05- 備戰(zhàn)2024年高考英語模擬卷（新高考II卷專用）（解析版）

備戰(zhàn)2024年高考英語模擬卷（新高考II卷專用）黃金卷05注意事項：1．本試題滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘；2．考生答題前請在規(guī)定位置填寫姓名、班級、考號等相關(guān)信息，在答題卡上正確填涂準(zhǔn)考證號（或粘貼條形碼）并仔細核對自己的信息；3．選擇題請用2B鉛筆在答題卡對應(yīng)的位置準(zhǔn)確填涂，非選擇題請用0.5mm黑色字跡簽字筆在答題卡的非選擇題區(qū)域作答。在本試卷及草稿紙上作答，答案無效；4．考試結(jié)束后，本試題、答題卡、草稿紙一并收回，請勿帶出考場。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題，每段對話僅讀一遍。1．Wherearethespeakers?A．Inacar. B．Atabusstop. C．Onabus.【答案】C【原文】W:Oh,Iforgottogetoff.M:Relax,Jane.Oncethisbusleftthestop,itwasn’tgoingtostopuntilthenextstop...Sitandrelax.Ihaveplentyofstoriestotellyou.2．Howmuchwillthewomanpaytorentthecar?A．200dollars. B．210dollars. C．240dollars.【答案】C【原文】M:WelcometoCarsRentalCompany.WhatcanIdoforyou?W:Ineedtorentacarforeightdays.Whatareyourrates?M:30dollarsaday.3．Whatistheman?A．Aheadmaster. B．Adoctor. C．Astudent.【答案】B【原文】W:Whydidn’tyougotoJimmy’sgraduationparty?M:Well,Icouldhavegone.ButIreceivedacallonthewayandapatientneededanimmediateoperation.4．Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Inaclassroom. B．Inarestaurant. C．Inabookstore.【答案】C【原文】M:Excuseme,I’dliketoexchangethebook.W:I’msorry.Thebookwillnotbeexchangedunlessithasqualityproblems.M:Well,Ifoundthatsomepagesweremissing.5．Howdoesthemanusuallygotowork?A．Bycar. B．Bybike. C．Bytaxi.【答案】B【原文】W:Harry,whereareyouworking?Inasteelfactory?M:No,Iserveasasecretaryinabigcompany.W:Howdoyougotowork?Bycarorbybus?M:Usuallybybike,butItakeataxiwhentheweatherisbad.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．WhyisthemangoingtoVietnam?A．Totravel. B．Towork. C．Tostudy.7．Whatdoesthemanknowaboutspidersfromthehandbooks?A．Theyhavekilledplentyoftourists.B．Theyareofteneatenbyotheranimals.C．Theyliketomaketheirwebseverywhere.【答案】6．B7．C【原文】M:I’llgotothecountrysideofVietnamtobuildabridge.Ihavetoreadthesesafetyhandbooks.W:Whataretheyabout?M:Well,therearelotsofdangerousanimalsinVietnam.ThisonetellsmewhattodoifIgetbittenbyaworm.W:Aretherelotsofspiders?M:Yes.Andtheyliketomaketheirwebseverywhere,soyoualwaysneedtocheckinsideyourshoes.W:Ireadaboutonespiderthatmadeitswebinahotel.Anditevenkilledatouristinthehotelroom.M:Don’tworry.I’llbeverycarefulwhilestayingthere.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8．Whereistheapartment?A．Outsidethetown. B．Inthecenterofthepark. C．Inthecenterofthetown.9．Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A．Toconsultaboutanapartment.B．Todecorateanapartment.C．Tosellanapartment.【答案】8．C9．A【原文】M:Hello.I’mcallingabouttheapartment.Whereisit?W:It’sinthecenterofthetown,nexttoapark.M:Wouldyoupleasesaymoreaboutit?W:Itisonthesixthfloorandhasagreatview.Therearetwobedroomsandonebathroom.Therentis100dollarsaweek.M:Itsoundsnice.WhencanIseeit?W:Ihavesomethingimportanttodealwithinthemorning.I’llbefreethisafternoon.Youcanseeitafter4:00pmifyoulike.聽第8段材料，回答第10至13題。10．Howdidtheman’sgrandpafeelwhenfirstusingthecomputer?A．Excited. B．Frightened. C．Disappointed.11．Whatmainlymadetheman’sgrandpalearntousethecomputer?A．Playgames. B．Watchlivematches. C．Doonlineshopping.12．Whodoesthegrandpachatwithonline?A．Hiscustomers. B．Hisfriends. C．Hisformercolleagues.13．