麗的風(fēng)景，而是與祖父建立的珍貴回憶和互信關(guān)系。故選C。第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分）A閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。（2023上·北京房山·高三北京市房山區(qū)校考期中）Shakespeare’sbirthplacewasthechildhoodhomeofWilliamShakespeare.Thehousehasbeenexactlyfurnished,andincludesbothoriginalandcopyitemssimilartothosewhichwouldhavebeenthereinthehouse11Shakespearewasachild.Beautifullypaintedclothshangonthewalls,andbrightlycoloredfabrics(織物)filltherooms.Atthebackofthehouseisabeautifulgarden12(contain)manytrees,herbsandflowers13(mention)inShakespeare’splays.【答案】11．when12．containing13．mentioned【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了威廉·莎士比亞童年的家的具體情況。11．考查時間狀語從句。句意：這所房子里的家具都很整齊，包括原版和復(fù)制品，與莎士比亞小時候家里的家具相似。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本空引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，結(jié)合句意可知，本空填when“當(dāng)……時”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。故填when。12．考查非謂語動詞。句意：房子后面是一個美麗的花園，里面有許多莎士比亞戲劇中提到的樹木、草藥和鮮花。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句系動詞為is，故本空用非謂語動詞，且garden與動詞contain“包含”為主動關(guān)系，故此處使用動詞contain的現(xiàn)在分詞containing，作定語，修飾名詞garden。故填containing。13．考查非謂語動詞。句意：房子后面是一個美麗的花園，里面有許多莎士比亞戲劇中提到的樹木、草藥和鮮花。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句系動詞為is，故本空用非謂語動詞，且herbsandflowers與動詞mention“提到”為被動關(guān)系，故此處使用過去分詞mentioned，作定語，修飾herbsandflowers。故填mentioned。B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。（2023上·北京朝陽·高三統(tǒng)考期中）Technologyisconstantlyadvancing.14weimaginedityearsagocannotkeepupwithitspaceofdevelopment.Inthepast,autonomousvehicleswerejustapartofmovies,15thesetechnologiesarenowsuccessfullycomingintobeing.Anautonomouscar,also16(know)asaself-drivingcar,canperformallfunctionsrelatedtoeverydaydrivingandparking.Itisatechnologythatsensestheenvironmentand,uponenteringthedestination,17(find)itswaywithouthumanintervention.【答案】14．How15．but16．known17．finds【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了無人駕駛汽車技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展和功能的強(qiáng)大。14．考查主語從句。句意：我們多年前的想象已經(jīng)跟不上它的發(fā)展步伐。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)名詞性從句作主句的主語，從句中缺少方式狀語，因此應(yīng)用連接副詞how作引導(dǎo)詞，且空處位于句首，how的首字母需大寫。故填How。15．考查連詞。句意：在過去，無人駕駛汽車只是電影的一部分，但這些技術(shù)現(xiàn)在正在成功地成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。前面說明過去無人駕駛汽車仍屬于電影中的場景，還不是現(xiàn)實(shí)，后面說明現(xiàn)在這些技術(shù)已成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，因此前后語義構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，空處應(yīng)用意為“但是”的并列連詞but。故填but。16．考查非謂語動詞。句意：無人駕駛汽車，也被稱為自動駕駛汽車，可以執(zhí)行日常駕駛和停車相關(guān)的所有功能。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空處作Anautonomouscar的非限制性后置定語，know和Anautonomouscar邏輯上是被動關(guān)系，且動作已完成，因此應(yīng)用know的過去分詞形式。故填known。17．考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：這是一種可以感知環(huán)境的技術(shù)，一旦進(jìn)入目的地，就可以在沒有人為干預(yù)的情況下找到自己的路。分析句子可知，空處和senses并列，作that引導(dǎo)的定語從句的謂語，時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，find也應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填finds。C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。（2023上·北京·高三?？