高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第1部分 基礎(chǔ)知識解讀 Unit 2 Cloning用書 新人教版選修8-新人教版高三選修8英語試題

Unit2CloningⅠ.寫作單詞——會拼寫1．cast vt. 扔；投；擲2．obtain vt. 獲得；贏得3．a(chǎn)ttain vt. 獲得；到達(dá)(水平、年齡、狀況等)4．owe vt. 欠(賬、錢、人情等)；歸功于……5．bother vt. 打擾 vi. 操心 n. 煩擾6．strike vt.&vi. 打；撞擊；罷工 n. 罷工7．undertake vt. 著手；從事；承擔(dān)8．forbid vt. 禁止；不準(zhǔn)9．exact adj. 精確的；準(zhǔn)確的→exactly adv. 精確地；準(zhǔn)確地10．a(chǎn)ccumulate vt.&vi. 積累；聚積→accumulation n. 積累；聚積11．resist vt. 抵抗；對抗→resistance n. 抵抗；對抗12．a(chǎn)ssume vt. 假定；設(shè)想→assumption n. 假定；設(shè)想13．differ vi. 不同；相異→different adj. 不同的→difference n. 不同；差異14．object vi. 反對；不贊成→objection n. 不贊成；反對；異議→objective adj. 真實(shí)的；客觀的；無偏見的15．retire vi. 退休；離開→retired adj. 退休的；離職的→retirement n. 退休16．reason n. 理由；原因→reasonable adj. 合情理的；講道理的；公道的→unreasonable adj. 不合情理的Ⅱ.閱讀單詞——要識記17．straightforwardadj. 簡單的；直接的；坦率的18．breakthroughn. 突破19．a(chǎn)ltogetheradv. 總共；完全地20．drawbackn. 缺點(diǎn)；不利條件21．a(chǎn)dorevt. 崇拜；愛慕；喜愛高頻短語——會默寫1．payoff 得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；償清2．castdown 沮喪；不愉快3．objectto 反對4．infavorof 贊成；支持5．(be)boundto(do) 一定或注定(做)……6．oone'sheart 使……刻骨銘心7．fromtimetotime 不時(shí)；偶爾8．bringbacktolife 使復(fù)生；使復(fù)活9．invain 白費(fèi)力氣；枉費(fèi)心機(jī)10．ingood/poorcondition 狀況很好/壞；情況很好/壞教材原句——會背誦句式仿寫——能應(yīng)用1.Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging.(that引導(dǎo)同位語從句)1.這些年來地球逐漸變暖的事實(shí)，使科學(xué)家們非常擔(dān)心。Thefacthasworriedmanyscientiststhattheearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.2.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.(完全倒裝)2.接著傳來了屠呦呦，一位女科學(xué)家，獲得諾貝爾獎的令人興奮的消息。ThencametheexcitingnewsthatTuYouyou，awomanscientist，wontheNobelPrize.3.Theadvantageisthatifthereisanewillnesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydie，butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration.(Theadvantageisthat...其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是……)3.其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是如果你能講流利的英語，你更有可能找到好工作。TheadvantageisthatifyoucanspeakEnglishfluently，youaremorelikelytofindagoodjob.4.However，scientistsstillwonderwhethercloningwillhelporharmusandwhereitisleadingus.(whether...or是……還是……)4.有一次讓我們自己決定是否在公園里野餐或者去博物館。Oncewewerelefttodecidewhethertohaveapicnicinaparkorgotoamuseum.精講6個(gè)考綱單詞objectvi.反對；不贊成n．物體；目標(biāo)[經(jīng)典例句]Ifanybodyobjects，we'llpostponethemeetingtillnextweek.如果有人反對，我們就把會議推遲到下周。(1)objectto(doing)sth. 反對(做)某事(2)objectionn. 反對；厭惡haveanobjectiontodoingsth. 