Whatwillthewomandonext?A．Gobackhome. B．Goabroad. C．Visithergrandpa.【答案】10．B11．C12．B13．A【原文】W:Luke,Ican’tbelieveyourgrandpaknowshowtousethecomputer.M:Ittookmealongtimetoteachhim.Ionlylethimplaywithmyoldcomputeratfirst.Thefirsttimeheusedit,thecomputercrashed,anditscaredhimwhenthecomputerturnedcompletelyblue.W:Oh,that’sadisaster.ButIsawhimplayingyournewcomputer.M:Yes.Heknowsenoughaboutthecomputernow.Sothere’snothingtoworryabout.W:Whydoeshewanttoplaythenewtechnique?Isitforvideochattingwithfamily?M:Farfromthat.Hewantstoseesomelivematches,playgamesandchatwithhisfriendsforawhile.Mostimportantly,hewantstobuythingsonlinelikewedo.W:That’sagoodthing.I’mgoinghomenow.M:Why?Itisstillearly.W:Yeah,butIwanttoteachmymomtousethesmartphonethisevening.SoIcanseeherfaceandhearhervoicewhenI’mabroad.M:OK.Seeyoutomorrow.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14．Howdoesthemanfeelabouthisgrade?A．Itwassatisfying. B．Itwasdisappointing. C．Itwasanimprovement.15．Whatdoesthemanwanttoknow?A．Howtodealwithstress.B．Howtowriteapaper.C．Howtoquitschool.16．Whatwillthemandotonight?A．Watchamovie. B．Haveagoodrest. C．Gotothewoman’shouse.17．What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Teacherandstudent. B．Motherandson. C．Friends.【答案】14．B15．A16．B17．C【原文】M:WhatwouldyousayifItoldyouIwasgoingtoquitschool?W:I’dsaythinktwiceaboutit.Well,youarenotgoingtoquitschool,areyou?M:Idon’tknow.Ifailedmyexam.W:Whatdidyouget?M:B.W:That’snotbad.M:ButIshouldhavedonebetter.ImeanIfinishedthepapersoquickly,thinkingit’sapieceofcake.ButwhenIknewmyresult,Iwaslike:what?thatcan’tbetrue.W:Listen,John.Iunderstandyouaresuchanexcellentstudent.AndIknowyoumusthavelotsofstress.Butyoureallywanttogiveup?M:No,Idon’t.Ijustdon’tknowhowtohandlethis.Thisismyfirsttime,youknow.W:Iknow.Don’tworry.Youneedtoletoffsomesteam(減壓).Theworldisnotonyourshoulder.M:How?W:Forgetaboutschoolandexams.Comeovertomyhouseandhavefun.IhavesomereallygoodDVDs.M:Thanks.ButIreallydon’tfeellikewatchingmoviestonight.Ihavetogetanearlystartinthemorning.W:Thengotobedandhaveagoodsleep.M:Iguessthat’swhatIneed.Thanks.Youarebeingarealfriend.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18．WhodesignedBigBen?A．QueenElizabeth. B．BenjaminHall. C．AugustusPugin.19．Howmanystepsarethereinthetower?A．150. B．334. C．433.20．Whywasthetowerclosed?A．Tomakerepairs.B．TomarkQueenElizabeth’sruling.C．TowelcometheOlympicGames.【答案】18．C19．B20．A【原文】BigBenisthenameofthelargebellinsidetheElizabethTowerinLondon,England.ThetowerwasoriginallycalledClockTowerbutthenamewaschangedin2012,namedafterQueenElizabethIItomark60yearsofherbeingtheruler.BigBenanditstowerareover150yearsold,anditisoneofthemostfamoussitesintheBritishcapitalcity.ItwasdesignedbyarchitectAugustusPuginandbuiltin1859.Itis96meterstall,andhas334stepsfromthegroundtothetop.ItisbelievedthebellisnamedafterengineerBenjaminHall,whowasinchargeoftheconstruction.In2012BigBencouldbeheard30timeswelcomingthe30thOlympicGamestoLondon.Thetowerwasclosedin2017inorderforanumberofrepairstobemade.