2024屆四川省成都市高三年級(jí)下冊(cè)第二次聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版）

2024屆高三第二次聯(lián)考

英語(yǔ)試卷

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答題前，考生務(wù)必在答題卡上將自己的姓名、座位號(hào)和考籍號(hào)用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆填寫(xiě)

清楚，考生考試條形碼由監(jiān)考老師粘貼在答題卡上的“貼條形碼區(qū)”。

2.選擇題使用2B鉛筆填涂在答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目標(biāo)號(hào)的位置上，如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦擦干凈

后再填涂其它答案;非選擇題用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆在答題卡的對(duì)應(yīng)區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)

域答題的答案無(wú)效;在草稿紙上、試卷上答題無(wú)效。

3.考試結(jié)束后由監(jiān)考老師將答題卡收回。

第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂

到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題，每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選

項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀

一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.

答案是C。

1.Whatwillthewomandothisafternoon?

A.Dosomeexercise.B.Goshopping.C.Washherclothes.

2.Whydoesthewomancalltheman?

A.Tocancelaflight.B.Tomakeanapology.C.Toputoffameeting.

3.HowmuchmoredoesDavidneedforthecar?

A.$5,000.B.$20,000.C.$25,000.

4.WhatisJanedoing?

A.Planningatour.B.Callingherfather.C.Askingforleave.

5.Howdoesthemanfeel?

A.Tired.B.Dizzy.C.Thirsty.

第二節(jié)（共15小題，每小題L5分，滿分22.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中

選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各

小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第6和第7兩個(gè)小題。

6.WhatdoesJackwanttodo?

A.WatchTV.B.Playoutside.C.Gotothezoo.

7.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Athome.B.Inacinema.C.Inasupermarket.

聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第8至第10三個(gè)小題。

8.WhatdoesRicharddo?

A.He'sanewsman.B.He'samanager.C.He?saresearcher.

9.WhereisRichardgoingnextweek?

A.Birmingham.B.MexicoCity.C.Shanghai.

10.Whatwillthespeakersdotomorrow?

A.Eatouttogether.B.Visitauniversity.C.SeeProfessorHayes.

聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第11至第13三個(gè)小題。

11.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Schoolfriends.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Librarianandlibraryuser.

12.WhydoesJimsuggestMarybuythebook?

A.Ifssoldatadiscountprice.

B.It'simportantforherstudy.

C.It'swrittenbyProfessorLee.

13.WhatwillJimdoforMary?

A.Sharehisbookwithher.B.Lendhersomemoney.C.AskHenryforhelp.

聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第14至第16三個(gè)小題。

14.WheredoesStellalive?

A.InMemphis.B.InBoston.C.InStLouis.

15.WhatwouldPeterandhisfamilyliketodoonBealeStreet?

A.Visitamuseum.B.Listentomusic.C.Havedinner.

16.WhatkindofhoteldoesPeterprefer?

A.Abigone.B.Aquietone.C.Amodemone.

聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第17至第20四個(gè)小題。

17.Howmanylabsessionswillthestudentshaveeveryweek?

A.One.B.Two.C.Three.

18.Whatarethestudentsallowedtowearinthelab?

A.Longscarves.B.Looseclothes.C.Tennisshoes.

19.Whyshouldthestudentsavoidmixingliquidwithpaper?

A.Itmaycauseafire.B.Itmaycreatewaste.C.Itmayproducepollution.

20.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?

A.Gradesthestudentswillreceive.

B.Rulesthestudentsshouldfollow.

C.Experimentsthestudentswilldo.

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題2分，滿分30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

TopuniversitiesintheYoungUniversityRankings2023

ParisSciencesetLettres-PSLResearchUniversity,Paris,France

PSLisacollegiateuniversityformedin2010withtheaimofbecomingoneoftheworld'sleadingresearch

universities.Itwasoriginallymadeupoffiveinstitutionsbuthassincegrowntoincorporate25self-governing

academicandresearchinstitutions.

TheuniversityaimstoboostresearchoutputfromFranceandhasdevelopedstrategicpartnershipswith

TechnionIsraelInstituteofTechnology,amongothers.

NanyangTechnologicalUniversity,Singapore

NanyangTechnologicalUniversity,Singaporeisoneofthehighest-rankedAsianuniversitiesintheTheWorld

UniversityRankings.Theuniversitywasestablishedin1991.

