Unit7InternationalCharitiesGrammar課件牛津譯林版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)

ThePassiveVoiceUnit7InternationalcharitiesMasterTangPiggySandyMonkeybroWhathadhappened?Whydidtheygetannoyed?MasterTangwascaughtbyamonster.Whathadhappened?Whydidtheygetannoyed?執(zhí)行者承受者執(zhí)行者執(zhí)行者執(zhí)行者AmonstercaughtMasterTang.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)+be+done(及物動(dòng)詞）+(by...）主語(yǔ)+was/were+done+(by..)一般過(guò)去時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+done+(by..)by:“由…/被...”，后面用賓格(動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者）動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的變化規(guī)則：1.一般情況加-ed.

look--looked--lookedplay--played--played2.以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只加-d.

live--lived--livedhope--hoped--hoped3.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音,應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ed.stop--stopped--stoppedplan--planned--planned4.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i,再加-ed.study--studied--studiedcarry--carried--carried5.不規(guī)則變化（見(jiàn)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表）ThelightswereturnedoffbyTom.Thewindowsarecleanedeveryweek.Millieclosedthedoor.TheTVwasturnedon.Theboymadeamodelplane.Atotal(總數(shù))of8questionsareanswered.orActive主動(dòng)Passive被動(dòng)PassivePassiveActivePassiveActivePassiveNowEnglish____bymoreandmorepeopleallovertheworld.

A.speaksB.isspokenC.wasspokenThelostboy____atthestreetcornerlastnight.

A.wasfoundB.isfoundC.find一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：was/were+過(guò)去分詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞用所給動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)填空:1)

yourroom________(clean)everyday?2)Ourclassroom__________(notclean)yesterday.3)Bothofthetwobooks__________(lose)lastSunday.4)Thestudents___________(ask)tohandintheirhomeworkontimeeveryday.5)---When

thiskindofcomputer

(make)inHongKong?---In2000.Iscleanedwasn’tcleanedwerelostareaskedwasmadeMasterwascaughtbyamonster.師傅被妖怪抓走了

Masterwasn'tcaughtbyamonster.師傅沒(méi)被妖怪抓走Wasmastercaughtbyamonster?師傅被妖怪抓走了么？Whenwasmastercaughtbyamonster?1肯定句:主語(yǔ)+be+done+(by…)2否定句:主語(yǔ)+be+not+done+(by…)3一般疑問(wèn)句:Be+主語(yǔ)+done+(by…)4特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+done+(by…)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)如何變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):AmonstercaughtMasterTang.(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)MasterTangwascaughtbyamonster.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓變主,主變介賓(by+賓語(yǔ)）謂變bedone，時(shí)態(tài)不變TheyplayfootballonSunday.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.Theyoftenhelphimwithhomework.Hegavemeabook.隨學(xué)隨練Abook

wasgiventomebyhim.I

wasgivenabookbyhim.如何使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1）不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)2）沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者3)需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者(帶by)Mybikewasstolenyesterday.Moretreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種特殊類(lèi)型1.帶雙賓語(yǔ)句子的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).指物的賓語(yǔ)叫直接賓語(yǔ)，指人的賓語(yǔ)叫間接賓語(yǔ)givemeabook=giveabooktome

間賓

直賓

直賓間賓(1)Hegaveme

abook.

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)--------Iwasgivenabookbyhim.Abookwasgiventomebyhim.(2)Iboughthim

abook.

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)--------

Hewasboughtabookbyme.Abookwasboughtforhimbyme.to:for:pass,give,show,bring,send,tell,teach,lend...make,buy,cook...2.含有短語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Theytakegoodcareofmychild.-----Mychildistakengoodcareof

.Iturnedofftheradio.-----Theradiowasturnedoff(byme).保持短語(yǔ)的完整，不能漏掉介詞1.感官動(dòng)詞(see,hear,watch,notice/lookat，listento)3.感官動(dòng)詞，使役動(dòng)詞,help

主語(yǔ)+be+seen/heard..+todosth主語(yǔ)+be+made/had+todosth主語(yǔ)+

be+

helped+

to

do

sth這些詞在主動(dòng)句中，其后的動(dòng)詞不加to，但變被動(dòng)句時(shí)必須加to.2.使役動(dòng)詞(let,make、have、)3.helpe.g.1.IsawhimplaybasketballlastSunday.