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AVolunteerbysupportingalocalanimalrescuecenterinCostaRicaIfyoulikeanimalsandarealsointerestedinpreservingtheenvironment,youwillbeperfectforthisprogram.Youwillbehelpingoutinandsupportingalocalanimalshelter.Notonlydoesthissheltertakeinhomelessanimals,butalsowildanimalswhichareinbadcondition.Inadditiontothecaretakingoftheanimals,volunteershelpuswelcomevisitorsattheentranceandansweranyquestionsthatvisitorsmayhaveabouttheshelteroritsanimals.Asvolunteersspendmoredaysintheshelter,knowledgeaboutwildlifemanagementwillgrow.Requirements＊Youneedtobeatleast15yearsoldontheprogramstartdateatthehighschoollevelorabove.＊SpeakingEnglishisabasicrequirement.＊Norestrictionsonnationality.HelpinghandsbothinCostaRicaandbeyondarewelcome.＊Yourhelpinghandwillberequiredfrom09:00to15:00onMonday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,SaturdayandSunday.Programfees＊Bookingpayments(15%):Thebookingpaymentissimplytoreserveyourvolunteerplacement.PaymentismadebyPayPal.Youcanalsopayusingacreditcard.＊Finalpayments(85%):YourfinalpaymentwillbeagreedwithVolunteerNowCostaRicaduringtheapplicationprocess.21．Whatcanavolunteerdointherescuecenter?A．Communicatewithvisitors. B．Gettrainedtoplaceanimals.C．Givelecturesaboutanimals. D．Searchforhomelessanimals.22．Whocanvolunteerintheprogram?A．AFrench-speakingadult. B．Aprimaryschoolchild.C．AcollegestudentfromAmerica. D．AlocalpersonfreeonFridays.23．Howmuchshouldavolunteerpayatleasttomakeareservation?A．$52.5. B．$105. C．$297.5. D．$350.【答案】21．A22．C23．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了如何申請支持哥斯達黎加當(dāng)?shù)貏游锞仍行牡闹驹刚摺?1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Inadditiontothecaretakingoftheanimals,volunteershelpuswelcomevisitorsattheentranceandansweranyquestionsthatvisitorsmayhaveabouttheshelteroritsanimals.”（除了照顧動物外，志愿者還幫助我們在入口處歡迎游客，并回答游客可能對收容所或動物的任何問題）可知，志愿者在救援中心可以與參觀者溝通。故選A項。22．推理判斷題。根據(jù)Requirements中“＊Youneedtobeatleast15yearsoldontheprogramstartdateatthehighschoollevelorabove.＊SpeakingEnglishisabasicrequirement.＊Norestrictionsonnationality.HelpinghandsbothinCostaRicaandbeyondarewelcome.＊Yourhelpinghandwillberequiredfrom09:00to15:00onMonday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,SaturdayandSunday.”（*您需要在課程開始日期至少15歲，高中或以上水平。會說英語是基本要求。*國籍不限。歡迎來自哥斯達黎加和其他國家的援助之手。*星期一、二、三、四、六、日的09:00至15:00需要您的幫助）可知，一位來自美國的大學(xué)生可以自愿參加這個項目。故選C項。23．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Programfees中“1week（minimumstay）$350”以及“Bookingpayments(15%)”（預(yù)訂費用(15%)）可知，志愿者至少要付350×15%=52.5美元，才能預(yù)約。故選A項。BAsoneofthemostpopularTVdramas,TheOathofLove—aromancestarringYangZiandXiaoZhan—seizedwidespreadattentiononlinesinceitspremiere(首映)onMarch15.Adaptedfromthenovelofthesamename,theseriesfollowsLinZhixiao(Yang),athird-yearcollegestudentmajoringinmusic,asshemeetsGuWei(Xiao),apromisingyoungdoctor.Afterexperiencingastringofcoincidences,LindiscoversGuistheattendingphysicianforherfather,whohasbeendiagnosedwithstomachcancer.Inthedaysspenthelpingherfatherfightthedisease,LindevelopsromanticfeelingsforGu.