Theuniversityhas25,000studentsfrommorethan100nations.NTUalsohasstrongtieswithmanyinstitutions

acrosstheglobe,includingPekingUniversity.

TheHongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,HongKong

HKUSTconsistentlyranksasoneofthebestuniversitiesinHongKongaswellasbeinginthetop100inthe

world.Asitsnamesuggests,HKUSTfocusesonprovidingstudentswithahigh-qualityeducationwithintherealms

ofscienceandtechnology.

Theuniversitywasestablishedin1991and,in2022,itintroducedaschemecalledHKUST2.0,whichcovers

itsplansfordevelopmentinthefuture.

UlsanNationalInstituteofScienceandTechnology,SouthKorea

UNISTisawarmandwelcomingpost-secondaryinstitutionlocatedintheheartofSouthKorea'slargest

industrialcity,Ulsan.

Sinceitsopeningin2009,UNISThasgrowntobecomeaworld-classuniversity,witharapidlygrowing

reputationforitsresearchandimpactonawiderangeoffields.UNIST'sresearchfacilities,alongwithitsworld-

classlaboratoryandstate-of-the-artresearchequipmentbecameanenvyofmanyscientistsaroundtheworld.

1.Whichuniversityistheyoungestone?

A.PSL.B.NTU.C.HKUST.D.UNIST.

2.WhatdotheuniversitiesNTUandHKUSThaveincommon?

A.TheyarethebestAsianuniversities.B.Theywerefoundedinthesameyear.

C.Theylimittiestonativeinstitutions.D.Theyhaveanewplanfordeveloping.

3.WhatisspecialabouttheuniversityUNIST?

A.Itoriginallyconsistedofsomeinstitutions.B.Itgainsagoodfameforspecialeducation.

C.Itsadvancedresearchequipmentattractsalot.D.Itfrequentlyranksasthebestlocaluniversity.

【答案】1.A2.B3.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了四所大學(xué)的情況。

【1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一部分“PSLisacollegiateuniversityformedin2010（北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)是一所成立于

2010年的高等院校）”；第二部分“Theuniversitywasestablishedin1991.（這所大學(xué)成立于1991年）”；第

三部分“Theuniversitywasestablishedin1991（這所大學(xué)成立于1991年）”以及第四部分Sinceitsopening

in2009,UNISThasgrowntobecomeaworld-classuniversity,witharapidlygrowingreputationforitsresearch

andimpactonawiderangeoffields.（自2009年成立以來(lái)，UNIST已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為一所世界一流的大學(xué)，其研

究和在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的影響迅速增長(zhǎng)）”可知，PSL、NTU、HKUST和UNIST四所大學(xué)分別成立于2010,

1991,1991和2009年，所以PSL是最年輕的一所大學(xué)。故選A。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本艮據(jù)NanyangTechnologicalUniversity,Singapore部分中“Theuniversitywasestablishedin

1991.（這所大學(xué)成立于1991年）”以及TheHongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,HongKong部

分中“Theuniversitywasestablishedin1991（這所大學(xué)成立于1991年）”可知，NTU和HKUST兩所大學(xué)都

成立于1991年。故選B。

【3題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)UlsanNationalInstituteofScienceandTechnology,SouthKorea部分中“UNIST'sresearch

facilities,alongwithitsworld-classlaboratoryandstate-of-the-artresearchequipmentbecameanenvyofmany

scientistsaroundtheworld.（UNIST的研究設(shè)施，以及世界一流的實(shí)驗(yàn)室和最先進(jìn)的研究設(shè)備成為世界各地

許多科學(xué)家羨慕的對(duì)象）”可知，該大學(xué)的頂級(jí)的實(shí)驗(yàn)和科研設(shè)備對(duì)科學(xué)家們有著極大的誘惑力。故選

Co

B

Mypassionforthefieldofdietetics（營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)）startedataveryyoungage.EversinceIcanremember,Ihave

beendreamingofbecomingapastrychef.

Igrewupbeingpartofvarioussportsteams.AsIgrewolder,Inoticedhowfoodinfluencedmyperformance

asanathlete.Istartedreadingmoreaboutnutritionandsignedupforanintroductorynutritioncourseduringmy

firstyearofcollege.