计谥校〢sweallknow,themostpopularmartialartstoday18(originate)inAsia.SomeChinesefightingstyleswereinventedover3,000yearsago.Manymartialartswereinvented19peopleneededtodefendthemselvesorprotectothers.Nowadays,peoplelearnmartialartsasaway20(keep)fitorasacompetitivesport,buttheyarestillveryusefulforself-defence.【答案】18．originated19．because20．tokeep【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了武術(shù)的分類、來源以及中國武術(shù)對世界的影響。18．考查時態(tài)。句意：眾所周知，當(dāng)今最流行的武術(shù)起源于亞洲。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，事情發(fā)生在過去，故句子用一般過去時，且主語themostpopularmartialarts與originate“起源于”為主動關(guān)系，故用過去式形式originated，作謂語。故填originated。19．考查原因狀語從句。句意：許多武術(shù)的發(fā)明是因?yàn)槿藗冃枰孕l(wèi)或保護(hù)他人?？蘸蟆皃eopleneededtodefendthemselvesorprotectothers(人們需要自衛(wèi)或保護(hù)他人)”是空前“Manymartialartswereinvented(許多武術(shù)被發(fā)明)”的原因，故此處使用從屬連詞because“因?yàn)椤?，引?dǎo)原因狀語從句。故填because。20．考查非謂語動詞。句意：如今，人們學(xué)習(xí)武術(shù)是為了保持健康或作為一項(xiàng)競技運(yùn)動，但它們對自衛(wèi)仍然非常有用。awaytodosth.意為“做某事的方法”，故keep“保持”用不定式形式tokeep，作way的定語。故填tokeep。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié),38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題;每小題2分,共28分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。A（2023·北京海淀·三模）StudentsapplyingtocollegesthatusetheCommonApplicationshouldhandinanessayof650words.Thatincludestheessaytitle,notes,andanyothertextthatyouincludeintheessay.WhatCanYouAccomplishin650Words?Evenifyoutakeadvantageofthefulllengthavailabletoyou,keepinmindthat650wordsisnotalongessay.It’sroughlytheequivalentofatwo,double-spacedessay.Mostessaystendtobebetweenthreeandeightparagraphsdependingontheapplicant’swritingstyleandessaystrategy.Asyouplanyouressay,youdefinitelywanttokeepthelengthrequirementinmind.Manyapplicantsattempttodotoomuchwiththeiressaysandthenstruggletoeditthemdownto650words.Realizethepurposeofthepersonalstatementisnottotellyourlifestoryortogiveanexhaustiveoverviewofallofyouraccomplishments.Letyourlistofextracurricularactivities,academicrecord,lettersofrecommendation,andsupplementalessaysandmaterialsshowyourrangeofaccomplishments.Thepersonalstatementisnottheplaceforlonglistsorcatalogsofachievement.Towriteanengagingandeffective650wordorshorteressay,youneedtohaveasharpfocus.Narrateasingleevent,orilluminateasinglepassionortalent.Allowenoughspaceforself-reflectionsothatwhateveryourtopicisyouspendatleastsometimetalkingaboutitssignificancetoyou.Again,usetheessaytonarrateanengagingstory.Makesureithighlightssomethingyoucareaboutdeeply,andbesuretoprovideawindowintoyourinterestsorpersonalitythatisn’talreadyobviousfromtherestofyourapplication.AFinalWordAboutEssayLengthWiththeprimaryCommonApplicationessay,youwillneedtocomeinat650wordsorfewer.However,youwillfindthatmostsupplementalessaysontheCommonApplicationhavedifferentlengthguidelines,andcollegesthatdon’tusetheCommonApplicationwillhavedifferinglengthrequirements.Nomatterwhatthecircumstances,makesureyoufollowtheguidelines.Ifanessayshouldbe350words,don’twrite370.Finally,keepinmindthatwhatyousayandhowyousayitisfarmoreimportantthanwhetheryouhave550wordsor650words.Ifyou’vesaidallyouhavetosayin500words,don’ttrytopadyouressaytomakeitlonger.Regardlessoflength,thebestwritingwilltellacompellingstory,provideinsighttoyourcharacterandinterests,andarewrittenwithcrispandengagingprose.21．