“Withoutemphasizingdramaticconflicts,theseriesmakestheromanticrelationshipbetweenLinandGumorededicateandreal,”theChinaWomen’sNewsnoted.LinadmiresGuforhisseriousattitudestowardhisworkandhiskindnesstopatients,whileGuappreciatesLin’sperseveranceinthefaceofsetbacksasshetriestoachievehermusicdream.Maybeitisthismutualunderstandingandappreciationthatmakesthelovesoimpressivetoviewers.Accordingtotheproducers,theseriesexaminestheconfusionandstressfeltbyyoungpeopleinmodernsociety.ItalsodealswithatypicalChineseparentingstyle,whichiscriticizedasoverlytoughandstrict.Forexample,Lin’sfather,ademandinghigh-schoolteacher,alwaysinterferes(干涉)withLin’sfuturecareerplan.HetriestopersuadeLintodowhathethinksisbestforher.Meanwhile,Gu’sparentstendtointerveneinhischoicesconcerningloveandmarriage.Byshowingtherelationshipsofthetwofamilies,theTVseriesalsowantstopresentthegapbetweenoldandyounggenerationsthroughtheirdifferentvaluesandoutlooks.Thisiswhythedramaresonates(產(chǎn)生共鳴)withyoungaudiencesasdepictingtheirpressuresandlongingsinthestory.24．WhatdoweknowaboutTheOathofLove?A．Itisrevisedfromanovel. B．Thestoryismainlysetintheward.C．Linisanexpertinmusic. D．Lin’smotherpassedaway.25．WhatmadeGufallinlovewithLin?A．Herbeauty. B．Herquality. C．Hercourage. D．Herknowledge.26．Whataretheproducers’attitudetothetypicalChineseparentingstyle?A．Favorable. B．Approving. C．Objective. D．Ambiguous.27．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．APopularTVDrama B．FindingLoveandFamilyC．UnderstandingtheYoung D．AFilmAttractingAudiences【答案】24．A25．B26．C27．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了一部最受歡迎的電視劇之一：《余生，請多指教》，介紹了它的故事情節(jié)和制片人對它的評價以及受歡迎的原因，進而說明了浪漫的愛情故事和中國的育兒方式。24．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Adaptedfromthenovelofthesamename,theseriesfollowsLinZhixiao(Yang),athird-yearcollegestudentmajoringinmusic,asshemeetsGuWei(Xiao),apromisingyoungdoctor.(該劇改編自同名小說，講述了音樂專業(yè)大三學(xué)生林之效（楊）遇到有前途的年輕醫(yī)生顧魏（肖）的故事。)”可知，這部劇改編自同名小說。故選A。25．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的句子“GuappreciatesLin’sperseveranceinthefaceofsetbacksasshetriestoachievehermusicdream.(顧則贊賞林在努力實現(xiàn)音樂夢想的過程中，面對挫折的毅力。)”可知，顧欣賞林之效在努力實現(xiàn)音樂夢想的過程中面對挫折時的堅忍不拔，也就是說他是因為林的品質(zhì)而愛上了她。故選B。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Accordingtotheproducers,theseriesexaminestheconfusionandstressfeltbyyoungpeopleinmodernsociety.ItalsodealswithatypicalChineseparentingstyle,whichiscriticizedasoverlytoughandstrict.(據(jù)制作人介紹，這部劇反映了現(xiàn)代社會年輕人所感受到的困惑和壓力。它還涉及典型的中國育兒方式，被批評為過于嚴(yán)厲和嚴(yán)格。)”，可知制作人并沒有發(fā)表自己的看法，對典型的中國式育兒方式持客觀的態(tài)度。故選C。27．主旨大意題。文章從《余生，請多指教》這部電視劇贏得廣泛關(guān)注入手，談?wù)摿诉@部劇的內(nèi)容，進而說明了浪漫的愛情故事和中國的育兒方式。判斷A項（一部流行的電視劇）適合作本文的標(biāo)題。故選A。CAgrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatthegutmicrobiome(消化道菌群)couldplayamajorroleinarisingchronicdiseasethatmakesusphysicallyweaker.Theillness,whichiscommonlycalledchronicfatiguesyndrome(CFS),ischaracterizedbyintensefatigue,gastrointestinal(胃腸道的)issues,musclepain,andcognitivechallengessuchasheadachesanddifficultyconcentrating,amongothersymptoms.Itoftenfollowsaviralinfectionwhichcanleadtoa“disruption”inabalancedgutecosystem.Actually,anincreasingnumberofAmericanshavebeenthesuffererssincetheoutbreakofCOVID-19.TworecentstudiespublishedinCellHost&MicrobepointtochangesinthemicrobiomeasapossiblecauseofCFS.ResearchgroupsatColumbiaUniversityandtheJacksonLaboratoryperformeddetailedanalysesofthemicrobesinstool(糞便)samplesfrompatientswithCFSandcomparedthemtohealthycontrols.ThetwogroupsfoundsimilarbacteriaspecieswerelesspresentinCFSpatientscomparedtocontrolpatients.Theyfocusedonbacteriathatproducebutyrate,afattyacidinvolvedinregulatingmetabolismandtheimmunesystem.