However,InoticedwhenIenteredmydieteticsclasses,thatIlookedquitedifferentfrommoststudents.I

wastheonlyethnicallydiversestudentinmyclasses.

MymomwasborninAustriaandmyfatherinIran.TheymetinAustriaandmovedtotheU.S.beforemy

brotherandIwerebom.Theyexposedustotheirowntraditionalculturalfoods,andIgrewupeatingafusionof

IranianandAustriandishes.

Irememberneverhavingatasteforschoolcafeteriafood,soIalwaysrequestedmymompackmelunch.

Shewouldpackmeleftoversfromdinner,suchasakukusabzi,aPersianeggandherbfrittata,orschnitzelwith

dartoffelsalat,acustomaryAustriandishoffriedbreadedchicken.Attimes,Ifeltembarrassedaboutmymeals,

andwouldhidethesefrommypeerstoavoidthehorriblequestionof,“Ew,whatisthat?”However,overtime,

andonceIbecameaqualifiedRD（注冊(cè)營(yíng)養(yǎng)師）,Irealizedmyuniquebackgroundallowedmetoconnectmore

deeplywithothersfromdifferentcultures.

Iencouragedmyclients（客戶）tosharewhattheygrewupeatingandwhatfoodswerecustomarytotheir

uniqueupbringing.Idevelopednutritionrecommendationsformyclientsthatincludedtraditionalstaplesfrom

theirheritageculture.Theseexperiencesandmydualheritagebackgroundempoweredmetoencouragemy

clientsandotherRDstoproudlysharetheiruniqueculturalfoods,tostopfeelingembarrassed,butinstead

embraceourdifferencesandincreaseculturalawarenessinthefieldofdietetics.

4.Whatledtheauthortotakethenutritioncourseinhiscollege?

A.Hisdreamofbeingapastrychefasachild.B.Hispovertyinessentialnutritionforhealth.

C.Histhirstfordieteticsknowledgeallhislife.D.Hisawarenessoftheinfluenceoffoodonhealth.

5.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Theauthor'sfavoritedishes.B.Theauthor9smixedidentities.

C.Theauthor'smemoryofhisparents.D.Theauthor'sculturetendency.

6.Whywastheauthorafraidofbeingquestionedabouthismeals?

A.Hismealsweresuppliedfreebyhisschool.B.HismealslookedstrangefromhisschooPs.

C.Hismealsweremostlikelytobebadtotaste.D.HismealstookhisMommuchtimetomake.

7.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Tocriticizepeople'sculturalprejudice.B.Tosharehisuniquegrowthexperiences.

C.Toencourageembracingculturaldiversity.D.Torevealhiscomplexfamilycomposition.

【答案】4.D5.B6.B7.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者獨(dú)特家庭文化背景成就了他自小的夢(mèng)想一一注冊(cè)營(yíng)養(yǎng)

師。作者希望通過(guò)他的成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷，激勵(lì)人們擁抱多元文化，在營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)領(lǐng)域增強(qiáng)文化融合的意識(shí)。

【4題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"Igrewupbeingpartofvarioussportsteams.AsIgrewolder,Inoticedhowfood

influencedmyperformanceasanathlete.Istartedreadingmoreaboutnutritionandsignedupforanintroductory

nutritioncourseduringmyfirstyearofcollege.（我從小就是各種運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)的一員。隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，我注意到

食物是如何影響我作為運(yùn)動(dòng)員的表現(xiàn)的。我開(kāi)始閱讀更多關(guān)于營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)的書(shū)籍，并在大學(xué)一年級(jí)時(shí)報(bào)名參

加了營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)入門(mén)課程）”可知，對(duì)食物對(duì)健康影響的認(rèn)識(shí)促使作者在大學(xué)里選修了營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)課程。故選D。