反對做某事①Weobjecttobeingblamed(blame)forsomethingthatwehaven'tdone.我們反對因沒有做過的事而受到批評。②Mymainobjection(object)totheplanisthatitcoststoomuch.我反對該計(jì)劃的主要理由是它費(fèi)用太高。[鏈接寫作]一句多譯就我個(gè)人而言，我反對停車收費(fèi)。①AsfarasI'mconcerned,Ihaveanobjectiontochargingforparking．(objection)②Inmyopinion，Iobjecttochargingforparking．(object)③Inmyview,Iamopposedtochargingforparking．(oppose)④Frommypointofview，I'magainstchargingforparking．(against)【導(dǎo)學(xué)號：30892176】undertake(undertook；undertaken)vt.著手；從事；承擔(dān)[教材原句]Itisadifficulttasktoundertake.這是一項(xiàng)很難完成的任務(wù)。undertakeatask 承擔(dān)任務(wù)undertaketodosth. 同意、答應(yīng)或著手做某事undertakethat... 保證……①Wemustactasquicklyaspossiblenow.Justtelluswhetheryoucanundertakethetaskornot.(2015年湖北高考·完成句子)現(xiàn)在我們必須盡快采取行動。你就告訴我們你能否承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)任務(wù)吧。②AsfarasIknow，hehasundertakentofinish(finish)thejobbyFriday.據(jù)我所知，他已答應(yīng)星期五之前完成那項(xiàng)工作。forbid(forbade/forbad，forbidden)vt.禁止；不準(zhǔn)[教材原句]Somebegantoreformtheirlegalsystemsandforbaderesearchintohumancloning...有些政府開始改革他們的法律制度，禁止進(jìn)行克隆人的研究……forbidsb.sth. 禁止某人某事forbiddoingsth. 禁止做某事eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(forbidsb.todosth.,forbidsb.fromdoingsth.)) 禁止某人做某事①Weshouldtakemeasurestoforbidreturningillegalcookingoiltodinnertables.我們應(yīng)采取措施禁止地溝油回流到餐桌。②Myfatherforbademefrommeeting(meet)myfriendsonlineattheInternetcafe.我父親禁止我去網(wǎng)吧見我的網(wǎng)友。③Hewasforbiddentoleave(leave)thebaseasapunishment.作為懲罰，他被禁止離開基地。owevt.欠(賬、錢、人情等)；歸功于……；應(yīng)感謝[經(jīng)典例句]Thanksforstickingupforme，Ioweyouafavour.謝謝你支持我，我欠你一個(gè)人情。(1)owesb.anapology 該向某人道歉owesb.sth.＝owesth.tosb. 欠某人某物(2)owe...to... 把……歸功于……oweittosb.that... 多虧某人……(3)owingto 因?yàn)椋挥捎冖買mustsayIowealltheachievementstotheencouragementandhelpfrommycolleaguesandfriends.我必須說我的這些成就都應(yīng)歸功于我的同事和朋友們的鼓勵(lì)和幫助。②IoweittothedoctorthatIamstillalive.我仍然活著，這要?dú)w功于那位醫(yī)生。③Owing(owe)totherain，thematchwascancelled.比賽因下雨取消了。bothervt.打擾vi.操心n．煩擾；令人煩惱的事或人[教材原句]However，theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.然而，之后她患上了嚴(yán)重的肺病，這個(gè)問題困擾了科學(xué)家們。(1)bothersb.with/aboutsth. 為某事打擾或麻煩某人bothertodosth. 費(fèi)心去做某事Itbotherssb.that/todosth. 使某人苦惱的是……(2)putsb.toanybother 給某人添亂①Youdon'tbothertoget(get)dinnerformetoday；I'lleatout.今天你不用費(fèi)心為我做飯了，我出去吃。②Idon'twanttoputhimtoanybother，soItrydoingitbymyself.我不想給他添亂，所以，我試著自己來做這件事。strikevt.&vi.打；撞擊；罷工；襲擊；報(bào)時(shí)；劃(火柴)；忽然想起n.罷工[一詞多義]寫出下列句子中strike的詞性和詞義①Greatlystruckbythebeautyofthelanguage，IthoughthoweventodayShakespeare'swritingremainspowerfulandtrue. vt.