2022年高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)小題多維練04：史地常識(shí)類（解析版）

題型一：劇讀理解專題04:史地常識(shí)類

題量要求：（45分鐘）

Studyingasubjectthatyoufeelpointlessisneverafunoreasytask.Ifyou'restudyinghistory,

askingyourselfthequestion“whyishistoryimportant"isaverygoodfirststep.Historyisan

essentialpartofhumancivilization.Youwillfindsomethingherethatwillarouseyourinterest,or

getyouthinkingaboutthesignificanceofhistory.

Historygroundsusinourroots.Historyisanimportantandinterestingfieldofstudy,and

learningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper,moremeaningfulglimpse（一瞥）

intoourancestralpasts,andhowwegottowherewearetoday.Manypeoplefeelliketheyneeda

senseofculturalbelonging,whichissomethingthatstudyingyourrootsandbeingopen-mindedto

theevolutionofyourculturecanprovide.

Historyenrichesourexperience.Readinghistoryisanamazingexperiencebecauseitenables

ustoreflectonthesocialandeconomiclifeofthepeoplelivinglongtimeagoAccordingtothe

experts,problemsfacedbypeopleregardlessofthepastandpresentarethesame.Withthe

informationabouttheancestors,onecanbecomemoreexperiencedinhandlingchallengesoflife.

Historymakesusmoreempathetic（具有共情能力的）,Studyinghistorycangiveusinsight

（洞察力）intowhyourculturedoescertainthings,andhowthepasthasshapeditintowhatwe

knownow.Italsoprovidesaratherstrongfoundationforempathyacrosscultures.Fearandhatefor

othersisusuallycausedbyignorance（無(wú)知）.We'rescaredofthethingsthatwedon'tunderstand.

Historyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightintoentireworlds

thatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.

Historycaninspireustolearnmore.what'sfantasticabouthistoryisthewayitbroadensour

horizons.It'salmostimpossibletolearnaboutonehistoricalperiodwithouthavingdozensof

questionsaboutrelatedconcepts.Studythe19thcenturyEngland,andyoumightcatchaglimpseof

CharlesDickens'OliverTwist.LookupCharlesDickens,andyoumightlearnathingortwoabout

realism.Ormaybeyouendupswitchingyourattentionawayfromnovels,anddiscoverthehistory

ofromanticpoetsinEngland.Itcangoanywhere,andthereissomethinginthereforabsolutely

anybody.

Thevalueofhistorycannotbeunderestimated.Wedon'thavetoliveinthepast,butwecan

definitelydobetterbylearningfromitandusingthelessonslearnttoleadmoremeaningfullives.

l.Theunderlinedpart"wherewearetoday"inPara.2probablymeans.

A.theturningpointinourhistory

B.thepresentstateofournation

C.thelocationofourhomeland

D.thetotalareaofourcountry

2.Accordingtotheexperts,whyishistoryusefulforpeopletohandlechallengesoflife?

A.Theproblemsatpresentaresimilartothoseinthepast.

B.Ancientpeoplelaideconomicfoundationsforpeopletoday.

C.Thecurrentchallengesoflifewerepredictedbytheancestors.

D.Peoplelivinglongtimeagoknewmoreabouthowtosolveproblems.

3.WhatcanbeconcludedfromPara.4?

A.Itisdifficulttogetridofculturalbarriers.

B.Peoplearewillingtoacceptforeigncultures.

C.Culturalconflictsinhistoryaredifficulttoignore.

D.Historyhelpsusimproveourcross-culturalawareness.

4.WiththeexampleinPara.5,thewriterintendstoshowthat.

A.CharlesDickenscontributesmuchtoBritishliterature.

B.OliverTwistcansatisfyourcuriosityforromanticpoets.

C.readingnovelsisawaytolearnaboutahistoricalperiod.

D.studyinghistorycanarousepeople'sinterestinotherfields.

