2022北京朝陽區(qū)高一下學(xué)期期末英語試題和答案

2022北京朝陽高一（下）期末英語本試卷共10頁?？忌鷦?wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效。第一部分知識運(yùn)用（共三節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的、B、、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。TheJoysofGettingLostManyyearsago,IwasspeakingataconferenceSanAntonio,I___1___adaysalone,explorethetown.SoattractedbythesightssoundsremindedmesomuchofMexico,Ibecame___2___anareafarfromtheareastouristsoftenvisit.I___3___noticedthefamiliarsmelloffreshmasafollowedmynose.Therewasafoodfilledwithpeople,allofwhomturnedlookedatmeasIwalkedtheIsurelydidn’tlooklikeIbelongedthere.I___4___getmorethandirections.Isteppedupthecounter柜臺)andasked,Spanish,forpoundsofthefreshmasa.Themanbehindthecounter___5___,lookedatandwentintoabackroom.minuteshe___6___withanolderwoman.askedme,Spanish,whatIwasgoingdowiththemasa.ItoldherIwasgoingtakebackPhiladelphiamaketamales玉米粉蒸肉).Thencamethe___7___.Unsmiling,sheaskedIknewthesecretmakinggoodtamales.Ilookedathersaidthatonemustbeagoodmood,ortheywouldtastebad.___8___widelyenvelopedmeahugehug.Everyonetheplacecheered.hermeandmasaback___9___.Istayedtouchwithmyfriendsforseveralyearsafterthat,andfeel___10___wheneverIofSanAntonio.1.A.leftB.returnedB.silentC.arrivedC.angryD.repliedD.tired2.A.lost3.A.seldom4.A.decided5.A.something6.A.escaped7.A.testB.immediatelyB.agreedC.evenD.suddenlyD.beggedD.anythingD.stoodC.pretendedC.everythingC.appearedC.meetingC.travelledC.hotelB.nothingB.cookedB.discussionB.knewD.serviceD.smiledD.house8.A.listened9.A.storeB.companyB.warm10.A.sadC.lonelyD.hungry第二節(jié)選詞填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）閱讀下面句子，根據(jù)句意，從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)詞組并用其正確形式填空。becuriousaboutcomesumuptakeactionbehonouredberegardedasworkoutreferendupbreakdownIsthisthebeautifulsmalltownthatyouoften________?12.Asweallbabies________everythingaround13.________havingputourholidaybecausebad14.Unlessgovernments________,atmospherewillcontinueheatup.15.I________inviteyouvisitanexhibition,whosetheme“CreativityLightsUpLife”.16.AlthoughEileenGu19yearsold,she________oneofthetopfreestyleskiers.17.________,forahealthyheartyoumusttakeregularexerciseandstopsmoking.18.need________muchfoodwe’llneedtakewith19.I________someoldphotoswhenIwascleaningouttheroom.20.Sandrawaslateforthemeetingbecausehercar________.（請務(wù)必將第至20題的答案寫在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)）第三節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）閱讀下面句子，根據(jù)句子內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。21.Itacommonknowledge________practicemakesperfect.用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)22.Money________(spend)onthebrainneverspentvain.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)23.onething________(be)betterthanhearahundredtimes.所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)24.InthisIwillattempt________(explain)ledupcultural所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空)25.ontheriverbank,________(feel)thewarmthofthesunagainstherface.所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)26.Hewasveryhappyhismother________(take)goodcareofhospital.所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)27.Johnhasbeenunwell,thismaybethereason________helostthematch.用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)28.Pleasedo________yourparentsaskOtherwise,you’llgetintotrouble.用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)29.Stevenadesigner________workshavewoninternationalpraise.用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)30.Home________findlovecare.