2023-2024學(xué)年譯林版（2019）必修第三冊(cè)Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Extended reading學(xué)案（含答案）

B3U4Extendedreading學(xué)案重點(diǎn)詞匯詮釋1involvedadj.參與，有關(guān)聯(lián)；耗費(fèi)很多時(shí)間，關(guān)注(1)be/getinvolvedin...參與……，與……有關(guān)；專心于……(2)involvevt.牽涉，牽連；(使)參加，加入；包含，需要involvesb./oneselfin(doing)sth.使某人/某人自己參與(做)某事involvedoingsth.包括/需要做某事(3)involvementn.[U]參與；[U，C]投入?Childrencangetalotoutofbeinginvolvedinvolunteerwork.孩子們通過參加志愿者工作能學(xué)到很多東西。?IwassoinvolvedinmybookthatIdidn'thearyouknock.我全神貫注在看書，沒聽到你敲門。?Wewanttoinvolveasmanypeopleaspossibleinthecelebrations.我們希望參加慶典的人越多越好。?Michellefoundajobasahighschoolteacherwhichinvolvesspendingquitealotoftimewithstudents.米歇爾找到了一份高中教師的工作，(這份工作)需要花很多時(shí)間和學(xué)生在一起。單句語法填空①150participantsfromthreegradeswereinvolved________therace.②Carryingouttheresearchonthechimpanzeewillinvolve________(live)inthejungleforseveralyears.③Ourschoolproposesthatstudentsshouldinvolve________(they)incommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceofgrowth.④Allwhoparticipatedhavegainedapositiveoutcomefromgetting________(involve)．2creditn．[U]認(rèn)可，贊揚(yáng)，稱贊；[U，C]貸款，借款；[U]信用，信譽(yù)；[U]賒購，賒欠；[C]學(xué)分(1)givesb.creditfor...為……而稱贊某人(2)dosb.credit使某人值得贊揚(yáng)(3)tosb.'scredit使值得贊揚(yáng)(4)oncredit賒購?Let'sgivehimcreditforthesuccessoftheproject.我們要將這一項(xiàng)目的成功歸功于他。?Yourhonestydoesyougreatcredit.你的誠實(shí)值得大大表揚(yáng)。?Tohiscredit,Jacknevertoldanyoneexactlywhathadhappened.值得贊揚(yáng)的是，杰克對(duì)所發(fā)生的事守口如瓶。?Thebankrefusedfurthercredittothecompany.銀行拒絕再給那家公司提供貸款。?Itisimportanttopayyourelectricitybillontime,aslatepaymentmayaffectyourcredit.按時(shí)支付電費(fèi)賬單很重要，因?yàn)橛馄谥Ц犊赡軙?huì)影響你的信用。?Nowadays,mostnewcarsareboughtoncredit.如今，大多數(shù)新汽車都是賒購的。?Youmustpasstheexaminationtogetcreditsforthecourse.你必須通過考試才能獲得那門課程的學(xué)分。判斷下列句子中credit的含義/完成句子①Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga“free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits．________________②Wedon'tmindwhogetsthecreditaslongaswedon'tgettheblame.________________③Borrowersneedtoprovidethecredithistory,whichthelenderswilluseasthecriteriawhenevaluatingaloan.________________④值得贊揚(yáng)的是，盡管天氣惡劣，工人們還是設(shè)法按時(shí)完成了工程。____________________________，theworkersmanagedtocompletetheprojectontimeinspiteofthebadweather.3applyvt.應(yīng)用，使用；vi.申請(qǐng)，請(qǐng)求；vt.努力學(xué)習(xí)，勤奮工作；vt.涂(1)applysth.to...把某物應(yīng)用于……beappliedto...被應(yīng)用于……(to為介詞)(2)apply(to...)for...(向……)申請(qǐng)……applytodosth.申請(qǐng)做某事(3)applyoneself/one'smindto(doing)sth.某人致力于/專心于(做)某事(4)apply...to...把……涂到……(5)applicationn.[C，U]申請(qǐng)，申請(qǐng)表；應(yīng)用applicantn.[C]申請(qǐng)人appliedadj.應(yīng)用的，實(shí)用的?LaterIdecidedtoapplymypreviousexperiencetolearninghowtoreadandwrite.后來我決定把我先前的經(jīng)驗(yàn)應(yīng)用到學(xué)習(xí)如何讀和寫上。?Thenewtechnologyhasbeenappliedtofarming,whichhelpsincreaseagriculturalproduction.