5.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HowtoBuildCulturalIdentity

B.WhyStudyingHistoryMatters

C.KnowthePast,KnowthePresent

D.History:aWaytoBroadenHorizons

【答案】l.B2.A3.D4.D5.B

【解析】本文是議論文。開(kāi)頭提出問(wèn)題為什么歷史重要。然后分四方面論述學(xué)歷史的好處,

最后總結(jié)扣題說(shuō)明學(xué)歷史的意義一一歷史的價(jià)值不可低估，通過(guò)從中學(xué)習(xí)，并利用學(xué)到的教

訓(xùn)過(guò)更有意義的生活。

1.猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)上句learningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper,more

meaningfulglimpse（一瞥）intoourancestralpasts.,可知學(xué)習(xí)我們祖國(guó)的歷史能更深、更有意義

地了解我們祖先的過(guò)去。此處指學(xué)歷史著眼于大局，是從國(guó)家層面講的，與之一致，可推知

畫線的wherewearetoday指的是我們國(guó)家的現(xiàn)狀。故選B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Accordingtotheexperts,problemsfacedbypeopleregardlessofthe

pastandpresentarethesame.Withtheinformationabouttheancestors,onecanbecomemore

experiencedinhandlingchallengesoflife.可知專家認(rèn)為，無(wú)論過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在，人們面臨的問(wèn)題都

是一樣的。有了祖先的信息，我們?cè)谔幚砩钪械奶魬?zhàn)時(shí)會(huì)更有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故選A。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中Italsoprovidesaratherstrongfoundationforempathyacross

cultures和Historyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightinto

entireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.可知?dú)v史為跨文化的同理心提供了一個(gè)相當(dāng)

堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，歷史有可能打破對(duì)未知事物的恐懼和憎恨，為我們提供洞悉整個(gè)世界的機(jī)會(huì)。

由此推之歷史幫助我們提高跨文化意識(shí)。故選D。

4.推理判斷題°根據(jù)第五段標(biāo)題是Historycaninspireustoleammore:（歷史可以激勵(lì)我們學(xué)

習(xí)更多），下面列舉了閱讀OliverTwist的例子，通過(guò)OliverTwist我們能去了解作者Charles

Dickens,還可能會(huì)學(xué)到一些關(guān)于現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的東西，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)英國(guó)浪漫主義詩(shī)人的歷史。作者通

過(guò)這個(gè)例子是為了說(shuō)明學(xué)習(xí)歷史可以引起人們對(duì)其他領(lǐng)域的興趣。故選Do

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段Ifyou'restudyinghistory,askingyourselfthequestion"whyishistory

important"isaverygoodfirststep.提到學(xué)歷史前先問(wèn)自己為什么歷史重要。下文分四方面論

述學(xué)歷史的好處，最后一?段總結(jié)扣題說(shuō)明學(xué)歷史的意義——?dú)v史的價(jià)值不可低估，通過(guò)從中

學(xué)習(xí)，并利用學(xué)到的教訓(xùn)過(guò)更有意義的生活工故WhyStudyingHistoryMatters?能概括全文內(nèi)

容。故選B。

Romewasn'tbuiltinaday.AndneitherwastheRomansubwaysystem.Undergroundwork

isslowgoing,becauseconstructionworkersoftenmeetwithfi*escoes（壁畫）andothervaluable

stonefoundationsthousandsofyearsago.Andafewyearsago,theyfoundthewooden

foundationsofaluxuriousporchfromaRomanbuilding.

SolocalarchaeologistscalledinMauroBernabeioftheNationalResearchCouncilofItaly.

He'sadendrochronologist:someonewhoanalyzestreerings,whichgiveageandenvironmental

information.