Accordingtothepassage,whatmightbearightthingtodowhilewritinganessay?A．Totellsomeinterestinglifestories.B．Tolistallthepossibleachievements.C．Toshowtherangeofaccomplishments.D．Tohighlightthefocusofonesingleevent.22．Asfortheessaylength,theapplicant________.A．shouldfollowtheguidelines.B．cansethisorherownlimitaccordinglyC．shouldmakesureitnolessthan650wordsD．canwritemorethan650wordswhennecessary23．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Tostresstheimportanceofessaywriting.B．Tointroducemethodsofwritingagoodessay.C．Toadvertiseawritingcourseforcollegestudents.D．Toremindtheapplicantsofthelengthoftheiressay.【答案】21．C22．A23．D【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了申請大學(xué)的論文的650字應(yīng)該寫什么，以及文章的具體長度是什么。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Letyourlistofextracurricularactivities,academicrecord,lettersofrecommendation,andsupplementalessaysandmaterialsshowyourrangeofaccomplishments.Thepersonalstatementisnottheplaceforlonglistsorcatalogsofachievement.(讓你的課外活動清單、學(xué)術(shù)記錄、推薦信、補(bǔ)充文章和材料顯示你的成就范圍。)”可知，寫論文時，你需要顯示出你的成就范圍，故選C。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章AFinalWordAboutEssayLength部分“Nomatterwhatthecircumstances,makesureyoufollowtheguidelines.Ifanessayshouldbe350words,don’twrite370.(不論在什么情況下，都要確保遵守準(zhǔn)則。如果一篇文章應(yīng)該是350字，就不要寫370字。)”可知，關(guān)于論文的長度，申請者需要遵守準(zhǔn)則，故選A。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“StudentsapplyingtocollegesthatusetheCommonApplicationshouldhandinanessayof650words.(申請使用通用應(yīng)用程序的大學(xué)生應(yīng)該要提交一篇650字的論文。)”以及后文的兩個小標(biāo)題“WhatCanYouAccomplishin650Words?(在650字內(nèi)，你應(yīng)該寫什么？)”“AFinalWordAboutEssayLength(論文長度的最終提示。)”可知，本篇文章主要介紹了論文的長度限制，故文章的目的在于提醒申請者所寫論文的長度，故選D。B（2023上·北京朝陽·高三統(tǒng)考期中）BrianPetersonhadjustmovedtoCalifornia.Outsidehisapartment,ahomelessmanwasoftenshoutingonthestreetcorner,sometimeskeepinghimawakeatnight.Petersonwouldpasstheguyonhiswaytowork,buttheyneverspoke.Oneday,PetersonwasreadingthebookLoveDoeswhenhewasdisturbedbythehomelessman.Inspiredbythebook’scompassionate(有同情心的)message,Petersonmadeanunexpecteddecision:Hewasgoingtogooutsideandintroducehimself.ThehomelessmanwasMattFaris.He’dmovedtoCaliforniatopursueacareerinmusic,butheendeduplivingonthestreet.“Itwasthestrangestthingtome,”Petersonrecalled.“Isawbeautyonthefaceofamanwhohadn’tshavedortakenashowerinprobablyayear.Buthisstoryinspiredme.”AndeventhoughPeterson,anartschoolgraduate,hadn’tpaintedinabouteightyears,heaskedifhecouldpaintFaris’sportrait(肖像).Farissaidyes.ThisexperienceledPetersontoformFacesofSantaAna,anon-profitorganizationfocusedonbefriendingandpaintingportraitsofunhousedpeople.Petersonsellstheportraits,puttingtheincomeintowhathecallsa“l(fā)oveaccount”forhismodel.Hethenhelpspeopleusethemoneytogetbackontheirfeet.ManyofPeterson’snewfriendsusethedonationstosecureimmediatenecessities—medicalcare,hotelrooms,andfood.Farisusedthefundsfromhisportraittorecordanalbum(專輯),realizinghismusicaldreams.Anothersubject,Sondoval,whohadneverbeenabletofinanciallysupportherdaughter,usedthemoneytopayherdaughter’srent.SinceFacesofSantaAnawasestablished,Petersonhaspainted41ofalltheportraits.Butthere’smoretothefinishedproductsthanthemoneytheybringtosomeonewho’sdownandout.He’sdiscoveredthatthebuyerstendtoconnecttothestoryofthepersoninthepainting,findingsimilaritiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonetheymighthaveotherwisestereotyped(持固有觀念)oroverlooked.