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OracleArchitecturalComponentsObjectivesAftercompletingthislesson,youshouldbeabletodothefollowing:OutlinetheOraclearchitectureanditsmaincomponentsListthestructuresinvolvedinconnectingausertoanOracleinstancePasswordfileOverviewofPrimaryComponentsInstanceSGARedoLog
BufferSharedPoolDataDictionary
CacheLibraryCacheDBWRSMONPMONCKPTLGWROthersUser
processServer
processPGAControlfilesDatafilesDatabaseDatabase
BufferCacheRedoLogfilesJavaPoolLargePoolParameterfileArchivedLogfilesOracleServerAnOracleserver:Isadatabasemanagementsystemthatprovidesanopen,comprehensive,integratedapproachtoinformationmanagementConsistsofanOracleinstanceandanOracledatabaseOracleserverOracleInstanceAnOracleinstance:IsameanstoaccessanOracledatabaseAlwaysopensoneandonlyonedatabaseConsistsofmemoryandbackgroundprocessstructuresBackgroundprocessstructuresMemorystructuresInstanceSGARedoLog
BufferSharedPoolDataDictionary
CacheLibraryCacheDBWRSMONPMONCKPTLGWROthersDatabase
BufferCacheJavaPoolLargePoolEstablishingaConnection
andCreatingaSessionConnectingtoanOracleinstance: Establishingauserconnection CreatingasessionSessioncreatedDatabaseuserUser
processServer
processConnectionestablishedOracleserverOracleDatabaseAnOracledatabase:IsacollectionofdatathatistreatedasaunitConsistsofthreefiletypesPasswordfileParameterfileArchivedLogfilesControlfilesDatafilesRedoLogfilesOracleDatabasePhysicalStructureThephysicalstructureincludesthreetypesoffiles:ControlfilesDatafilesOnlineredologfilesControlfilesDatafiles(includesDataDictionary)HeaderOnlineRedoLogfilesMemoryStructureOracle’smemorystructureconsistsoftwomemoryareasknownas:SystemGlobalArea(SGA):Allocatedatinstancestartup,andisafundamentalcomponentofanOracleinstanceProgramGlobalArea(PGA):AllocatedwhentheserverprocessisstartedSystemGlobalAreaTheSGAconsistsofseveralmemorystructures:SharedPoolDatabaseBufferCacheRedoLogBufferOtherstructures(forexample,lockandlatchmanagement,statisticaldata)TherearetwoadditionalmemorystructuresthatcanbeconfiguredwithintheSGA:LargePoolJavaPoolSystemGlobalAreaIsdynamicSizedbytheSGA_MAX_SIZEparameterAllocatedandtrackedingranulesbySGAcomponentsContiguousvirtualmemoryallocationGranulesizebasedontotalestimatedSGA_MAX_SIZESharedPoolUsedtostore:MostrecentlyexecutedSQLstatementsMostrecentlyuseddatadefinitionsItconsistsoftwokeyperformance-relatedmemorystructures:LibraryCacheDataDictionaryCacheSizedbytheparameter
SHARED_POOL_SIZESharedPoolData
DictionaryCacheLibraryCacheALTERSYSTEMSETSHARED_POOL_SIZE=64M;LibraryCacheStoresinformationaboutthemostrecentlyusedSQLandPL/SQLstatementsEnablesthesharingofcommonlyusedstatementsIsmanagedbyaleastrecentlyused(LRU)algorithmConsistsoftwostructures:SharedSQLareaSharedPL/SQLareaSizedeterminedbytheSharedPoolsizingDataDictionaryCacheAcollectionofthemostrecentlyuseddefinitionsinthedatabaseIncludesinformationaboutdatabasefiles,tables,indexes,columns,users,privileges,andotherdatabaseobjectsDuringtheparsephase,theserverprocesslooksatthedatadictionaryforinformationtoresolveobjectnamesandvalidateaccessCachingdatadictionaryinformationintomemoryimprovesresponsetimeonqueriesandDMLSizedeterminedbytheSharedPoolsizingDatabaseBufferCacheStorescopiesofdatablocksthathavebeenretrievedfromthedatafilesEnablesgreatperformancegainswhenyouobtainandupdatedataManagedthroughanLRUalgorithmDB_BLOCK_SIZEdeterminesprimaryblocksizeDatabaseBuffer