“Butyrateplaysseveralrolesindirectingthebody’sresponsetoinfections,whilealsoprotectingthebarrierbetweentheintestine(腸)andthecirculatorysystem,regulatinggeneticchangesincells,andmore,”saysBrentWilliams,leadauthorontheColumbiastudy.WilliamsandhiscolleaguesextensivelyanalyzedtheroleofbutyrateinCFSpatients’guts,evenidentifyingacorrelationbetweenlowlevelsofbacteriathatproducethisacidandmoreseveresymptoms.ParallelfindingsfromtheJacksonLaboratoryteamsuggestthebacteriathatproducebutyratecouldbeusedtodiagnoseCFS.PreviousresearchhasidentifiedmicrobiomeissuesinCFSpatients,butthenewfindingshelpclarifywhichmicrobescouldberelatedtotheillness.Moreresearchonbutyrate-producingbacteriaandotherspeciesidentifiedinthestudiesisnecessarytoinvestigatethesepotentialbiomarkersofCFS,theauthorssay.Ifthefindingsarereplicated,specificgutbacteriacouldbeusedtodiagnosetheillness,whichiscurrentlyidentifiedbasedonsymptomsalone.Thefindingsadditionallypointtowardpossibletreatments,suchasprobioticsormicrobiome-focuseddietadjustments—thoughpatientswhohavebeensickforlongperiodsmayrequiredrugsthatalleviatethedamagedonetotheirmetabolismorimmunesystem.28．WhatdoweknowaboutCFS?A．ItiscausedbyCOVID-19only. B．Itisanillnesswithsystemicsymptoms.C．Itbreaksthebalanceofthegutecosystem. D．Thenumberoftheinfectedisonthedecrease.29．Howdidtheresearchercarryouttherecentstudies?A．Bycontrollingdata. B．Byidentifyinggenes.C．Byanalyzingsamples. D．Bycomparingsymptoms.30．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthesignificanceoftherecentresearches?A．Butyrate’smultiplefunctionsarepromoted.B．TargetedgutmicrobesmaybeusedtodiagnoseCFS.C．CertainmicrobesresponsibleforCFSarenarroweddown.D．ProbioticssupplementwithdrugscanbeatreatmentforCFS.31．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．GutmicrobiomemaybethekeytoCFS. B．Microbeshelpdigestfoodandaidabsorption.C．Man’sgutisarich,diversetropicalrainforest. D．NewmethodfordiagnosingCFSareprovided.【答案】28．B29．C30．A31．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。越來越多的研究表明，腸道微生物群可能在越來越多的慢性疾病中發(fā)揮重要作用。文章介紹了研究開展的過程以及其研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的意義。28．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Theillness,whichiscommonlycalledchronicfatiguesyndrome(CFS),ischaracterizedbyintensefatigue,gastrointestinal(胃腸道的)issues,musclepain,andcognitivechallengessuchasheadachesanddifficultyconcentrating,amongothersymptoms.(這種疾病通常被稱為慢性疲勞綜合征（CFS），其特征是強烈的疲勞、胃腸道問題、肌肉疼痛和認(rèn)知挑戰(zhàn)，如頭痛和注意力不集中等癥狀)”可知，慢性疲勞綜合癥是一種有全身性癥狀的疾病。故選B。29．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ResearchgroupsatColumbiaUniversityandtheJacksonLaboratoryperformeddetailedanalysesofthemicrobesinstool(糞便)samplesfrompatientswithCFSandcomparedthemtohealthycontrols.(哥倫比亞大學(xué)和杰克遜實驗室的研究小組對慢性疲勞綜合癥患者糞便樣本中的微生物進行了詳細分析，并將其與健康對照進行了比較)”可知，研究人員通過分析樣本進行的研究。故選C。30．