“Peopleoftentellme,‘Iwastheonethatwouldcrossthestreet.ButIseehomelesspeopledifferentlynow,’”Petersonsays.“Ididn’tknowthatwouldhappen.”24．HowdidPetersonfeelaboutthehomelessmanafterreadingthebook?A．Annoyed. B．Amazed. C．Concerned. D．Confused.25．AftertalkingwithFaris,Petersondecidedto______.A．payforhisrent B．recordanalbumC．gotoanartschool D．painthisportrait26．HowdidPetersonhelpthehomeless?A．Hefoundedanon-profitorganization. B．Heboughtimmediatenecessitiesforthem.C．Hedonatedmoneytorelatedorganizations. D．Hetaughtthemhowtorealizetheirdreams.27．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Prejudiceblocksdreams. B．Wealthcanmakepeoplewise.C．Sympathycanbreakstereotypes. D．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.【答案】24．C25．D26．A27．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了藝術(shù)家BrianPeterson如何通過肖像畫幫助無家可歸的人并改變他們的生活的感人故事。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Oneday,PetersonwasreadingthebookLoveDoeswhenhewasdisturbedbythehomelessman.Inspiredbythebook’scompassionate(有同情心的)message,Petersonmadeanunexpecteddecision:Hewasgoingtogooutsideandintroducehimself.(一天，Peterson正在讀《愛的力量》，這時他被一個流浪漢打擾了。受到書中富有同情心的信息的啟發(fā)，Peterson做了一個意想不到的決定：他要出去介紹自己)”可知，Peterson之前一直對流浪漢的存在感到困擾，而讀完這本書，他受到了書中同情心理念的影響，決定走出去向流浪漢介紹自己，并最終幫助了流浪漢。由此可知，當(dāng)Peterson讀完書后，他對流浪漢充滿擔(dān)憂。故選C。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段““Itwasthestrangestthingtome,”Petersonrecalled.“Isawbeautyonthefaceofamanwhohadn’tshavedortakenashowerinprobablyayear.Buthisstoryinspiredme.”AndeventhoughPeterson,anartschoolgraduate,hadn’tpaintedinabouteightyears,heaskedifhecouldpaintFaris’sportrait(肖像).Farissaidyes(“這對我來說是最奇怪的事情，”Peterson回憶說?！拔以谝粋€大概一年都沒刮胡子、沒洗澡的男人臉上看到了美。但他的故事激勵了我。”盡管畢業(yè)于藝術(shù)學(xué)院的Peterson已經(jīng)有八年沒有畫過畫了，但他還是問能不能畫一下Faris的肖像。Faris答應(yīng)了)”可知，Peterson和Faris交流之后，決定為他畫一幅肖像畫。故選D。26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“ThisexperienceledPetersontoformFacesofSantaAna,anon-profitorganizationfocusedonbefriendingandpaintingportraitsofunhousedpeople.(這段經(jīng)歷促使Peterson成立了“FacesofSantaAna”，這是一個非營利組織，致力于幫助無家可歸的人，并為他們畫肖像)”可知，為了幫助無家可歸的人，Peterson成立了一個非營利組織。故選A。27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“He’sdiscoveredthatthebuyerstendtoconnecttothestoryofthepersoninthepainting,findingsimilaritiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonetheymighthaveotherwisestereotyped(持固有觀念)oroverlooked.(他發(fā)現(xiàn)，買家傾向于與畫中人物的故事聯(lián)系起來，找到相似之處，往往與他們原本可能刻板印象或忽視的人建立友誼)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，通過畫肖像，Peterson幫助無家可歸的人打破了人們的固有觀念，讓他們感到被尊重和欣賞。由此推知，這所有的一切都是源于Peterson最初對流浪漢的同情心。故選C。