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)（請務(wù)必將第21至30題的答案寫在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)）第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的、、、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AReadthepostPaulonthe“Answers4U”website.ReadwhatSarahwritestoPaul.31.WhatproblemdoesPaulhave?A.Heworriesabouthiscareerlife.B.Heconsidershimselfnotcreative.C.Hehasdifficultyunderstandingthings.32.Whatwelearnfromreply?A.Shedoesn’tgetwhyPaulafraid.D.Hewillfailhiscoursehoweverhardheworks.B.ShebelieveseachquestionhastherightC.Shethinkspeopleshouldoftenreflectontheirideas.D.Shethinkspeopleshouldthinkfreelywithoutfearofjudgement.33.Fromthepassageweknowthat________.A.PaulandSaraharestrangersB.PaulandSarahhavetheideaD.PaulandSaraharefromthesameplaceC.PaulandSaraharecollegeclassmatesBAdocumentarycalledSilverSurfersshowstheinspiringstoryofagroupofteenshelpingelderlypeopleimprovethequalityoflivesbyteachingthemmakeuseoftheInternet.RosemaryRaynes,thedirectorofthegottheideawhentalkinghersistersPoppyAmyaboutaprojecttheyhadstartedseveralyearsbeforeKinston,Canada.Theteenagershadacleargoal:theywantedhelpelderlypeoplefeelmoreconnectedotherpeople,throughuseoftheInternet.TheteenagersstartedtheprojectafterseeingInternethadchangedtheirowngrandparents’lives.TheirgrandparentscouldusetheInternetatabasiclevelbutwantedbecomemoreskillful.Afterthetwogirlshadgivenabasiclessons,theywereusethecomputerandbecameeagerusersofFacebookemail.Thestudentswereinspiredbythesuccessthatgotseveraloftheirfriendsjointhem.theystartedvisitalocalhomeforelderlypeople.Manyofthepeoplethereevenswitchonacomputerwithouthelp.Buttheyoungpeoplewereamazedtheylearnedafteronlyafewlessons.interestingseesilversurfersfeaturedthedocumentaryallhaddifferentinterests.SomeofthemwanteduseFacebookstaytouchwithfamilymembers.Otherswereeagergetideasfortravelling,playinganinstrumentorcooking.Throughtheproject,silversurfershavegotgoodresults:89-year-oldSheila,togetherwithafriend,managedcreateacookingclass;93-year-oldMarilynsucceededmakingarapvideo;Albert,usedInternetreconnectonlinewithpeopleheseenmanyyears.Theprojectbeenmetgreatinterestseveralcountries,andanumberoffollow-upprojectshavebeenstarted.Theyareallaimedathelpingelderlypeopleexplorethebenefitsofhaveandstaytouchwithothers—thanksawonderfulprojectteenagegirls.34.WhatdoesthedocumentarySilverSurfersshow?A.Elderlyachievementsimpresstheworld.B.elderlypeopleusetheInternet.C.Elderlypeopletogetherwithlong-lostfriends.D.helpelderlypeoplemastercookingskills.35.WhyaretheexamplesofsilversurfersmentionedParagraph5?A.explaintheeffectoffollow-upprojects.B.suggestthegoodtopicsforC.provepositiveoutcomesachievedbytheproject.D.encouragemoreteenagerstakeparttheproject.36.Whichcouldbebestforthepassage?A.HomeProjectsforDirectorsB.GreatSuccessforaDocumentaryC.WhenSilverSurfersGetConnectedD.HowtheInternetSavesSilverSurfersCPeoplehavebeentellingstoriesforaslongastheyhavebeenwalkingtheEarth.AndcavepaintingsGlobeTheatreHollywoodfilms,themethodsoftellingthemhavegotmoreandmorecomplex.Inthe1960s,astorytellingartformappeared—theurbanlegend(都市傳奇).you’veneverheardtheterm,you’vecertainlyheardanurbanlegend.WhataboutthestoryoftheunwantedpetalligatorsthatwererusheddowntoiletandlivingthetubesofNewCity?Orawhowokeuptheyardanoteinforminghimthathishousebeenstolen?OneofthekeyfeaturesofurbanlegendlackofThestoriesappearmysteriouslyandarethenpassedonbywordofmouth.And,althoughwethesemini-storiesofhumourandawkwardnessarealmostcertainlynottrue,partofuswantsbelieveThentheInternet,whichpackedwithstories(everythingfromjokesthelatestbooksfromtop-sellingauthors),helpedcreateandspreadurbanlegends.BeforetheInternet,urbanlegendswentaroundquiteTheytooktimereachaaudience.TheInternetchangedallthatalmostovernight.TheInternettheperfectvehiclefortheurbanlegend,notonlyallowsthestoriesspreadmuchfasterbutallowsforgreatertoo—alotofwhatwereadonlinedoesn’thaveauthor’snameattachedThisanonymityaddstheoverallOfcourse,theInternetalsoallowsyoucheckthetruthofastorymoreOveranumberofsiteshaveappearedwhichcollectstories,findoutthetruthabouttheiroriginsandreporttheresults.Oftenthereanytruththestoryatall.Butsometimestheurbanlegendgrewfromsomethingthatdidactuallyhappen.BecauseoftheInternet,learningabouttheoriginsofanurbanlegendcanbeasinterestingandenjoyableasthestoryitself.37.Whatwelearnaboutstorytellingfromthefirstparagraph?A.Ithaschangedovertime.B.Itrequiresmodernmethods.C.Itthewayexploreearth.D.Ithasoriginatedfromtime.38.Whatdoestheauthorwhensays“thepackedwithstories”?A.Thereareonlinestories.B.Thestoriesspreadslowlyonline.D.Thestoriestaketoomuchspaceonline.C.Thereareallkindsofonline.39.AstheinfluenceoftheInternetonurbanlegends,theauthor________.A.worriedB.satisfiedC.puzzledD.surprised40.Whatweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Urbanlegendsaregenerallymysteriousstories.B.UrbanlegendsappearatsametimeastheInternet.C.Itmorefunfindcomparedwiththestoryitself.D.Peoplelikediscoverwhetherurbanlegendsaretrueornot.DWhereDidMusicComeLookanywhereandyou’llfindmusic.asingleexception,everycultureproducessomeformoforiginremainsonethegreatsecretsofhumanTheoldestknowninstrumentsare42,000-year-oldbonediscoveredcavesMusicsurelyappearedbutthethatmusicdoesn’tfossilizeandourbrainsfossilize.littlehardevidence,scientistsstilldiscusswhatevolutionarypurposemusicservesorwhetherservesanypurposeatall.Formanyyears,musicresearchershavemoreorlesssettledintotwocamps:thosewhobelievetheevolutionofmusicabiologicaladaptation,andthosewhobelieveaculturalinvention.Inthelatterargument,thewelovedearlyno“auditorycheesecake”,asevolutionaryscientistStevenPinkersaid.Ratherabiologicaladaptationownright,musicapleasingbyproductofotheradaptations,likelanguage.“Asfarasbiologicalcauseconcerned,musicuseless,”Pinkersaid.“Musiccoulddisappearfrommankindandtherestofourlifestylewouldbeabsolutelyunchanged.”Somefoundthisconclusiondismissive.Afterall,thecapacitymakeenjoyseemsrootedeachofus,justlikeothervaluableadaptations.“Thesedaysmusicaprofession,evenordinarypeoplewhoneverhadamusiclessonhaveimplicitknowledgeofthestructureofthemusicoftheirculture,”saysSandraascientistattheUniversityofmore,studiesmusicsensebabies.Theyarestronglyattractedmusic,theyevenremembermusicmonthsafterhearingtheseamazingabilities,”shesays,“andyouhavethinkthatthereabiologicalfoundationforit.”Thatnecessarilyweevolvedthatfoundationformusic,butmanyscientistshaveexplanationsforwhywemighthave.Somemusicasystemforsocialrelationships,helpingusexisttogetherunited,well-functioninggroups.Anotherpossibilitythatmusicoriginatesfromtherelaxingsoundsparentsmakecommunicatewithbabies.Someresearcherseventhattheearliestformofmusichavegivenriselanguageitself.OthersthinkthatmusiclanguageshareacommonSomehavesoughtawayaroundtheadaptation-inventiondifference.AmusicologistSavagehisgrouptellthedifferencebetween(aculturalproduct)musicality(abiologicalfoundationthatallowsuscreateandappreciatemusic).Thisalonedoesn’texplaintheoriginofmusic,butdoesallowroomforbothnatureandnurture.Theysuggestculturalmusicandbiologicalmusicalityhavedevelopedinakindof“gene-cultureevolution”.41.Peoplewhoseemusicasaculturalproductbelieve________.A.lifestylesofpeoplechangegreatlywithoutmusicB.musicjustamoreattractivethanatastycheesecakeC.musicanunexpectedresultofcertainbiologicaladaptationsD.musicservesthepurposeofevolvingresponsesurroundings42.Accordingpassage,Sandrabelievesthat________.A.babiesareablememorisemusicafterhearingformonthsB.babiesarebetteratrecognisingmusicaldifferencesadultsC.peoplewithoutmusicaltrainingknowaboutthemusicalstructuretheircultureD.musiccomesfromthesoundsmadebyparentswhencommunicatewith43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dismissive”Paragraph4probablymean?A.B.Unusual.C.Hopeless.D.44.Whatweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.theoryclearlyexplainswheremusiccameB.Savagebelievesbiologicalmusicalityappearedearlierthanculturalmusic.C.theoryconsideredbethebroadestculturalmusictheorysoD.Savagecombinestheadaptationandinventionviewsofmusichisresearch.