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“ParallelfindingsfromtheJacksonLaboratoryteamsuggestthebacteriathatproducebutyratecouldbeusedtodiagnoseCFS.(杰克遜實驗室團隊的類似發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，產(chǎn)生丁酸鹽的細菌可以用來診斷慢性疲勞綜合癥)”；倒數(shù)第二段“Ifthefindingsarereplicated,specificgutbacteriacouldbeusedtodiagnosetheillness,whichiscurrentlyidentifiedbasedonsymptomsalone.(如果這些發(fā)現(xiàn)被復(fù)制，特定的腸道細菌可以用來診斷疾病，目前僅根據(jù)癥狀來識別疾病)”以及最后一段“Thefindingsadditionallypointtowardpossibletreatments,suchasprobioticsormicrobiome-focuseddietadjustments—thoughpatientswhohavebeensickforlongperiodsmayrequiredrugsthatalleviatethedamagedonetotheirmetabolismorimmunesystem.(研究結(jié)果還指出了可能的治療方法，比如益生菌或以微生物群為重點的飲食調(diào)整——盡管長期患病的患者可能需要藥物來減輕對新陳代謝或免疫系統(tǒng)的損害)”可知，A選項“促進丁酸鹽的多種功能”不是研究的意義。故選A。31．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Agrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatthegutmicrobiome(消化道菌群)couldplayamajorroleinarisingchronicdiseasethatmakesusphysicallyweaker.Theillness,whichiscommonlycalledchronicfatiguesyndrome(CFS),ischaracterizedbyintensefatigue,gastrointestinal(胃腸道的)issues,musclepain,andcognitivechallengessuchasheadachesanddifficultyconcentrating,amongothersymptoms.(越來越多的研究表明，腸道微生物群可能在越來越多的慢性疾病中發(fā)揮重要作用，這些疾病會使我們的身體變得更弱。這種疾病通常被稱為慢性疲勞綜合征（CFS），其特征是劇烈疲勞、胃腸道問題、肌肉疼痛和認(rèn)知挑戰(zhàn)，如頭痛和注意力不集中等癥狀)”結(jié)合文章介紹了一項研究開展的過程以及其研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的意義可知，這篇文章的主要講述腸道微生物群可能是慢性疲勞綜合癥的關(guān)鍵。故選A。DAfterScottKellyspentayearinspace,hisgeneticexpressionchanged,accordingtoaNASAstudythatcomparedthebodilychangesbetweentheastronautandhisidenticaltwin,whostayedonEarthwhileKellywasaboardtheInternationalSpaceStation.About7percentofKelly’sgeneactivityhasyetto“returntonormal”—almosttwoyearsafterhisyearlongspaceflightmissioncametoanend.KellyhassinceretiredfromNASA．TheTwinsStudy，asit’sbeencalled，lookedatwhathappenedtoKelly—bothphysiologicallyandpsychologically:—before，duringandafterhistripinspace，andthencomparedthatdatatoKelly’stwinbrother，MarkKelly，alsoaretiredNASAastronaut.Unlikehisbrotherwhospentmonthsatatimeinspace，Mark’smissionswereontheshorterside.Hislast—andlongest—mission，whichtookplacein2011，lasted15days.“Bymeasuringlargenumbersofthebrother’smetabolites，cytokines(代謝物、細胞活素）andproteins，researcherslearnedthatspaceflightisassociatedwithoxygendeprivation(匱乏）stress，increasedinflammation(炎癥），andnutrientchangesthataffectgeneexpression，”NASAsaid.AlthoughmostofthebiologicalchangesKellyexperiencedinspacedisappearedinthehoursanddays(andinsomecases?weeks)afterhisreturntoEarthy,NASAsaidsomechangesappeartohavecontinued.While93percentofhisgeneticexpressionhasreturnedtonormal,severalhundred“spacegenes”stillhavechangedactivitylevels，thedatasuggests，which,NASAsaid,couldindicate“l(fā)onger-termchanges”ingeneticexpressioncausedbythestressesofspaceflight.NASAsaidtheresearchcouldprovideimportantknowledgeoftheeffectsoflong-termspaceflightonthehumanbody,andthatitwillinfluenceitsplanningforamissiontoMars,whichwouldseeastronautsspendingsomethreeyearsinspace.Reactingtothenewsofthestudyresults,Kellyexpressedamazementathisbody’schanges，andalsousedtheopportunitytomakefunofhisbrother.