C（2023上·北京朝陽·高三統(tǒng)考期中）“WhenIstoppedinatourlocaltourismofficeinMontrealtoaskwheretheywouldrecommendvisitorstogotosmell,taste,andlistentothecity,Ijustreceivedblankstares.Theyonlyknowaboutthingstosee,notaboutthecity’sothersensoryattractions,itssoundmarksandsmellmarks,”saysHowes,thedirectorofSensoryStudies,agrowingfieldoftenreferredtoas“sensoryurbanism”.Aroundtheworld,researcherslikeHowesareinvestigatinghownon-visualinformationdefinesthecharacterofacityandaffectsitslivability.Usingmethodsrangingfromlow-techsoundwalkstodatacollecting,wearables(clothingorglassesthatcontaincomputertechnology),andvirtualreality,they’refightingwhattheyseeasalimitingvisualpreferenceinurbanplanning.“Justbeingabletocloseyoureyesfor10minutesgivesyouatotallydifferentfeelingaboutaplace,”saysOguz?ner,anacademicandmusician.HehasspentyearsorganizingsoundwalksinIstanbulwhereparticipantsdescribewhattheyhearatdifferentspotswiththeireyescovered.Hisresearchhasidentifiedlocationswhereawaveorgancouldbeconstructedtostrengthenthesoundsofthesea,somethinghewassurprisedtorealizepeoplecouldhardlyhear,evenalongthewaterfront.Althoughhisfindingshavenotbeenconsideredintolocalurbanplansyet,thiskindofindividualfeedback(反饋)aboutthesensoryenvironmentisalreadybeingputtouseinBerlin,wherequietareasidentifiedbycitizensusingafreemobileapphavebeenincludedinthecity’slatestnoiseactionplan.Thebestwaytodeterminehowpeoplereacttodifferentsensoryenvironmentsisasubjectofsomedebatewithinthefield.Howesandhiscolleaguesareusingobservationandinterviewstodevelopasetofbestpracticesforgoodsensorydesigninpublicspaces.Otherresearchersaregoingmorehigh-tech,usingwearablestotrackbiologicaldatalikeheart-ratevariabilitytorevealdifferentsensoryexperiences.Asdatacollectionaboutpeople’ssensoryexperiencesbecomesmorewidespread,manyoftheseexpertswarnthatconcernsaboutprivacyandsurveillance(監(jiān)視)needtobetakenintoaccount.Issuesoffairnessandinclusionalsocomeintoplaywhendeterminingwhosesensoryexperiencesarefactoredintoplanning.“Sensoryawarenessisnotindependentorsimplybiological;whetherwefindsomethingpleasantornothasbeenshapedculturallyandsocially,”saysMonicaDegen,anurbanculturalsociologistatBrunelUniversityLondon.DegencitestheexampleofaLondonneighborhoodwhereinexpensiverestaurantsforlocalyouthwerereplacedbytrendycafes.“Itusedtosmelllikefriedchicken,”shesays,butnewerresidentsfoundthatsmellannoyingratherthanwelcoming.“NowitsmellslikethepopularItaliancoffee,cappuccinos.”28．Theunderlinedphrase“blankstares”inParagraph1impliesthat______.A．MontrealislackinginvisualappealB．Montreal’snon-visualinformationisignoredC．thetourismofficersobjecttosensoryurbanismD．therearetoomanytouristattractionstorecommend29．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Manymethodsareusedtolimitthevisualpreference.B．Potentialconcernsaboutcollectingdatacanberelieved.C．Peoplemayfailtonoticesoundattractionseveninbetterlocations.D．Individualfeedbackrestrictsthedevelopmentofsensoryenvironment.30．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．People’sperceptionsoftheirsensorysurroundingsaresubjective.B．Sensoryurbanismneedstofocusondevelopingsensoryfacilities.C．Sensoryexperienceisdominantinshapingthecharacterofacity.D．Choicesofsensoryattractionsinurbanplanningdependontourists.【答案】28．B29．C30．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章通過介紹研究者們?nèi)绾慰紤]城市中的感官體驗(yàn)來探討城市規(guī)劃中的一些新趨勢和挑戰(zhàn)。