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。brainmainlycomposedofabout85billionneurons神經(jīng)元),whichmorethenumberofstarsyoucanseewiththeeyes.___45___Forexample,whenyou’rewriting,someneuronssendthe“movefingers”messageotherneuronsthismessagethentravelsthroughthenerves神經(jīng))yourfingers.Theelectricalsignalsthatarecommunicatedfromoneneuronanotherarewhatallowseverything:write,think,jump,talk,andsoon.Eachneuroncanbeconnectedwithup10,000otherneurons,leadingplentyofconnectionsyourbrain,whichknownasneuralnets.Whenyou’relearning,importantchangeshappenyourbrain,includingthecreationofnewconnectionsbetweenyourneurons.___46___Themorepractice,thestrongertheseconnectionsbecome.Asyourconnectionsstrengthen,themessagesaredeliveredincreasinglymakingmoreeffective.Thatyoubecomebetteratanythingyoulearnwhetherplayingfootball,reading,drawing,andsoon.cancomparetheconnectionsbetweenyourneuronspathsaforest.throughaforestwithoutapathdifficult,becausehavepushtheplantsandthebranchesoutofwayyour___47___Onwhenstopusingthepath,theplantsback,andthepathslowlydisappears.Thisverysimilarwhathappensyourbrain—whenstoppracticingsomething,theconnectionsbetweenyourneuronsweakenandcanfinallyremoved.___48___possibleforsomeneuralnetworksbecomesostrongthatthepathsorconnectionscompletely___49___Practicingrepeatedlymakesyourneuronsactiveandmakeslearn.Thesechangeshappenasearlyaswhenababymother’sstomachcontinuesthroughoutaA.Neuronsareusuallydividedintodifferenttypesaccordingtheirlocation.B.Butthemoreusesamepath,theeasierpracticablebecomes.C.Thequestionyourneuronscreatestrengthentheirconnections.D.Aneuronacellsendinginformationtheformofelectricalsignalsotherneurons.E.whyhardreadingagainwhenschoolstartsyouhaven’treadallTheofyourbrainchangecreate,strengthenorweakenconnectionsbetweenneurons.G.Thefactthatlearningrewiresyourneuronsshowsthatthebrainchangesanddoesremainfixed.第三部分書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第50、51題各2分，第52題3分，第53題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。Formanypeople,oneofthebestexamplesofcreativegeniuswasAlbertEinstein,thephysicistwhocamewiththeTheoryofRelativity(相對論).whatknowthatEinsteinhadspecifictechniquesheuseddevelophisabilitythinkcreativelyandThemainapproachEinsteintookwas“possibilitythinking”.Itmeansgettingawayourfamiliarthoughtsandtryingimaginemanyotherpossiblethings,nomatterhowunbelievablemightseem.Einsteinaspecialtechniquethis,andhe“thethoughtexperiment”,whichsimplyanexperimentyoudoinsideyourownhead.ThemostfamousthoughtexperimenttheoneEinsteinusedgethimselfonthepathtowardstheTheoryofEinsteinwasinterestedlightthespeedoflightandrelationshiptime,andheoftenimaginedhimselfridingonalineofsunlight.Heusinghisimaginationlikethisallowedunderstandsomeoftherelationshipsbetweenlighttime.howweexperiencedependswhereweareandwhatwearedoing.Einsteinexplainedasfollows:“Whenyou’reaprettygirl,anhourseemslikeaminute.Ifyousitonahotfire,aminuteseemslikeanButordermakepossibilitythinkingeffective,wehavegiveourselvesopportunitiespracticeManypeoplesaytheir“thinkingtime”whenthey’retakingabath,orthey’rethebusworkorschool.ButEinsteinbelievedimportantdevotecertaintimeeveryday“creativethinking”:whateverproblemorideathatinterestsyou,setasidesomeeverydaythinkingaboutEinsteinalsobelievedthinkingaboutaproblemforatimeandnotgivingup:asheoncesaid“Ithinkandthinkformonthsandyears.Ninety-ninetimes,theconclusionfalse.ThehundredthtimeIamright.”50.HowdidEinsteingethimselfonthepathtowardsTheoryofRelativity?51.Accordingthispassage,whatdoes“therelativityoftime”mean?52.WhatdidEinsteinbelieveasbeingimportantforthinking?53.Whatdoyouof“creativethinking”?ExplainInabout40words)（請務(wù)必將第50至53題的答案寫在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)）第二節(jié)（20分）54.