[5題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段"MymomwasborninAustriaandmyfatherinIran.TheymetinAustriaandmoved

totheU.S.beforemybrotherandIwerebom.Theyexposedustotheirowntraditionalculturalfoods,andIgrew

upeatingafusionofIranianandAustriandishes.（我媽媽出生在奧地利，我爸爸出生在伊朗。他們?cè)趭W地利

相遇，在我和哥哥出生之前搬到了美國(guó)。他們讓我們接觸到他們自己的傳統(tǒng)文化食物，我從小就吃著伊

朗和奧地利的混合菜肴）”可知，第四段主要講的是作者的復(fù)雜身份。故選B。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段"Shewouldpackmeleftoversfromdinner,suchasakukusabzi,aPersianeggand

herbfrittata,orschnitzelwithdartoffelsalat,acustomaryAustriandishoffriedbreadedchicken.Attimes,Ifelt

embarrassedaboutmymeals,andwouldhidethesefrommypeerstoavoidthehorriblequestionof,tLEw,whatis

that?”（她會(huì)給我打包晚餐的剩菜，比如kukusabzi,一種波斯雞蛋和香草煎蛋餅，或者炸肉排配火腿沙

拉，一種奧地利傳統(tǒng)的炸面包屑雞。有時(shí)，我對(duì)自己的飯菜感到尷尬，會(huì)把這些東西藏起來(lái)，不讓同齡

人知道，以避免被人問(wèn)：“噢，這是什么？“）”可知，作者在求學(xué)期間，總是在家自帶午餐到校，受家

庭文化背景的影響，作者的午餐有著濃濃的異域特色，這與學(xué)校的食物相比，看起來(lái)奇特怪異，因此作

者害怕同學(xué)們?cè)儐?wèn)午餐的事，因?yàn)樵谕瑢W(xué)們的眼里，作者是“另類(lèi)”?？赏浦?，作者害怕被問(wèn)及他的飲

食因?yàn)樗娘埐丝雌饋?lái)和學(xué)校的很不一樣。故選B。

[7題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后——段“Theseexperiencesandmydualheritagebackgroundempoweredmetoencourage

myclientsandotherRDstoproudlysharetheiruniqueculturalfoods,tostopfeelingembarrassed,butinstead

embraceourdifferencesandincreaseculturalawarenessinthefieldofdietetics.（這些經(jīng)歷和我的雙重文化背景

使我能夠鼓勵(lì)我的客戶和其他注冊(cè)營(yíng)養(yǎng)師自豪地分享他們獨(dú)特的文化食物，不要感到尷尬，而是擁抱我

們的差異，提高營(yíng)養(yǎng)領(lǐng)域的文化意識(shí)）”結(jié)合文章主要講述了作者獨(dú)特的家庭文化背景成就了他自小的夢(mèng)

想一一注冊(cè)營(yíng)養(yǎng)師。作者希望通過(guò)他的成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷，激勵(lì)人們擁抱多元文化，在營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)領(lǐng)域增強(qiáng)文化融合

的意識(shí)。故作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是鼓勵(lì)擁抱文化多樣性。故選C。

C

Wasteheatisaworldwideenergyproblemmostpeoplehaveprobablyneverheardabout.Everymachineand

powerstation,evenrenewableenergylikewindandsolar,createsheatthatissimplylostintheatmosphere.

Thankfully,scientistsandengineersaredevotedtocapturingheatandtransformingitintousefulelectricity.

Thermophotovoltaicdevices（熱光電設(shè)備）areonepromisingwaytousethiswasteheat.Universityof

Michiganengineershavecreatedapreciselymachinedthermophotovoltaiccellthatcouldbeusedtogenerate

electricityfromsurplusrenewablepower.Thecellswoulduseheatstoredinmoltensaltandturnitintoelectricity

ondemand,inaformthatismuchcheaperthanbatteries,sayitscreators.

Oneofthefactorsimportanttoanydevice'sthermoelectricefficiencyisitsmaterial.Ifhigherelectrical

energycanbecreatedwithsmallertemperaturedifferences,thenthematerialsaresaidtohaveahighZTvalue.

AndanewmaterialcreatedbyscientistsinViennahasbrokentheZTvalueworldrecord.

Anynewthermoelectricmaterialhastohaveadistinctadvantage,andresearchisidentifyinganumberof

promisingproducts.Pyroelectricfilms（熱電薄膜）areaimedatwasteheatemittedatlessthan100degrees

Celsius（212F）andcangenerateelectricitywhenamaterialiseitherheatedorcooled.

Low-temperaturegenerationincludescomputersandcars,makingpyroelectricsparticularlyusefulfor

squeezingmoreenergyoutofelectronicsystems.