這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)已被應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)，有助于提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。?Beforeyoutraveltoaforeigncountry,youshouldapplyforapassport.在去外國旅游之前，你應(yīng)該申請(qǐng)護(hù)照。?Heappliedtotwouniversitiesandwasacceptedbybothofthem.他向兩所大學(xué)提出申請(qǐng)，都被錄取了。?Overthenextmonths,heappliedhimselftoimprovingthetechnique.在接下來的幾個(gè)月里，他專心致志地改進(jìn)這項(xiàng)技術(shù)。?Applythecreamevenlyovertheskin.判斷下列句子中apply的含義/單句語法填空①BythetimeIsawthejobadvertiseditwasalreadytoolatetoapply．________________②Hewantsajobinwhichhecanapplyhisforeignlanguages.________________③Applythecreamtoexposedareaseverythreehoursandafterswimming.________________④Yoncansolveanyproblemifyouapplyyourselftoit.________________⑤Duetothe________(apply)ofthismedicaltechnology,somediseasescanbetreatedattheearlystage.⑥Weshouldapplytheory________practice;otherwise,itisnouse.⑦Thepersonwhowantstoapply________thepositionwillbeexpectedtohaveagoodcommandofEnglish.⑧Afterknockingpolitelyatthedoor,the________(apply)enteredtheofficeofthegeneralmanager.4asto至于，關(guān)于(1)asto＋WH...至于……(2)asto＋n./pron./doing至于/關(guān)于……?Theyhavenotdecidedyetastowhowillbeinchargeoftheproject.他們還沒有決定誰來負(fù)責(zé)這項(xiàng)工程。?Heaskedformyadviceastowhattodonext.關(guān)于接下來要做什么，他征求了我的意見。?Astothattechnicalproblem,Iwilldealwithitindetaillater.至于那個(gè)技術(shù)問題，我以后再詳細(xì)處理。?Wehadadelightfulweekendinthecountry.Asfor/tothetraffic,wehadnodifficulty.我們?cè)卩l(xiāng)下度過了一個(gè)愉快的周末。至于交通，我們沒有遇到任何困難。完成句子①我們把它定在下周六吧。至于我們野餐的地點(diǎn)，由你來決定。Let'smakeitnextSaturday.________________________，it'suptoyou.②還不能確定他是否會(huì)簽署這份合同。Thereissomedoubt________________________signthiscontract.③對(duì)我來說，我的母親是我最尊敬的人。________________________，mymotheristhepersonIrespectmost.5permitvt.允許，準(zhǔn)允；vi.&vt.允許，使有可能；n.[C]許可證(1)permitsb.todosth.允許某人做某事(2)permit(one's)doingsth.準(zhǔn)許(某人)做某事(3)weather/timepermitting天氣/時(shí)間允許的話(4)permissionn.[U]許可，允許askpermission請(qǐng)求許可withoutpermission未經(jīng)許可withsb.'spermission經(jīng)某人許可?Thesecuritysystemwillnotpermityoutoenterwithoutthecorrectpassword.密碼不正確的話，安全系統(tǒng)是不會(huì)讓你進(jìn)入的。?Hishealthdoesn'tpermithistravellingwithus.他的健康狀況不允許他同我們一起旅行。?Weather/Timepermitting,wewillhaveapicnicinthewoods.天氣/時(shí)間允許的話，我們將在樹林里野餐。?You'renotallowedtoparkhereunlessyouhaveapermit.除非你有許可證，否則你不能在這兒停車。單句語法填空/完成句子①M(fèi)anyshopownersdon'tpermit________(park)carsinfrontoftheirshops.②WehavearrangedtoplaytennisonSaturday,weather________(permit)．③Ifyoudon'thaveapermit,youwillnotbepermitted________(drive)anewenergyvehicle.④“Eudoraisnineyearsoldandhasmy________(permit)toreadanybookshewantsfromtheshelves,childrenoradults，”Mothersaid.⑤Theyweretakentothepolicestationastheyhadenteredthearea________________________(未經(jīng)允許)．