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高一學(xué)生李華。因?yàn)橐咔榉揽?，學(xué)校正在開展線上教學(xué)。你們班的英國交換生Jim在居家學(xué)習(xí)期間感到學(xué)習(xí)效率不高，向你尋求幫助。請你用英文給他寫一封電子郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.提供建議并說明理由；2.提醒做好防護(hù)。注意：1.左右；2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。提示詞：流行病pandemicDearJim,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________LiHua參考答案本試卷共10頁?？忌鷦?wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效。第一部分知識運(yùn)用（共三節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.ABC7.DD9.C10.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文，作者要去SanAntonio參加一個會議，作者提前了幾天到那里，文章講述了作者在一次外出探索這個城鎮(zhèn)迷路后的愉快經(jīng)歷?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我提前幾天到的，一個人，想要探索這個小鎮(zhèn)。A.left離開；B.returned返回；C.arrived到達(dá)；D.replied回答。根據(jù)“thetown”可知，作者在會議前幾天提前到了這個城市四處看看。故選C【2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我被那些讓我想起墨西哥的景象和聲音所吸引，在一個遠(yuǎn)離游客常去的地方迷路了。A.lost迷路的；silent沉默的；angry生氣的；D.tired累的。根據(jù)“farfromtheareasthattouristsoftenvisit”可知，作者在遠(yuǎn)離人群的地方迷路了，且由文章標(biāo)題“TheJoysofGettingLost”可知，下文是描述迷路后的經(jīng)歷。故選A【3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我突然注意到新鮮粉糊那熟悉的氣味，便跟著味道走。A.seldom很少；B.immediately立即；C.even甚至；D.suddenly突然。上文提到作者迷路了，此處指突然聞到新鮮粉糊的味道，便順著香味走去，故選D【4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我便決定不只是打聽方向。A.decided決定；B.agreed同意；C.pretended假裝；D.begged乞求。根據(jù)下一句“Isteppedupcounter柜臺)andasked,Spanish,forpoundsoffreshmasa.(我走到柜臺前，用西班牙語說要磅新鮮的粉糊)”可知，作者決定不僅問路，還要買十鎊粉糊，故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查代詞詞義辨析。句意：柜臺后面的人什么也沒說，只是看著我，并走進(jìn)了后面的一個房間。A.something某些事情；B.nothing沒有什么；C.everything每件事情，一切；D.anything任何事情。根據(jù)“butlookedatmewentintoaback”可知，此處表示否定，指柜臺后面的人什么也沒說，而是看了看作者然后走進(jìn)后面的房間，故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：幾分鐘后，他帶著一個年長的女人出現(xiàn)了。A.escaped逃跑；B.cooked飪；C.appeared出現(xiàn)；D.stood站立。根據(jù)下文“Sheaskedme,Spanish,whatIwasgoingdowiththemasa.(她用西班牙語問我用粉糊做什么”可知，此處指他和一個年長的女人出來了。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后她開始接待我。A.測驗(yàn)，考試；B.discussion討論；C.meeting會議；D.service（對顧客的）接待，服務(wù)。根據(jù)語境可知，她問作者買粉糊做什么，作者回答后她就開始準(zhǔn)備粉糊，故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她笑得很開心，給了我一個大大的擁抱。A.listened聽；B.knew知道；C.travelled旅行；D.smiled微笑。上文“Unsmiling,asked…”提到她面無表情地問作者，根據(jù)空后“…envelopedmeahugehug.”可知，聽了作者的回答后她笑得很開心，并擁抱了作者，故選D【9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她讓她兒子開車送我和粉糊回酒店。A.store商店；B.company公司；C.hotel旅館，酒店；D.house房子。根據(jù)上文可知，作者是來Antonio參加會議，應(yīng)是住在酒店。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在那之后的幾年里，我一直和我的新朋友們保持著聯(lián)系，直到現(xiàn)在，每當(dāng)我想起Antonio，我仍然感到溫暖。A.sad悲傷的；B.warm溫暖的；C.lonely孤單的；D.hungry饑餓的。根據(jù)上文作者的經(jīng)歷及空前“Istayedtouchmynewfriendsforseveralyearsafterthat”可知，作者和他們成了朋友，一直保持聯(lián)系，所以每次想到那次經(jīng)歷應(yīng)是感到溫暖。故選B第二節(jié)選詞填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）【答案】refer12.arecuriousabout13.endedup14.takeaction15.amhonoured16.regardedas17.up18.work19.cameacross20.brokedown【解析】【題詳解】考查固定短語，時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：這就是你經(jīng)常提到的那個美麗的小鎮(zhèn)嗎？由“beautifultownthatoften”可知，句子表示“這就是你經(jīng)常提到的那個美麗的小鎮(zhèn)嗎”，空格處意為“提到”，是refertooften可知，句子時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，you是第二人稱，因此空格處用動詞原形，故填referto?！?2題詳解】考查固定短語，時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：我們都知道，嬰兒對周圍的一切都很好奇。