CacheDatabaseBufferCacheConsistsofindependentsubcaches:DB_CACHE_SIZEDB_KEEP_CACHE_SIZEDB_RECYCLE_CACHE_SIZECanbedynamicallyresizedDB_CACHE_ADVICEsettogatherstatisticsforpredictingdifferentcachesizebehaviorStatisticsdisplayedbyV$DB_CACHE_ADVICEALTERSYSTEMSETDB_CACHE_SIZE=96M;RedoLogBufferRecordsallchangesmadetothedatabasedatablocksPrimarypurposeisrecoveryChangesrecordedwithinarecalledredoentriesRedoentriescontaininformationtoreconstructorredochangesSizedefinedbyLOG_BUFFERRedoLog
BufferLargePoolAnoptionalareaofmemoryintheSGARelievestheburdenplacedontheSharedPoolUsedfor:Sessionmemory(UGA)fortheSharedServerI/OserverprocessesBackupandrestoreoperationsorRMANParallelexecutionmessagebuffersPARALLEL_AUTOMATIC_TUNINGsettoTRUEDoesnotuseanLRUlistSizedbyLARGE_POOL_SIZECanbedynamicallyresizedJavaPoolServicesparsingrequirementsforJavacommandsRequiredifinstallingandusingJavaSizedbyJAVA_POOL_SIZEparameterProgramGlobalAreaMemoryreservedforeachuserprocessconnectingtoanOracledatabaseAllocatedwhenaprocessiscreatedDeallocatedwhentheprocessisterminatedUsedbyonlyoneprocessUser
processPGAServer
processProcessStructureOracletakesadvantageofvarioustypesofprocesses:Userprocess:StartedatthetimeadatabaseuserrequestsconnectiontotheOracleserverServerprocess:ConnectstotheOracleinstanceandisstartedwhenauserestablishesasessionBackgroundprocesses:StartedwhenanOracleinstanceisstartedUserProcessAprogramthatrequestsinteractionwiththeOracleserverMustfirstestablishaconnectionDoesnotinteractdirectlywiththeOracleserverDatabaseuserServer
processUser
processConnection
establishedServerProcessAprogramthatdirectlyinteractswiththeOracleserverFulfillscallsgeneratedandreturnsresultsCanbededicatedorsharedserverConnectionestablishedSessioncreatedDatabaseuserUser
processServer
processOracleserverBackgroundProcessesMaintainsandenforcesrelationshipsbetweenphysicalandmemorystructures:Mandatorybackgroundprocesses:DBWn PMON CKPTLGWR SMON Optionalbackgroundprocesses:ARCn LMDn QMNnCJQ0 LMON RECODnnn LMS Snnn LCKn PnnnDatabaseWriter(DBWn)DBWnwriteswhen:CheckpointoccursDirtybuffersreachthresholdTherearenofreebuffersTimeoutoccursRACpingrequestismadeTablespaceOFFLINETablespaceREADONLYTableDROPorTRUNCATETablespaceBEGINBACKUPInstanceSGAControlfilesDatafilesRedoLogfilesDatabaseDBWnDatabaseBuffer
CacheLogWriter(LGWR)LGWRwrites:AtcommitWhenone-thirdfullWhenthereis1MBofredoEverythreesecondsBeforeDBWnwritesInstanceSGAControlfilesDatafilesRedoLogfilesDatabaseRedoLogBufferDBWnLGWRSystemMonitor(SMON)
Responsibilities:InstancerecoveryRollsforwardchangesinonlineredologfilesOpensdatabaseforuseraccessRollsbackuncommittedtransactionsCoalescesfreespaceDeallocatestemporarysegmentsControlfilesDatafilesRedoLogfilesDatabaseInstanceSGASMONProcessMonitor(PMON)Cleansupafterfailedprocessesby:RollingbackthetransactionReleasinglocksReleasingotherresourcesRestartingdeaddispatchersPGAareaInstanceSGAPMONCheckpoint(CKPT)Responsiblefor:SignalingDBWnatcheckpointsUpdatingdatafileheaderswithcheckpointinformationUpdatingcontrolfileswithcheckpointinformationControlfilesDatafilesRedoLogfilesDatabaseInstanceSGADBWnLGWRCKPTArchiver(ARCn)OptionalbackgroundprocessAutomaticallyarchivesonlineredologfileswhenARCHIVELOGmodeissetPreservestherecordofallchangesmadetothedatabaseARCnArchivedredologfilesControlfilesDatafilesRedologfilesLogicalStructureDictateshowthephysicalspaceofadatabaseisusedHierarchyconsistingoftablespaces,segments,extents,andblocksTablespaceDatafileSegmentBlocksExtentSegmentProcessingSQLStatementsConne
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