⑥Eventhoughhisfatherdidn't________________________(允許他加入)theschoolfootballteam,hediditfinally.6responsibilityn．[C，U]責(zé)任，負(fù)責(zé)；職責(zé)，義務(wù)(1)asenseofresponsibility責(zé)任感(2)take/bear/shoulder/responsibilityfor...對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)(3)takeonresponsibilities承擔(dān)責(zé)任(4)Itisone'sresponsibilitytodosth.某人有責(zé)任做某事(5)responsibleadj.負(fù)有責(zé)任的，應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任的；有責(zé)任心的responsiblyadv.負(fù)責(zé)任地beresponsibleforsth.對(duì)某事負(fù)責(zé)(6)irresponsibleadj.不負(fù)責(zé)任的(ir-為否定前綴)?Hefeelsastrongsenseofresponsibilitytowardshisfamily.他對(duì)他的家庭有很強(qiáng)的責(zé)任感。?Aftercarefulconsideration,wethinkthatAllanhasgottotakeresponsibilityforthefailureofthedeal.經(jīng)過認(rèn)真的考慮，我們認(rèn)為艾倫必須為交易的失敗負(fù)責(zé)。?It'sherresponsibilitytoensurethattheprojectisfinishedontime.她有責(zé)任確保工程如期完工。?MissWangisresponsibleforit.王老師負(fù)責(zé)這件事。?Thedrivershouldbeirresponsiblefortheaccident.司機(jī)不應(yīng)該對(duì)這起事故負(fù)責(zé)。單句語法填空/完成句子①Whoisresponsible________theoperationofsuchdriverlesscarsisnotclearamongcarmakers,consumers(消費(fèi)者)andlawyers.②It'snotonlyagreat________(responsible)butagreathonorforacitytobechosentohosttheOlympicGames.③AIwillsurelybeafeatureoffuturelife,butitmustbeused________(responsible)andinaproperway.④Borninatraditionalfamily,Rickwasbroughtuptovalue__________________________(責(zé)任感)．⑤Tobesuccessful,thefirstthingyouneedtodois________________________(承擔(dān)……責(zé)任)youractions.7declarevt.宣布，公布；宣稱，表明(1)declarewaron...同……宣戰(zhàn)(2)declarefor/against...聲明支持/反對(duì)……(3)declare(that)．..聲稱/宣判……(4)declaresth./sb.(tobe)＋n.宣布某物/某人為……(5)declaresth./sb.＋adj.宣布某物/某人……?Thecourageouscitizenshavedeclaredwaronthedeadlydisease.英勇的市民已經(jīng)向這一致命的疾病宣戰(zhàn)。?Ourgovernmentdeclaredforthisplan.我們的政府聲明支持這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。?Shedeclared(that)itwasthebestchocolatecakeshehadevertasted.她說那是她吃過的最好的巧克力蛋糕。?Theareahasbeendeclared(tobe)anationalpark.這個(gè)地區(qū)已宣布為國家公園。?Thechairmandeclaredtheceremonyopen;allofuspresentcheered.主席宣布儀式開始，我們?cè)趫?chǎng)的所有人都?xì)g呼雀躍。單句語法填空①Thebirthratewasexpectedtoincreaserapidlyafterthe________(declare)oftwo-childpolicy,butitdidn'tchangesignificantly.②DoyouknowwhenBritaindeclaredwar________GermanyduringWorldWarⅡ？③It'slikelythathewilldeclare________theproposal,becausehethinksitwillthreatenpeople'sinterests.④TheheadteacherdeclaredWangFei________(be)monitoroftheclass.8putforward提出(計(jì)劃，建議)；推薦，舉薦；撥快(時(shí)針指針)；將……提前(1)putforwardaplan/asuggestion/aproposal提出計(jì)劃/建議(2)putaway將……收起，把……放回原處putaside儲(chǔ)存putdown放下；寫下，記下putoff推遲，延遲putout熄滅，撲滅；公布puton穿上，戴上；上演；增加體重；抹，搽，擦putupwith容忍，忍受putup提升；張貼；搭建?Johnputforwardhissuggestionthatweshouldtakeathree-dayholidayaftertheexamination.