由“everythingaroundthem”可知，嬰兒對周圍的一切都很好奇，空格處意為“對……好奇”，是固定短語curious，句子描述客觀事實(shí)，時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，babies是復(fù)數(shù)，因此空格處是arecuriousabout，故填arecuriousabout?！?3題詳解】考查固定短語和時態(tài)。句意：由于天氣不好，我們不得不推遲度假。由“putourholidaybecauseofbadweather”可知，句子表示“由于天氣不好，我們不得不推遲度假”，也就是我們最后不得不推遲度假，空格處意為“最后”，是endup，句子描述過去的事情，時態(tài)用一般過去時，空格處動詞用過去式，故填ended?！?4題詳解】考查固定短語，時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：除非各國政府采取行動，否則地球的大氣層將繼續(xù)升溫。由“theatmospherwillcontinueheat”可知，句子表示“除非各國政府采取行動，否則地球的大氣層將繼續(xù)升溫”，空格處意為“采取行動”，是固定短語takeaction，Unless引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句，用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，主語governments是復(fù)數(shù)，因此空格處用動詞原形，故填takeaction?！?5題詳解】考查固定短語，時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：我很榮幸邀請您參觀一個以“創(chuàng)意點(diǎn)亮生活”為主題的展覽。由“inviteyouvisitanexhibition,whosetheme“CreativityLightsLife””可知，句子表示“我很榮幸邀請您參觀一個以“創(chuàng)意點(diǎn)亮生活”為主題的展覽”，空格處意為“很榮幸”，是固定短語behonouredto，句子描述現(xiàn)在的事情，時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語I是第一人稱，因此空格處是amhonoured。故填honouredto?！?6題詳解】考查固定短語，時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：盡管谷愛凌只有19歲，但她被認(rèn)為是世界上最頂尖的自由式滑雪運(yùn)動員之一。由“oneofthetopfreestyle”可知，谷愛凌被認(rèn)為是世界上最頂尖的自由式滑雪運(yùn)動員之一，空格處意為“被認(rèn)為”，是beregardedas，句子描述客觀事實(shí)，時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語she是第三人稱單數(shù)，因此空格處是regarded。故填regarded?！?7題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：總之，為了心臟健康，你必須經(jīng)常鍛煉，停止吸煙。由“forahealthyheartmusttakeregularexercisesmoking”可知，句子表示“總之，為了心臟健康，你必須經(jīng)常鍛煉，停止吸煙”，空格處意為“總之”，是sum，位于句首，首字母大寫，故填sumup?！?8題詳解】考查固定短語不定式。句意：我們需要算出我們需要帶多少食物。由“muchfood”可知，句子表示“算出我們需要帶多少食物”，空格處意為“算出”，是work，need是固定短語，意為“需要做某事”，因此空格處用動詞原形，故填workout?！?9題詳解】考查固定短語和時態(tài)。句意：我在打掃房間的時候偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)一些舊照片。由“someoldphotos子表示“我在打掃房間的時候偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)一些舊照片”，空格處意為“偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)”，是固定短語comeacross，由“whenIwascleaningouttheroom”可知，句子描述過去的事情，時態(tài)用一般過去時，空格處動詞用過去式，故填cameacross?！?0題詳解】考查固定短語和時態(tài)。句意：桑德拉開會遲到了，因?yàn)樗能噳牧?。由“Sandrawaslateforthemeeting”可知，她的車壞了，空格處意為“出故障”，是breakdown，句子描述過去的事情，時態(tài)用一般過去時，空格處動詞用過去式，故填brokedown。（請務(wù)必將第至20題的答案寫在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)）第三節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）閱讀下面句子，根據(jù)句子內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。21.【答案】that【解析】【詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：眾所周知，熟能生巧。分析可知，句子為主語從句，it做形式主語，從句句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，連接詞為。故填that。22.【答案】spent【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：花在智力上的錢決不會白花。分析句子可知，句中謂語是is，空格處用非謂語動詞，Money和spend是邏輯動賓關(guān)系，因此空格處用過去分詞，作定語，表被動。故填spent。23.【答案】【解析】【詳解】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：看一件事勝過聽一百遍。句子描述客觀事實(shí)，時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是不定式“thing”，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)，因此空格處是is，故填is。24.【答案】explain【解析】【詳解】考查動詞不定式。句意：在本章中，我將試圖解釋導(dǎo)致文化差異的原因。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入非謂語動詞作賓語。attemptdosth.是固定短語，意為“企圖做某事”，故此處應(yīng)用動詞不定式。故填explain。25.【答案】feeling【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：特雷西躺在河岸上，感受著陽光照在臉上的溫暖。分析可知，句中謂語是lay，空格處用非謂語動詞，和feel之間是主動關(guān)系，因此空格處用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填feeling。26.【答案】taken【解析】【詳解】考查過去分詞。句意：他很高興看到他的母親在醫(yī)院受到很好的照顧。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入非謂語動詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。hismother與takecareof之間是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。故填taken。27.why【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：約翰身體不適，這可能是他輸?shù)舯荣惖脑?。