Anotherrelativeadvantageisinexpensivematerials.Moreabundantelementsliketin,selenium,and

magnesiumarecheapandabundant,withhighZTvalueswhencombinedintherightway.Theirusecouldleadto

greenercarenginesandindustrialfacilities.

Andwhenitcomestopersonalelectronics,thermoelectriccouldeventuallyseeofftraditionalcharging

hardware.ChineseresearchershavebuiltawristbandthatgathersbodyheattopoweraLEDandmaybeableto

powersmartwatchesorothermobiledevicesinthefuture.

8.Whereiswasteheatprobablyfrom?

A.Runningcars.B.Burningheaters.C.Theshiningmoon.D.Livingplants.

9.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthermoelectricmaterials?

A.Theyarearenewablepower.B.Theycanproducewasteheat.

C.Theyhelpcapturewasteheat.D.TheyhavesimilarZTvalues.

10.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothermoelectrics?future?

A.Doubtful.B.Hopeful.C.Cautious.D.Neutral.

11.Whichcolumndoesthistextprobablycomefrom?

A.Health.B.Education.C.Nature.D.Science.

【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了密歇根大學(xué)的工程師們發(fā)明了一種精密加工的熱光伏電池，

可用于利用剩余的可再生能源發(fā)電。

【8題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"Wasteheatisaworldwideenergyproblemmostpeoplehaveprobablyneverheard

about.Everymachineandpowerstation,evenrenewableenergylikewindandsolar,createsheatthatissimply

lostintheatmosphere.（廢熱是一個(gè)世界性的能源問(wèn)題，大多數(shù)人可能從未聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)。每臺(tái)機(jī)器和發(fā)電站，甚

至像風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能這樣的可再生能源，都會(huì)產(chǎn)生熱量，這些熱量會(huì)在大氣中散失）”可知，廢熱是指各種

設(shè)施所產(chǎn)生未能被利用流失在空氣中的熱量。行駛中的車(chē)輛會(huì)產(chǎn)生熱量，部分熱量無(wú)法被利用，流失在

了空氣中：取暖器的功能就是利用產(chǎn)生的熱量供暖，因此不存在流失的廢熱；月亮和植物不會(huì)產(chǎn)生熱

量?？赏浦?，廢熱可能來(lái)自行駛的車(chē)輛。故選A。

【9題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Thankfully,scientistsandengineersaredevotedtocapturingheatandtransforming

itintousefulelectricity.（值得慶幸的是，科學(xué)家和工程師們致力于捕獲熱量并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為有用的電能）”和

第三段第一句"Oneofthefactorsimportanttoanydevice'sthermoelectricefficiencyisitsmaterial.（任何設(shè)備

的熱電效率的重要因素之一是它的材料）”可知，科學(xué)家們研發(fā)的熱光電設(shè)備就是通過(guò)捕獲利用廢熱來(lái)產(chǎn)

生電，而影響熱光電設(shè)備效率的一個(gè)重要因素就是其材料。因此，制作熱光電設(shè)備的材料有助其捕獲并

利用廢熱。故選C。

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Andwhenitcomestopersonalelectronics,thermoelectriccouldeventuallysee

offtraditionalcharginghardware.Chineseresearchershavebuiltawristbandthatgathersbodyheattopowera

LEDandmaybeabletopowersmartwatchesorothermobiledevicesinthefuture.（當(dāng)涉及到個(gè)人電子產(chǎn)品時(shí)，

熱電技術(shù)最終可能會(huì)取代傳統(tǒng)的充電硬件。中國(guó)研究人員已經(jīng)制造出一種腕帶，可以收集人體熱量來(lái)為

LED供電，未來(lái)可能可以為智能手表或其他移動(dòng)設(shè)備供電）”可知，通過(guò)熱電產(chǎn)品在日常生活中的應(yīng)用來(lái)

看，熱電產(chǎn)品在未來(lái)很有可能淘汰傳統(tǒng)的充電產(chǎn)品。推測(cè)作者認(rèn)為其未來(lái)是有希望的。故選B。

【11題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段"UniversityofMichiganengineershavecreatedapreciselymachined

thermophotovoltaiccellthatcouldbeusedtogenerateelectricityfromsurplusrenewablepower.Thecellswould

useheatstoredinmoltensaltandturnitintoelectricityondemand,inaformthatismuchcheaperthanbatteries,

sayitscreators.（密歇根大學(xué)的工程師們發(fā)明了一種精密加工的熱光伏電池，可用于利用剩余的可再生能源

發(fā)電。發(fā)明者說(shuō)，這種電池將利用儲(chǔ)存在熔鹽中的熱量，按需將其轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，這種形式比電池便宜得