2.Thebossmakeshimworkfor10hours.

HewasseentoplaybasketballlastSunday.Heismadetoworkfor10hours.2.連系動(dòng)詞be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…PekingOpera________(sound)beautiful.sounds1.不及物動(dòng)詞如:happen,takeplace,last(持續(xù)）,comeout（出版）,cometrue,runout（用完）…主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)（不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞）：Mooncakes________(taste)delicious.taste3.當(dāng)表示主語(yǔ)質(zhì)地,自身特征的動(dòng)詞read,write,wash,sell,draw,wear,drive,lock,clean,open與副詞__________________

可用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)意義，用作不及物動(dòng)詞,此時(shí)不是表示具體動(dòng)作。如：Thepenwritesverysmoothly.

Theclotheswasheasily.Hisbookssellwell.well,easily,badly區(qū)別：1.Thiskindofshoesaresoldinthismall.(sell)Thiskindofshoessellwellinthismall.2.Rice___________byfarmersinSouthChina.(grow)Rice__________wellinSouthChina.1.—Theflowersinthisflowershop_____well.—Yes.Everyday,alltheflowers_____outby5:00p.m.A.sell;sell B.sell;aresoldC.aresold;sell2.TheOlympics__________everyfouryears.A.takesplaceB.istakenplaceC.tookplace1.Theaccident______earlythismorning.happenedB.washappenedC.hashappened4.doing表被動(dòng)意義

need/requiredoing=need/requiretobedone需要被做

Thebookisworthreading.beworthdoingsth值得做某事Mybikeneedsrepairing.=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.我的自行車(chē)需要被修理這本書(shū)值得被讀IX.在漢語(yǔ)中，有一類(lèi)句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示，例如：

據(jù)說(shuō)……Itissaidthat…據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)…… Itisreportedthat…眾所周知……Itiswellknownthat…1.Charityactivities______________________(plan/tohelpthepoor).areplannedtohelpthepoorWhat

theydoeveryyearP99Leaflet________________________________________(handout/topeopleinthestreet/volunteers).arehandedouttopeopleinthestreetbyvolunteersToysandCDs_____________________(sell/toraisemoney).aresoldtoraisemoneyWhattheydidlastweekNewbooks___________________________________________(send/tochildreninpoorareas/theClass1,Grade8students).

weresenttochildreninpoorareasbytheClass1,Grade8studentsWarmclothes__________________________(collect/forpoorpeople).

werecollectedforpoorpeopleAcharityshow_____________________________(hold/theStudents’Union).

washeld

bytheStudents’UnionP100Amy:I’mreadingabookaboutOxfam.Daniel:Really?Pleasetellmeaboutit.抓關(guān)鍵詞確定時(shí)態(tài)Amy:I'mreadingabookaboutOxfam.Daniel:Really?Pleasetellmeaboutit.Amy:OK.Oxfam___________(setup)intheUKin1942,andthefirstOxfamshop__________(open)in1948.Nowithasabout15,000shopsinallovertheworld.Alotofthings_________(sell)inOxfamshops,includingbooks.Themoney_______(use)byOxfamtohelppoorpeople.

wassetupwasopenedaresoldisusedDaniel:That’sgood.TherearealsosomecharityprojectsinChina.Oneofthem________(call)ProjectHope.It__________(start)in1989.Withitshelp,millionsofpoorchildrenalloverthecountry__________(give)basiceducation.

iscalled

wasstartedaregivenAmy:Yea.Manyschools__________(build)inpoorareaseachyear.arebuilt1.TodayEnglish_______alloverChina.

A.teachB.teachesC.istaughtD.aretaught2.Themeeting_______twoweeksago.

A.holdB.washeldC.wereheldD.isheld3.Jim___hisclotheseveryday.

A.washedB.washesC.washingD.iswashed4.We____thereadingroomlastnight.

A.iscleanedB.cleanC.cleanedD.wascleaned5.