分析可知，空格處引?dǎo)定語從句，先行詞reason是原因，且在從句中作狀語，因此用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)定語從句。故填why。28.what【解析】【詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：請按照你父母讓你做的去做。否則，你會有麻煩的。分析可知，此處引導(dǎo)賓語從句作動詞的賓語，連接代詞what引導(dǎo)從句，在從句中作賓語，指代事物，意為“……的事”。故填what。29.whose【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：史蒂文是一位設(shè)計(jì)師，他的作品贏得了國際贊譽(yù)。分析可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是designer，在從句中作定語，designer和works之間是所屬關(guān)系，空格處用whose引導(dǎo)定語從句。故填whose。30.where【解析】【詳解】考查表語從句。句意：家是你能找到愛和關(guān)懷的地方?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)的是表語從句，由句意可知，“家是你能找到愛和關(guān)懷的地方”，空格處意為“……的地方”，應(yīng)用連接副詞where引導(dǎo)。故填where。（請務(wù)必將第21至30題的答案寫在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)）第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）【答案】B32.D33.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，是一封網(wǎng)上的求助信和建議信?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一個帖子里的“Atfirst,Ithoughtwouldn’tbeaproblem-butI’mreallyanxiousbecauseI’mnotacreativepersonatall!起初，我以為這不會是一個問題，但現(xiàn)在我真的很焦慮，因?yàn)槲腋静皇且粋€有創(chuàng)造力的人！)”可知，保羅的問題是他認(rèn)為自己沒有創(chuàng)造力。故選B?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二個帖子里的“Ifyoutryanandotherpeoplelaughatyouridea,theirproblem,notyours.(如果你嘗試了一個想法，其他人卻嘲笑你的想法，那是他們的問題，不是你的問題。)”可知，她認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)該自由地思考，而不必害怕別人的評價。故選D?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“ReadthepostfromPaulonthe“Answers4U”website.(閱讀保羅在“回答”網(wǎng)站上發(fā)表的文章?！焙偷诙€帖子里的“Ireadyourpostandcompletelyrelateit.(我讀了你的帖子，完全能感同身受。)”可知，Paul在網(wǎng)上發(fā)文章求助，Sarah在網(wǎng)上回帖，因此他們是陌生人，故選A?！敬鸢浮緽35.C36.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一部名為《銀發(fā)網(wǎng)民》的新紀(jì)錄片，該片講述了一群青少年通過教他們?nèi)绾问褂没ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)來幫助老年人提高生活質(zhì)量的故事?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一自然段“AdocumentarycalledSilverSurfersshowstheinspiringstoryofagroupofteenshelpingelderlypeopleimprovethequalityoftheirlivesbyteachingthemhowmakeuseoftheInternet.（一部名為《銀發(fā)網(wǎng)民》的新紀(jì)錄片講述了一群青少年通過教老年人如何使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)來幫助老年人事。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五自然段“Throughtheproject,silversurfershavegotgoodresults:89-year-oldSheila,togetherwithafriend,managedcreateacookingclass;Marilynsucceededmakingarapvideo;Albert,89,usedInternetreconnectonlinewithpeopleseenformanyyears.（通過這個項(xiàng)目，銀發(fā)網(wǎng)民取得了很好的成績：歲的希拉和一個朋友一起在上開設(shè)了一個烹飪課；歲的瑪麗蓮成功制作了一段說唱視頻；89可知，作者提到銀發(fā)網(wǎng)民是為了證明項(xiàng)目取得的積極成果。故選C。【36題詳解】主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了一部名為《銀發(fā)網(wǎng)民》的新紀(jì)錄片，該片講述了一群青少年通過教他們?nèi)绾问褂没ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)來幫助老年人提高生活質(zhì)量的故事。在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的幫助下，老年人感覺到與他人的聯(lián)系更加緊密。D項(xiàng)“HowtheSavesSilverSurfers（互聯(lián)網(wǎng)如何拯救銀發(fā)網(wǎng)民）”最能概括文章主旨。故選D?！敬鸢浮緼C39.B40.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹的是都市傳說這種新的講故事的藝術(shù)形式?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“AndfromcavepaintingsGlobeTheatreHollywoodfilms,themethodsoftellingthemhavegotmoreandmorecomplex.(從洞穴壁畫到莎士比亞環(huán)球劇院再到好萊塢電影，講述它們的方法變得越來越復(fù)雜。)”可知，關(guān)于講故事，我們能從第一段中了解到講故事隨著時間的推移而改變。故選A?！?8題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段的“everythingfromjokesthelatestbooksfromtop-sellingauthors(從笑話到暢銷作家的新書，應(yīng)有盡有)”可知，“theInternetwithstories”的意思是網(wǎng)上有各種各樣的故事。故選?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“ThentheInternet,packedwithstories(everythingfromjokesthebooksfromtop-sellingauthors),helpedcreatespreadurbanlegends.(然后，充斥著故事的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)（從笑話到暢銷作家的新書，應(yīng)有盡有）幫助創(chuàng)造和傳播了都市傳說。)”