同時，文中也引用了多位專家的觀點(diǎn)和案例來支持作者的立論。28．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞組下文“Theyonlyknowaboutthingstosee,notaboutthecity’sothersensoryattractions,itssoundmarksandsmellmarks,”saysHowes,thedirectorofSensoryStudies,agrowingfieldoftenreferredtoas“sensoryurbanism”.(“他們只知道看的東西，不知道城市的其他感官景點(diǎn)，它的聲音和氣味，”感官研究主任豪斯說。感官研究是一個不斷發(fā)展的領(lǐng)域，通常被稱為“感官城市主義”)”可知，很多人忽略了城市的其他感官景點(diǎn)，它的聲音和氣味，因此當(dāng)我在蒙特利爾當(dāng)?shù)氐穆糜无k公室停下來，詢問他們會推薦游客去哪里聞、嘗、聽這座城市的聲音時，我得到的只是茫然的目光。由此可知，劃線詞組blankstares是“茫然的目光”之意，意味著“蒙特利爾的非視覺信息被忽略了”。故選B項(xiàng)。29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“HehasspentyearsorganizingsoundwalksinIstanbulwhereparticipantsdescribewhattheyhearatdifferentspotswiththeireyescovered.Hisresearchhasidentifiedlocationswhereawaveorgancouldbeconstructedtostrengthenthesoundsofthesea,somethinghewassurprisedtorealizepeoplecouldhardlyhear,evenalongthewaterfront.(多年來，他一直在伊斯坦布爾組織“聲音漫步”活動，參與者蒙著眼睛描述他們在不同地點(diǎn)聽到的聲音。他的研究已經(jīng)確定了可以建造波浪風(fēng)琴的地點(diǎn)，以增強(qiáng)海浪的聲音，他驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使在海濱，人們也幾乎聽不到海浪的聲音)”可推知，即使在更好的地方，人們也可能不會注意到聲音的吸引力。故選C項(xiàng)。30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Issuesoffairnessandinclusionalsocomeintoplaywhendeterminingwhosesensoryexperiencesarefactoredintoplanning.“Sensoryawarenessisnotindependentorsimplybiological;whetherwefindsomethingpleasantornothasbeenshapedculturallyandsocially,”saysMonicaDegen,anurbanculturalsociologistatBrunelUniversityLondon.(公平性和包容性的問題也在決定誰的感官體驗(yàn)被納入規(guī)劃時發(fā)揮了作用?！案泄僖庾R不是獨(dú)立的，也不是簡單的生物；我們是否覺得某件事令人愉快，是由文化和社會塑造的，”倫敦布魯內(nèi)爾大學(xué)(BrunelUniversityLondon)的城市文化社會學(xué)家莫妮卡·德根(MonicaDegen)說)”可推知，人們對感官環(huán)境的感知是主觀的。故選A項(xiàng)。D（2023上·北京豐臺·高三統(tǒng)考期中）Wehumansareintrouble.Wehaveletlooseanewevolutionaryprocessthatwedon’tunderstandandcan’tcontrol.Thelatestleapsforwardinartificialintelligence(AI)arerightlycausinganxiety.YetpeoplearerespondingasthoughAIisjustonemorescarynewtechnology,likeelectricityorcarsoncewere.Weinventedit,theargumentgoes,soweshouldbeabletomanageitforourownbenefit.Notso.Ibelievethatthissituationisnewandpotentiallydangerous.Mythinkingstartsfromthepremisethatalldesignanywhereintheuniverseiscreatedbytheevolutionaryalgorithm(算法).Thisistheprocessinwhichsomekindofinformationiscopiedmanytimes,thecopiesvaryslightlyandonlysomeareselectedtobecopiedagain.Theinformationiscalledthereplicator(復(fù)制者),andourmostfamiliarexampleisthegene.Butgenesaren’ttheonlyreplicator,asRichardDawkinsstressedinTheSelfishGene.Peoplecopyhabits,stories,words,technologiesandsongs;wechange,recombineandpassthemoninevergreatervariety.Thissecondreplicator,evolvingmuchfasterthangenesevercould,Dawkinscalledmemes(模仿傳遞行為)—andtheyareselfishtoo.AswefaceuptotherecentexplosioninAI,newquestionsarise.Couldathirdreplicatortakeadvantageofthefirsttwo?Andwhatwouldhappenifitdid?Forbillionsofyears,alloftheEarth’sorganismsweregenemachines,until,about2millionyearsago,justonespecies—ourancestors—startedimitatingsounds,gesturesandwaysofprocessingfood.Theyhadletlooseasecondreplicatorandturnedusintomememachines.Followingthesameprinciple,couldathirdreplicatorappearifsomeobjectwemadestartedcopying,varyingandselectinganewkindofinformation?Itcould,andIbelieveithas.Ourdigitaltechnologycancopy,storeandspreadvastamountsofinformationwithnear-perfectaccuracy.Whilewehadmostlybeentheonesselectingwhattocopyandshare,thatischangingnow.Mindlessalgorithmschoosewhichadsweseeandwhichnewsstoriesthey“think”wewouldlike.Onceadigitalreplicatortakesoff,itsproductswillevolveforitsownbenefit,notours.Allisnotlost,though.Wealreadycopewithfast-evolvingparasitessuchasvirusesbyusingourimmunesystems,machinesandvaccines.Now,weneedtobuildourcollectivementalimmunity,ourcriticalthinkingandourabilitytoprotectourattentionfromallthatselfishinformation.Takinglessonsfromevolution,wecanstopimaginingwearethecontrollersofouraccidentallydangerousoffspringandstartlearninghowtolivewiththem.31．Asforpeople’sattitudetowardAI,theauthoris____________.A．disapproving B．unconcernedC．sympathetic D．tolerant32．Accordingtothepassage,RichardDawkinsmayagreethat____________.A．memesarecomposedofselfishgenes B．thespeedofevolutionisunderestimatedC．replicatorsvarywithhumaninterference D．memesandgenesshareacommonfeature33．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Technologiescanbedouble-edged.B．Collectiveeffortsmakeabetterworld.C．Weshouldliveinharmonywithnature.D．Pastexperienceisrelevanttofutureaction.34．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Thepaceoftechnologicalprogressisunstoppable.B．Theinitiativeofalgorithmshouldbestrengthened.C．Thenewevolutioncanbringaboutnegativeeffects.D．Theartificialintelligencecansatisfyourrealdesires.【答案】31．A32．D33．D34．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。作者在文中探討了人工智能的最新發(fā)展所帶來的焦慮和人類的應(yīng)對辦法。31．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“YetpeoplearerespondingasthoughAIisjustonemorescarynewtechnology,likeelectricityorcarsoncewere.Weinventedit,theargumentgoes,soweshouldbeabletomanageitforourownbenefit.Notso.Ibelievethatthissituationisnewandpotentiallydangerous.(然而，人們的反應(yīng)似乎是，人工智能只不過是又一項(xiàng)可怕的新技術(shù)，就像曾經(jīng)的電力或汽車一樣。這種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，我們發(fā)明了它，所以我們應(yīng)該能夠?yàn)榱俗约旱睦鎭砉芾硭?。不是這樣的。我認(rèn)為這種情況是新的，而且有潛在的危險。)”可知，人們認(rèn)為人工智能與曾經(jīng)的電力或汽車一樣，不會給人類帶來威脅，但作者并不贊成這一觀點(diǎn)。故選A項(xiàng)。32．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Butgenesaren’ttheonlyreplicator,asRichardDawkinsstressedinTheSelfishGene.Peoplecopyhabits,stories,words,technologiesandsongs;wechange,recombineandpassthemoninevergreatervariety.Thissecondreplicator,evolvingmuchfasterthangenesevercould,Dawkinscalledmemes(模仿傳遞行為)—andtheyareselfishtoo.(但正如理查德·道金斯在《自私的基因》中強(qiáng)調(diào)的那樣，基因并不是唯一的復(fù)制因子。人們復(fù)制習(xí)慣、故事、文字、技術(shù)和歌曲；我們改變、重組并以更大的變化將它們傳遞下去。第二種復(fù)制因子，進(jìn)化得比基因快得多，道金斯稱之為模因——它們也很自私。)”可知，理查德·道金斯認(rèn)為基因和模因都很很自私。所以他會贊同“基因和模因有一個共同的特征”這一說法。故選D項(xiàng)。33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Wealreadycopewithfast-evolvingparasitessuchasvirusesbyusingourimmunesystems,machinesandvaccines.Now,weneedtobuildourcollectivementalimmunity,ourcriticalthinkingandourabilitytoprotectourattentionfromallthatselfishinformation.Takinglessonsfromevolution,wecanstopimaginingwearethecontroll