“Thiscouldbegoodnews,”hejokedonTwitter.“InolongerhavetocallMarkmyidenticaltwinbrotheranymore.”32．WhatcanbelearntaboutMarkKelly?A．He’sstillworkingforNASA．B．Hehasonlybeentospaceonce.C．Hehasn’tgoneonaspaceflightmissionyet.D．Heneverstayedinspaceforawholemonth.33．WhatdoesNASA’sresearchshowaboutgeneticexpressionchanges?A．They’redangeroustoastronauts.B．Mostofthemwon’tlastverylong.C．They’remainlycausedbypsychologicalstress.D．Somecanoccurduringshort-termspaceflight.34．WhatcanweknowabouttheTwinsStudy?A．Itinvolvedmanytwinparticipants.B．ItendedsoonafterScottKelly’slastspaceflight.C．ItonlystudiedScottKelly’sphysicalchanges.D．ItwillbevaluabletoNASA’sMarsmission.35．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．MarkKellywilllosehistwinbrothersoon.B．ScottKellyalwayslooksonthebrightside.C．ScottKellydoesn’tlikehistwinbrother.D．ScottKellyseemstohaveasenseofhumor.【答案】32．D33．B34．D35．D【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了美國國家航空航天局(NASA)的一項研究比較了ScottKelly和他的同卵雙胞胎之間的身體變化。32．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“andthencomparedthatdatatoKelly’stwinbrother，MarkKelly，alsoaretiredNASAastronaut.”（然后將這些數(shù)據(jù)與凱利的雙胞胎兄弟馬克·凱利(MarkKelly)進行了比較，他也是一名退休的美國宇航局宇航員。）可知，馬克已經(jīng)退休了。再根據(jù)第三段“Unlikehisbrotherwhospentmonthsatatimeinspace，Mark’smissionswereontheshorterside.Hislast—andlongest—mission，whichtookplacein2011，lasted15days.”（不像他的兄弟每次在太空中呆上幾個月，馬克的任務(wù)比較短。他最后一次也是最長的一次任務(wù)發(fā)生在2011年，歷時15天。）可知，馬克在太空中只待了15填，他從未在太空呆過整整一個月。故選D項。33．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“AlthoughmostofthebiologicalchangesKellyexperiencedinspacedisappearedinthehoursanddaysafterhisreturntoEarthy,NASAsaidsomechangesappeartohavecontinued.”（盡管凱利在太空中經(jīng)歷的大部分生物變化在他返回地球后的幾小時或幾天內(nèi)就消失了，但美國宇航局表示，一些變化似乎還在繼續(xù)。）可知，大部分很快就會消失，持續(xù)不了多久。故選B項。34．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“NASAsaidtheresearchcouldprovideimportantknowledgeoftheeffectsoflong-termspaceflightonthehumanbody,andthatitwillinfluenceitsplanningforamissiontoMars,whichwouldseeastronautsspendingsomethreeyearsinspace.”（美國國家航空航天局表示，這項研究可以提供有關(guān)長期太空飛行對人體影響的重要知識，并將影響到其火星任務(wù)的計劃，屆時宇航員將在太空中度過三年左右的時間。）可知，此次對雙胞胎兄弟的研究對美國宇航局的火星任務(wù)很有價值。故選D項。35．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Reactingtothenewsofthestudyresults,Kellyexpressedamazementathisbody’schanges，andalsousedtheopportunitytomakefunofhisbrother.“Thiscouldbegoodnews,”hejokedonTwitter.“InolongerhavetocallMarkmyidenticaltwinbrotheranymore.””（對于研究結(jié)果的消息，凱利表達了對自己身體變化的驚訝，并利用這個機會取笑他的弟弟?！斑@可能是個好消息，”他在Twitter上開玩笑說?！拔以僖膊挥霉荞R克叫我的雙胞胎兄弟了?！保┛芍?，凱利借此研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)兄弟二人太空回來后基因略有不同，說的只是玩笑話，可見這是幽默的表現(xiàn)。故選D項。第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。