約翰提出了他的建議：我們?cè)诳荚嚱Y(jié)束后應(yīng)放三天假。?Shesaid,“Wedon'thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacallsayingshewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.”她說：“我們不知道是誰推薦了(外)祖母。當(dāng)我們接到電話說她被列入候選名單時(shí)，我們以為這是個(gè)玩笑?！?Putyourwatchforward；itisfiveminutesslow.把你的表往前撥，它慢了5分鐘。?We'veputforwardthedateofourweddingbyoneweek.我們已把婚期提前了一周。判斷下列句子中putforward的含義/用put的相關(guān)短語完成下面情景①Iwassurprisedtolearnthatmymanagerwasputtingmeforwardforthepromotion.________________②Thenewlyelectedmayorhasputforwardanumberofplanstodealwiththehousingcrisisinthecity.________________③Theyputthemeetingforwardfrom4：00p．m.to2：30p．m.________________④Hearingthatthebuildingwasonfire,themayor________thephone,________hiscoatandwenttothesiteofthefire.Therethefirefightersweretryingtheirbestto________thefire.Butsomeexperts________asuggestionthatthefirefightersshouldn'tbeallowedtogettooclosetothefire.Becauseofthebigfire,themayorhadto________severalimportantmeetings.重點(diǎn)句型解構(gòu)(教材原句)Thefirstwayinwhichscienceisofvalueisfamiliartoeveryone.科學(xué)的第一個(gè)價(jià)值是大家都熟知的。[句式分析]此句中“ofvalue”為“of＋名詞結(jié)構(gòu)”“of＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)“of＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可在句中作表語、后置定語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。該結(jié)構(gòu)可分為兩類：(1)可以轉(zhuǎn)化為同根形容詞的：此時(shí)，“of＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)用來說明句子主語所具有的作用、重要性或意義等。這類名詞有value,use,importance,help,significance,benefit,beauty等。名詞前可用no,some,any,little,much,great等詞修飾，用來表示程度。?Dictionariesareofgreathelp(＝veryhelpful)toEnglishlearners.詞典對(duì)英語學(xué)習(xí)者來說是很有幫助的。?Infact,sportscanbeofgreatbenefit(＝verybeneficial)toourhealth.事實(shí)上，運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)我們的健康會(huì)很有益。(2)不可以轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的：此時(shí)，“of＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)用來說明句子主語在重量、大小、顏色、類別等方面的特征。這類名詞有color,size,age,height,weight,shape,type,kind,price,quality等，名詞前可用different,thesame,a(n)等來修飾。?Coinsmaybeofdifferentsizes,weights,shapes,andmetals.硬幣可能在大小、重量、形狀和(鑄造所用的)金屬方面有所不同。?Thesepensareofmanydifferentcolors.這些鋼筆有許多不同的顏色。?Thetworoomsareofasize/ofthesamesize.這兩個(gè)房間大小一樣。?TomandIareofthesameage.我和湯姆一樣大。結(jié)合“of＋名詞”的用法完成句子①當(dāng)你周游上海時(shí)你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這張地圖對(duì)你很有用。You'llfindthismapis________________________toyouwhenyouaretravelingaroundShanghai.(value)②這種新藥物的發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)心臟病患者來說非常重要。Thediscoveryofthenewdrugis________________________________topeoplewhosufferfromhearttrouble.(importance)③請(qǐng)把這些東西捐給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。它們對(duì)我沒有用了。Pleasedonatethesethingstocharities.Theyare________________________tome.(use)④他們的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量很好，銷往全國各地。