多）”結(jié)合本文是一篇介紹熱光電產(chǎn)品的科普文章，因此該文章極有可能出現(xiàn)在科學(xué)欄目里。故選D。

D

Notallbirdssing,butthosethatdo-someseveralthousandspecies-doitalot.Allovertheworld,assoon

aslightfiltersoverthehorizon,songbirdsstartsinging.Theysingtodefendtheirterritoryandtoimpresspotential

mates.

“Whybirdssingisrelativelywell-answered,saysIrisAdam,abehavioralneuroscientistattheUniversityof

SouthernDenmark.Thebigquestionforherwasthis:Whydobirdssingsomuch?”Forsomereason,9,Adam

says,birdshave“acrazydrivetosing."Thismeanshourseverydayforsomespecies,andthattakesalotof

energy.Plus,singingcanbedangerous.

“Assoonasyousing,yourevealyourself/'shesays."Like,whereyouare,thatyouevenexist,whereyour

territoryis-allofthatimmediatelyisoutintheopenforpredators,foreverybody.^^

InanewstudypublishedinthejournalNatureCommunications,Adamandhercolleaguesofferanew

explanationforwhybirdstakethatrisk.Theysuggestthatsongbirdsmaynothavemuchchoice.Theymayhave

tosingaloteverydaytogivetheirvocalmusclestheregularexercisetheyneedtoproducetop-qualitysong.

Thesefindingscouldberelatedtohumanvoicestoo."Ifyouapplythebirdresultstothehumans,says

Adam,"'anytimeyoustopspeaking,forwhateverreason,youmightexperiencealossinvocalperformance.9,

Tofigureoutwhetherthemusclesthatproducebirdsongrequiredailyexercise,Adamdesignedaseriesof

experimentsonzebrafinches-littleAustraliansongbirdswithstripedheadsandabloomoforangeontheir

cheeks.

Throughtheseexperiments.Adam'sconclusionisthat“songbirdsneedtoexercisetheirvocalmusclesto

producetop-performancesong.Iftheydon'tsing,theyloseperformance,theirvocalizationsgetlessattractiveto

females-andthafsbad.”

Thismayhelpexplainsongbirds9constantsinging.Ifsakindofdailyvocalpracticetokeeptheir

instrumentsintip-topshape.It'sagoodruletoliveby,whetheryou'reabirdorahuman——practicemakesperfect,

atleastwhenitcomestosingingone'sheartout.

12.WhatdoesIrisAdamtrytofigureout?

A.Whyallthebirdsdon'tsing.B.Whysongbirdssingsowell.

C.Whysongbirdssingsomuch.D.Whybirdshavevocalmuscles.

13.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thatrisk“inParagraph4probablymean?

A.Defendingterritory.B.Impressingpartners.C.Singingalltodeath.D.Threateninglives.

14.WhichofthefollowingagreeswithAdam'sexperimentconclusion?

A.Regularsinginghelpstoexercisesongbirds5vocalmuscles.

B.Songbirdshavetosingtheirheartouttowintheirpartners.

C.Zebrafinchesareborntohaveexcellentvocalinstruments.

D.Goodvocalmusclesaremoreattractivetofemalesongbirds.

15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.ANewStudyofSongbirdsB.TheWayThatSongbirdsSing

C.PracticeMakesaPerfectSongD.TheReasonWhyBirdsSingMuch

【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了神經(jīng)學(xué)家艾瑞斯?亞當(dāng)對(duì)于為什么鳥(niǎo)唱得這么多歌的研究。

【12題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thebigquestionforherwasthis:Whydobirdssingsomuch?（對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)，最大的

問(wèn)題是：為什么鳥(niǎo)唱得這么多歌？）”可知，愛(ài)瑞絲?亞當(dāng)想弄明白為什么鳥(niǎo)唱得這么多歌。故選C。

【13題詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“Thismeanshourseverydayforsomespecies,andthattakesalotofenergy.Plus,

singingcanbedangerous.（對(duì)一些物種來(lái)說(shuō)，這意味著每天需要幾個(gè)小時(shí)，這需要大量的能量。另外，唱歌