給……以深刻印象②AwonderfulideastruckmesuddenlywhenIwaswalkingonthestreet. vt.忽然想起③Itisbynomeansclearwhatthepresidentcandotoendthestrike. n.罷工④Igotupearlythismorningbeforetheclockstruckfive. vt.&vi.(鐘)報(bào)時(shí)⑤Abigearthquakestruckthecitylastyear，killingdozensofpeople. vt.突然襲擊(1)bestruckwith/by 為……所襲擊(感動)Itstrikesmethat... 我覺得……；我的印象是……sth.strikesb. 某人突然想到……(2)beonstrike 在罷工goonstrike 舉行罷工⑥I'dliketosayhowmuchIamstruckbyboththescenicbeautyandyourwarmhospitality.我想說我對這里的美麗景色印象很深，并且被你的熱情好客所感動。詮釋2個(gè)核心短語payoff得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；償清[高考佳句]IwasveryinterestedinEnglishandworkedhardatit.Finallyallmyeffortspaidoff.我對英語非常感興趣而且付出了努力，最后我所有的努力都得到了回報(bào)。payforsth. 付某物的錢；為某事物付出代價(jià)paysb.forsth. 因某事物給某人報(bào)酬payback 償還(欠款)；報(bào)復(fù)①ThatIcanpaybackthehelppeoplegivememakesmehappy.能夠回報(bào)人們給我的幫助讓我感到很開心。②Hehadtoworkpart-timesoastopayforhiseducation.他必須做兼職工作來支付學(xué)費(fèi)。ingood/poorcondition狀況很好(壞)；情況很好(壞)[經(jīng)典例句]Thecarhasbeenwellmaintainedandisingoodcondition.這輛車一直保養(yǎng)得很好，車況極佳。(1)outofcondition 健康狀況欠佳(2)onconditionthat... 在……條件下；倘若……onnocondition 一點(diǎn)也不；決不(放在句首時(shí)，用部分倒裝語序)(3)working/living/studyingconditions 工作/生活/學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境①Youcankeepthebooksforabout3weeksonconditionthatyoupreservethemwell.這些書你可以借三個(gè)禮拜，條件是你必須好好保存。②Onnoconditionshouldyouloseheartwhenyouareintrouble.當(dāng)你處境危險(xiǎn)時(shí)，你決不能失去信心。突破1個(gè)高考句型(教材P15)Theadvantageisthatifthereisanewillnesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydie，butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration.其優(yōu)勢是如果發(fā)生某種新的疾病，這些動物中的一些可能會死掉，但是另外一些卻能存活下來，并且把這種免疫力傳給下一代。Theadvantageisthat...“優(yōu)勢是……”，that此處引導(dǎo)表語從句。Theadvantage/strengthof...isthat... ……的優(yōu)勢是……Thedisadvantageof...isthat... ……的不足是……Thedrawbackof...isthat... ……的缺點(diǎn)是……Theproblemof...isthat... ……的問題是……Thechanceisthat... 有可能……①Thedrawbackofthepopularityofcarsisthatitbringsaboutsomuchairpollution.汽車普及的缺點(diǎn)是它帶來了嚴(yán)重的空氣污染。②Thechanceisthatourteamwillfinishatthetop，asourremainingmatchesaren'ttoodifficult.由于我們隊(duì)余下的比賽不太艱難，我們隊(duì)在結(jié)束時(shí)有可能名列前茅。[多角快練]——練單詞練短語練句型————————————基礎(chǔ)考點(diǎn)全面練Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Doyouthinkit's(reason)toexpectpeopletoworkmorethan60hoursaweek?2．Wemayaskherafewquestionstomakesureweknow(exact)whatshewants.3．(owe)toherassistance，wesucceededinstartingtheengine.4．Whybother(go)abroadtostudy，whentherearesomanygooduniversitiesathome?5．