Theirproductsare________________________andaresoldalloverthecountry.(quality)⑤這對(duì)雙胞胎身高相同，但體重不同。Thetwinsare__________________________________，butdifferentinweight.(height)Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Accordingtoourrules,smokingisnotp________inouroffice.2．Thescientistwasdeterminedtomakeagreatbreakthroughin________(科學(xué)的)research.3．Sometimes,peopledon'tlikeaskingquestionsforfearofappearingstupidand________(無知的)．4．RememberthatThomasCostainwas57whenhe________(出版)hisfirstnovel,andthatGrandmaMosesshowedherfirstpictureswhenshewas78.5．Thevolunteers'primary________(責(zé)任)istohelppeoplewithlearningdisabilitiestorealizetheirownimportance.6．Inourcountry,everyonehastherightand________(自由)toexpresshisthoughtsandideas.7．IntraditionalChineseculture,________(婚姻)decisionsweremadebyparentsfortheirchildren.Ⅱ.單句語法填空1．—Wouldyoupermitme________here?—Sorry,wedon'tpermit________inthelibrary.(smoke)2．Yourdadwillgobananasifheknowsyouoftendrivehiscarwithout________(permit)．3．Itake________forgrantedthatyouhavealreadychecktheanswer.4．Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytoget________(involve)invariousactivitiesonEarthDay.5．Thebestwaytoencourageyourkidstoenjoymealsistoinvolvethem________preparingthem.6．________hiscredit,MrGreenmanagedtogettheimportantceremonyorganizedevenifthetimewassolimited.7．Alargenumberofpeoplehavesentoff________(apply)forthejob.Someofthe________(apply)maybedisappointedbecauseonlyonethirdapplying________ithavethechancetobeemployed.8．Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular________(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山),moresothanthefamiliarnearside.9．Itwas________fineweatherthattheyallwentswimming.10．I'mresponsible________thesaleofalltheproducts.Inotherwords,Ishouldtake________forthesaleofalltheproducts.(responsible)Ⅲ.完成句子1．科學(xué)家向艾滋病宣戰(zhàn)以求在治療艾滋病方面取得突破。Scientists________________AIDSinordertomakeabreakthroughintreatingit.(declare)2．弗蘭克實(shí)在拿不準(zhǔn)這工作是不是適合他。Frankwasveryuncertain__________________．(asto)3．經(jīng)理提議我們應(yīng)該有一個(gè)助手。有太多的工作要做。Themanager______________________________weshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.(put)4．——你如果不給露西帶生日禮物，會(huì)讓她失望的?！x謝你提醒我。今晚我一定給她買一份?！狪fyoudon'tbringabirthdaypresenttoLucy,youmay________________．—Thankyouforremindingme.SurelyI'llbuyheronethisevening.Ⅳ.課文語法填空Whatisthevalueofscience?Thefirstvalueisthatscientificknowledgeenablesus1.________(do)andmakeallkindsofthings.Scientificknowledgeisanenablingpowertodoeithergoodorbad—2.________itdoesnotcarryinstructionsonhowtoapplyit.Suchpower3.________(have)obviousvalue.Anothervalueofscienceistheintellectualenjoymentitcanprovideus4.________.Thankstothescientificeffort,wehavebeenledtoimagineall5.________(sort)ofthingswhicharemorefantasticthanpoetsanddreamersofthepastevercould.Let's