可能很危險(xiǎn)）"和第三段""Assoonasyousing,yourevealyourself,"shesays."Like,whereyouare,thatyou

evenexist,whereyourterritoryis-allofthatimmediatelyisoutintheopenforpredators,foreverybody."（她

說(shuō)：“只要你一唱歌，你就暴露了自己。比如，你在哪里，你甚至存在，你的領(lǐng)土在哪里一一所有這些都

立即暴露在捕食者面前，對(duì)所有鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)來(lái)說(shuō)?！埃?可知，鳴禽每天長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的歌唱不僅會(huì)耗掉它們大量的能

量，而且還可能因歌唱暴露自己而帶來(lái)不確定的生命風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故劃線詞意思是“威脅生命”。故選D。

【14題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Throughtheseexperiments.Adam'sconclusionisthat"songbirdsneedto

exercisetheirvocalmusclestoproducetop-performancesong.Iftheydon'tsing,theyloseperformance,their

vocalizationsgetlessattractivetofemales-andthafsbad.”（通過(guò)這些實(shí)驗(yàn)。亞當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)論是：“鳴禽需要鍛煉

發(fā)聲肌肉，才能唱出最好的歌曲。如果他們不唱歌，他們就會(huì)失去表演能力，他們的聲音對(duì)雌性的吸引

力就會(huì)降低一一這很糟糕?！埃?可知，經(jīng)常唱歌有助于鍛煉鳴禽的發(fā)聲肌肉。故選A。

【15題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Thebigquestionforherwasthis:Whydobirdssingsomuch?（對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)，最大的

問(wèn)題是：為什么鳥(niǎo)唱得這么多歌？）”結(jié)合本文通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)解釋鳴為什么會(huì)不厭其煩地歌唱。故D選項(xiàng)

“鳥(niǎo)兒唱歌的原因”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。

第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Howdowestaymotivatedoncewehavecommittedourselvestoaction?16Herearesometipstohelp

usstaymotivated.

Haveself-belief

Whenyouarefacedwithasetback,don'tjustletitdefeatyou.Rememberthatyouhavealreadyovercome

otherobstacles.17Believinginyourcapacityforsuccessisabrilliantmotivator.Youknowyoucansolve

theproblemfacingyoubecauseyouhavedoneitbefore.

Settinggoals

18Thefirststeptoachievingadreamistoturnitintoaseriesofgoals.Along-termgoalwillbethe

ultimatedream-lefssay,settingupanewbusiness.Short-termandmedium-termgoalswillbethestagesonthe

roadtothefinalgoal.

Happinessisachoice

Don'tletproblems,difficulties,orsetbacksgetyoudown.Theyaretemporary,andwithabitofeffortand

organization,theywillbesolved.Choosetostayhappy,tobecontented,andmotivated.Rememberthathappiness

shouldnotbeafinalgoal.19

Keepyourmotivesinmind

Periodically,itisgoodtostepbackandtakeacriticallookatwhatyouaredoingandwhy.Thiswillhelpyou

toseewhetheryourmotivesarethesameastheywereatthestartofyourventure.20Doingsomethingfor

thewrongmotives,especiallythosethatfalloutsidethelaw,canbeasourceofmuchworryandcertainlywilllead

tomotivationbeingaffected.

A.You'llbeeasiertoworkwith.

B.Self-motivationrequireseffort.

C.Itmustbethewayyouleadyourlife.

D.Believeinyourselfandyourabilities.

E.Don'tletmotivesslipafteryourfailure.

F.Ourdreamsareusuallyabituncertainandunclear.

GMotivescanchangenotalwaysfortherightreasons.