ImprovingYourRelationshipWithYourParentsSometimesitseemsthatgettingalongwithyourparentsisimpossible.However,theyareprobablythemostimportantpersonsinyourlife.36,takethefollowingstepstotrytounderstandthembetter.Maketimewithyourparents.37,sospendtimewiththemwhileyouareableto.Thisdoesn’tmeanjustsittinginfrontoftheTVtogether.Instead,findactivitiestodotogether.Indoingthis,youwilllearnmoreaboutwhatyourparentsenjoydoing,anditwillbringyoucloser.Talkwithyourparents.Inordertounderstandyourparentsbetter,youhavetospendtimetalkingwiththem.Usethistimetolearnabouttheirdifferenthobbies,opinionsandvalues,toconnectwiththemonadeeperlevel.38,oraskthemhowtheyfeltwhentheyfoundouttheyweregoingtohaveyou.Listentothemactively.Thismayseemobvious,butitisoftenharderthanyouthink.Whenyouarecommunicatingwithyourparents,makesureyouarelistening.39.Ifyouareonyourcellphoneorlisteningtomusic,stopwhatyouaredoingwhentheyaretalkingtoyou.40.Thismaybedifficultconsideringyourpresentrelationshipwithyourparents,butdoyourbest.Youcanalsotalktothemaboutsomethingatschoolthatyouareexcitedorworriedabout.A．ShareyourfeelingswiththemB．Yourparentswon’talwaysbearoundC．AskyourparentsforhelpifnecessaryD．Ifyoucan’tgetonwellwithyourparentsE．YoucanaskthemtotellyouabouttheirownchildhoodF．ThiswillalsoshowyourparentsthatyouareinterestedinthemasfriendsG．Thismeansnotcuttinginonthem,andspeakingclearlywhenresponding【答案】36．D37．B38．E39．G40．A【分析】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了如何與父母融洽相處的方法。36．根據(jù)上文“Sometimesitseemsthatgettingalongwithyourparentsisimpossible.(有時候，與父母相處融洽似乎是不可能的。)”可知，上文介紹了與父母相處不融洽的現(xiàn)象，根據(jù)下文“takethefollowingstepstotrytounderstandthembetter.(采取以下步驟來更好地理解他們。)”可知，下文向我們介紹了如何與父母融洽相處，D項意為“如果你和父母相處得不好”，選項能夠引起后文，如果你和父母相處得不好，采取以下步驟來更好地理解他們。故選D。37．根據(jù)下文“sospendtimewiththemwhileyouareableto.(所以，在你有能力的時候，花點時間和他們在一起。)”可知，本段內(nèi)容建議我們花點時間和父母在一起，B項意為“你的父母不會一直在你身邊”，選項與下文內(nèi)容構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，正是因為你的父母不會一直在你身邊，所以，在你有能力的時候，花點時間陪伴他們。故選B。38．根據(jù)下文“oraskthemhowtheyfeltwhentheyfoundouttheyweregoingtohaveyou.(或者問他們當(dāng)他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們將要擁有你時的感受。)”可知，這里介紹的是我們在和父母聊天的時候可以談?wù)撃男┰掝}，E項意為“你可以讓他們告訴你關(guān)于他們自己的童年”，選項與下文談?wù)摰脑掝}一致，當(dāng)與父母聊天時，你可以讓他們告訴你關(guān)于他們自己的童年或者問他們當(dāng)他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們將要擁有你時的感受。故選E。39．根據(jù)上文“Whenyouarecommunicatingwithyourparents,makesureyouarelistening.(當(dāng)你與父母溝通時，確保你在傾聽。)”可知，本段內(nèi)容建議我們在和父母溝通時，要認(rèn)真聽父母說的話，G項意為“這意味著不要打斷他們，在回應(yīng)時要說清楚?！保x項能夠承接上文，我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)真聽父母說的話，如何做到認(rèn)真聽？那就是不要打斷他們，在回應(yīng)時要說清楚。故選G。40．根據(jù)下文“Youcanalsotalktothemaboutsomethingatschoolthatyouareexcitedorworriedabout.(你也可以和他們談?wù)撘恍┠阍趯W(xué)校里感到興奮或擔(dān)心的事情。)”可知，本段內(nèi)容建議我們多和父母溝通我們的感受，A項意為“與他們分享你的感受”，選項能夠概括段落內(nèi)容，下文正是對如何與他們分享你的感受的舉例。故選A。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Whenotherteenagershangoutwithfriendsinthesummervacations.Ericadoesn’tjoin.Instead,the16-year-oldseniorhighstudentis41infillingcakeordersandupdatingherwebsite.She42KaykeBakery,ahome-basedbusiness.Ericastartedbakingoutof43intheyear2021.Herfirstattemptwasa(n)44.Yetshemademorecakesthenextdayand45hertechniquesthroughteachingvideosonadailybasis.“Isawotherpeople’sdecoratedcakesandwas46tobeacakeartistinsteadofjustabaker,”Ericasaid.Afterdue47,sheaskedherparentsaboutsettingupherownbusiness.“Seeinghow48shewas,”Erica’smotherrecalled,“we49beginningtohelphercopewithallthelegalitiesforitsopening.”Soon,shehad50customersalwayscomingtoher