(retire)frombusiness，henowoccupieshimselfwithhisgarden.6．ThenewclothesinthatshoparesobeautifulthatAnnacannotresist(take)acloselookatthem，althoughshecannotaffordthematpresent.【答案】1.reasonable2.exactly3.Owing4.togo5.Havingretired6.takingⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Hehasnoteasilycastdown，becauseheisastrong-mindedperson.2．After10yearsofhardwork，theypaidbacktheirdebtsatlast.3．Youareboundtofeelingnervousaboutyourjobinterview.【導(dǎo)學(xué)號：30892177】4．ItwasknowntoallthatBobhadbrokenhispromisehewouldgivethemarise.【答案】1.has→is2.back→off3.feeling→mise后加that重難考點(diǎn)多維練1．forbid全接觸(1)單句語法填空①Iwillforbidyou(leave)unlessyouapologizeforwhatyouhavedone.②Themanagerforbids(smoke)duringofficehours.③Thestudentsareforbidden，unlesstheyhavespecialpasses，(stay)outafter11pm.(2)句式升級④We(禁止外出),sowehadtostayathomeaimlessly.→，wehadtostayathomeaimlessly.(分詞作狀語)【答案】①toleave②smoking③tostay④wereforbiddenfromgoingout；Forbiddenfromgoingout2．condition面面觀(1)句型轉(zhuǎn)換(每空一詞)①Youshouldtellhimwhathashappenedonnocondition.(改為倒裝句)→tellhimwhathashappened.②Theyagreedtolendusthecaraslongaswereturneditbeforetheweekend.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)→Theyagreedtolendusthecarwereturneditbeforetheweekend.(2)補(bǔ)全句子③只要手機(jī)的狀況良好，我不在意價(jià)格。Idon'tcareabouttheprice；．【答案】①Onnoconditionshouldyou②onconditionthat③solongasthecellphoneisingoodconditionⅠ.課文短文改錯(cuò)根據(jù)P15教材課文內(nèi)容，對下面材料進(jìn)行修改。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。Thepossibilityofcloningfierceandextinctwildanimalshavealwaysexcitedfilmmakers.Andtheyarenottheonlyone.ThepopularityofthefilmJurassicParkproveshowinterestingordinarypeopleareinthesubject.Itisafilminthatascientistclonesseveralkindofextinctdinosaurs.Infact，wearelongwayfrombeingabletocloneextinctanimals.Fromtimetotimepeoplesuggestedthattheanimalsthathavedisappearedfromtheearth，canbebroughtbacktothelifethroughcloning.Unfortunately，basedonwhatweknow，itispossible.Sodinosaurs'returnedtotheearthismerelyadream.【答案】1.第一句的have→has2.第二句的one→ones3.第三句的interesting→interested4.第四句的that→which5.第四句的kind→kinds6.第五句的long前加a7.第六句的suggested→suggest8.第六句的life前的the去掉9.第七句的possible→impossible10.第八句的returned→returningⅡ.高考話題微寫作根據(jù)提示，利用本單元所學(xué)知識完成下面的小作文。1．很多人反對克隆人，甚至有的國家禁止科學(xué)家對克隆人進(jìn)行研究。(object；forbid)2．他們很沮喪，因?yàn)榭寺∪嗽诘赖律喜缓侠怼?castdown；reasonable)3．然而，另外一些國家不同，他們支持醫(yī)學(xué)克隆。(differ；infavourof)4．事實(shí)上，很多國家都在進(jìn)行著醫(yī)學(xué)克隆，并取得了很大的突破。(undertake；obtain；breakthrough)5．因此，我們不能抵制它。(resist)