【答案】16.B17.D18.F19.C20.G

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了如何保持積極性。

16題詳解】

前句"Howdowestaymotivatedoncewehavecommittedourselvestoaction?（一旦我們承諾采取行動(dòng)，我們

如何保持動(dòng)力？）”提到了如何才能保持持久的積極性的問(wèn)題，后句"Herearesometipstohelpusstay

motivated」這里有一些幫助我們保持動(dòng)力的建議）”說(shuō)以下是保持積極性的一些建議，可知本句回答上文

如惡化保持積極性的問(wèn)題。故B選項(xiàng)“自我激勵(lì)需要努力”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B。

【17題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“Rememberthatyouhavealreadyovercomeotherobstacles.（記住，你已經(jīng)克服了其他障礙）”以及

后文"Believinginyourcapacityforsuccessisabrilliantmotivator.（相信自己有能力取得成功是一個(gè)很好的

激勵(lì)因素）”可知，本句與相信自己有關(guān)，小標(biāo)題中的self-belief和后句中的Believingin可對(duì)應(yīng)到D選項(xiàng)

相信自己和自己的能力。故D選項(xiàng)“相信自己和自己的能力”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。

【18題詳解】

根據(jù)后文“Thefirststeptoachievingadreamistoturnitintoaseriesofgoals.Along-termgoalwillbethe

ultimatedream一let'ssay,settingupanewbusiness.Short-termandmedium-termgoalswillbethestagesonthe

roadtothefinalgoal.（實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的第一步是把它變成一系列的目標(biāo)。一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的目標(biāo)將是最終的夢(mèng)想----

比方說(shuō)，建立一個(gè)新的企業(yè)。短期和中期目標(biāo)將是通往最終目標(biāo)的道路上的階段）”提到實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的第一

步就是將終極夢(mèng)想分解成若干小目標(biāo)，可知本句與夢(mèng)想有關(guān)，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)中dreams對(duì)應(yīng)后句的dream。故F選

項(xiàng)“我們的夢(mèng)通常有點(diǎn)不確定和不清楚”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。

【19題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“Choosetostayhappy,tobecontented,andmotivated.Rememberthathappinessshouldnotbeafinal

goal.（選擇保持快樂(lè)，滿足，有動(dòng)力。記住，快樂(lè)不應(yīng)該是最終目標(biāo)）”提到快樂(lè)不應(yīng)該是你的終極目標(biāo)，

選項(xiàng)承接前句，說(shuō)快樂(lè)應(yīng)該是生活本該有的樣子。選項(xiàng)中的It代指前句的happiness。故C選項(xiàng)“它一定

是你的生活方式”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。

【20題詳解】

該段的小標(biāo)題是"Keepyourmotivesinmind（不忘初心）"結(jié)合上文"Periodically,itisgoodtostepbackand

takeacriticallookatwhatyouaredoingandwhy.Thiswillhelpyoutoseewhetheryourmotivesarethesameas

theywereatthestartofyourventure.（定期地退后一步，批判性地審視一下你在做什么以及為什么做，這是

件好事。這將幫助你了解你的動(dòng)機(jī)是否和最初一樣）”提到行動(dòng)過(guò)程中時(shí)不時(shí)地停歇下來(lái)看看自己初心是

否發(fā)生了改變，后句"Doingsomethingforthewrongmotives,especiallythosethatfalloutsidethelaw,canbe

asourceofmuchworryandcertainlywillleadtomotivationbeingaffected」出于錯(cuò)誤的動(dòng)機(jī)去做某事，尤其是

那些不合法的動(dòng)機(jī)，可能會(huì)引起很多擔(dān)憂，肯定會(huì)導(dǎo)致動(dòng)機(jī)受到影響）”說(shuō)錯(cuò)誤的動(dòng)機(jī)可能是你行動(dòng)中的

焦慮之源，從而導(dǎo)致你的積極性大受影響，可知本句是在說(shuō)明動(dòng)機(jī)改變的正確與否。故G選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)機(jī)的

改變并不總是出于正確的原因”符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。

第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）

第一節(jié)（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最

佳選項(xiàng)。

ThereoncewasalittleboywhowantedtomeetAngel.HeknewitwasalongtriptowhereAngellived,sohe

packedhis21withbreadandasix-packofrootbeerandhestartedhis22.

Whenhehad23threeblocks,hemetanoldwoman.Shewassittingintheparkjust24some

pigeonsblankly.Theboysatdownnexttoherand25hissuitcase.Hewasabouttotakeadrinkfromhis

rootbeerwhenhenoticedthattheoldladylooked26,soheofferedhersomebread.She27accepted

itandsmiledathim.Her28wassoprettythattheboywantedtoseeitagain,sohe29herarootbeer.

Onceagainshesmiledath