，倒數(shù)第二段的“TheInternettheperfectvehiclefortheurbanlegend,fornotonlyallowsthestoriesspreadmuchfasterallowsforgreatertoo(互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是城市傳說的完美載體，因?yàn)樗粌H能讓故事更快地傳播，而且還能提供更大的匿名性)”和最后一段的“Ofcourse,theInternetalsoallowsyoucheckthetruthofastorymore當(dāng)然，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)也可以讓你更容易地核實(shí)一個故事的真實(shí)性。”可知，作者覺得互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對都市傳說有積極的作用，因此作者對此是滿意的，故選B。【40題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Ofcourse,theInternetalsoallowscheckthetruthofastorymoretime,anumbersiteshaveappearedwhichcollectstories,findoutthetruthabouttheiroriginsandreporttheresults.(當(dāng)然，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)也可以讓你更容易地核實(shí)一個故事的真實(shí)性。隨著時間的推移，出現(xiàn)了一些收集故事、查明故事來源的真相并報(bào)道結(jié)果的網(wǎng)站。)”可知，人們喜歡發(fā)現(xiàn)都市傳說的真假。故選D。【答案】D42.C43.C44.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要對音樂的起源進(jìn)行了說明，介紹了各種關(guān)于音樂起源的觀點(diǎn)和看法?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Foryears,researchershavemoreorlessintotwocamps:thosewhobelievetheevolutionofmusicabiologicaladaptation,andthosewhobelieveaculturalinvention.Inthelatterargument,themusicwelovedearlynomorethan“auditorycheesecake”,asevolutionaryscientistStevenPinkersaid.Ratherthanabiologicaladaptationownright,musicapleasingbyproductofotheradaptations,likelanguage.“Asfarasbiologicalcauseareconcerned,musicuseless,”Pinkersaid.“Musiccoulddisappearfromourmankindandtherestofourlifestylewouldbeabsolutelyunchanged.”(多年來，音樂研究人員或多或少分成兩大陣營：一派認(rèn)為音樂的進(jìn)化是一種生物適應(yīng)，另一派則認(rèn)為這是一種文化發(fā)明。在后一種觀點(diǎn)中，正如進(jìn)化科學(xué)家StevenPinker所說，我們鐘愛的音樂不過是“聽覺上的奶酪蛋糕”。音樂本身并不是一種生物適應(yīng)，而是語言等其他適應(yīng)的愉悅副產(chǎn)品?！熬蜕飳W(xué)的因果關(guān)系而言，音樂是無用的，”平克說。“音樂可能會從人類中消失，而我們其他的生活方式將絕對不會改變?！?”可知，視音樂為文化產(chǎn)品的人認(rèn)為音樂的目的是隨著環(huán)境的變化而變化。故選D。【42題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中““Thesedaysmusicaprofession,butevenordinarypeoplewhoneverhadamusiclessonhaveimplicitknowledgeofthestructureofthemusicoftheirculture,”SandraascientistattheUniversityof“如今音樂是一種職業(yè)，但即使是從未上過音樂課的普通人，對他們文化中的音樂結(jié)構(gòu)也有隱性的知識，”多倫多大學(xué)的科學(xué)家Sandra說)Sandra認(rèn)為沒有受過音樂訓(xùn)練的人知道他們文化中的音樂結(jié)構(gòu)。故選?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Afterall,thecapacitymakeandenjoymusicseemsrootedeachofus,justlikeothervaluableadaptations.(畢竟，制作和享受音樂的能力似乎根植于我們每個人，就像其他有價值的改編一樣”可知，后文提到制作和享受音樂的能力似乎根植于我們每個人，就像其他有價值的改編一樣，可見一些人認(rèn)為這一結(jié)論過于糟糕輕視。由此推知，劃線詞dismissive與hopeless(糟糕透頂?shù)囊馑冀咏?。故選?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“AmusicologistSavageandhisgrouptellthedifferencebetween(aculturalproduct)andmusicality(abiologicalfoundationthatallowsuscreateappreciatemusic).Thisalonedoesn’texplainthefinalofmusic,butdoesroomforbothnatureandnurture.Theysuggestthatculturalmusicandbiologicalmusicalityhavedevelopedakindof“gene-cultureevolution”.(音樂學(xué)家薩維奇和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)區(qū)分了音樂（一種文化產(chǎn)品）和音樂性（一種讓我們創(chuàng)造和欣賞音樂的生物學(xué)基礎(chǔ)）之間的區(qū)別。僅憑這一點(diǎn)并不能解釋音樂的最終起源，但它確實(shí)為先天和后天留出了空間。他們認(rèn)為，文化音樂和生物音樂性是在一種“基因-文化進(jìn)化”中共同發(fā)展起來的)”可推知，Savage的研究結(jié)合了音樂的改編觀和創(chuàng)造觀。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）【答案】D46.G47.B48.EC【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。神經(jīng)元是以電信號形式向其他神經(jīng)元發(fā)送信息的細(xì)胞。每個神經(jīng)元可以與多達(dá)10000個其他神經(jīng)元連接，從而在你的大腦中形成大量的連接，即神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。本文主要介紹如何幫助大腦神經(jīng)元建立和加強(qiáng)它們的聯(lián)系?！?5題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Forexample,whenyou’rewriting,someneuronssendthe“movemessageotherneuronsandthismessagethentravelsthroughthenerves神經(jīng))yourfingers.（例如，當(dāng)你寫作時，一些神經(jīng)元向其證關(guān)系，作者通過舉