“Wehavetostudywoodbecauseit*sfull,reallyfull,ofinformation!"Bernabeiandhisteam

foundthatthewoodenplankswereoak（橡木）.Butthewood'soriginwashardertodetermine.So

theycomparedthetreeringsintheoakfloortothoseavailableinlibrariesoftreeringsthat

containtimberfromalloverEurope.AndtheyfoundamatchfortheRomanwood—fromtheJura

regionofeasternFrance,morethan600milesaway.

Theresearchersalsodeterminedthatitwasusedinabout40to60B.C.Andsomecame

fromtreesalreadyupto300yearsoldwhentheywerecutdown.Thedetailsareinthejoumal

PLOSONE.

ThediscoveryisthefirstclearevidenceofoakfromnorthoftheAlpsbeingusedtobuild

ancientRome.Andit*sareminderthattheRomanshadacomplextradingnetwork.Thesetrees,

forexample,likelyfloateddowntworivers,acrosstheMediterraneanandupanotherriverto

Rome.

BernabeisaysRomanarchaeologistsusuallydestroyancientwood—it'snotasvaluableas

jewelryandvasesandfrescos.Buthe'shopingthisstudymightchangetheirminds."Savethe

wood,yes!Andcallme,ifyoudon'twanttosave—please,callme!"Hesays.

1.WhydoesthesubwayinRomegoslowly?

A.ItishardtodiguptheearthinRome.

B.Therearemanyancientruinsburiedhere.

C.ItisverydangeroustoworktoofastinRome

D.TheRomanarenotexperiencedinbuildingsubways

2.Whatcanpeoplelearnfromthewoodfoundations?

A.ThewealthinancientRome

B.ThetradinginformationofancientRome

C.ThecultureofancientRome

D.ThesocialrelationsofancientRome

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph4referto?

A.ThestoneB.Thesubway

C.TheFrenchwoodD.TheRomanfoundation

4.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A.ScientistsfoundsomeinformationaboutancientRome

B.WoodwasnotasvaluableasstonesinancientRome

C.OnlytherichpeopleinancientRomecouldusewood

D.AncientRomecouldhavearichtradingnetwork.

【答案】

1.B2.B3.C4.A

【分析】

本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，介紹了科學(xué)家們?cè)谏盥竦叵碌墓帕_馬建筑的木制地基上發(fā)現(xiàn)了古羅

馬的貿(mào)易信息。

1.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Undergroundworkisslowgoing,becauseconstructionworkersoften

meetwithfrescoes（壁畫）andothervaluablestonefoundationsthousandsofyearsago.,,（地下工

程進(jìn)展緩慢，因?yàn)榻ㄖと私?jīng)常會(huì)遇到幾千年前的壁畫和其他有價(jià)值的石頭地基）可知，

羅馬地鐵建設(shè)進(jìn)展緩慢是因?yàn)榈叵侣癫刂S多古代遺跡，故選B。

2.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Andit'sareminderthattheRomanshadacomplextrading

network."（這也提醒我們羅馬人有一個(gè)復(fù)雜的貿(mào)易網(wǎng)絡(luò)）可知，從木地基中我們能夠

了解到古羅馬的貿(mào)易信息，故選B。

3.

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段“AndtheyfoundamatchfortheRomanwood—fromtheJuraregion

ofeasternFrance,morethan600milesaway.”可知，他們?cè)?00多英里外的法國(guó)東部朱拉地

區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種羅馬木材的匹配物，此處承接上文，說(shuō)的是研究人員還確定，在法國(guó)發(fā)現(xiàn)的

這種木材在大約公元前40年至60年間曾被使用過(guò)，由此可知，讓指代的就是上文提到的

法國(guó)木材，故選C。

4.

主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第一段“Andaffewyearsago,theyfoundthewooden

foundationsofaluxuriousporchfromaRomanbuilding."（幾年前，他們?cè)谝蛔盥竦叵碌墓?/p>

羅馬建筑的豪華門廊上發(fā)現(xiàn)了木制地基）及第五段“Andit*sareminderthattheRomanshada

complextradingnetwork."（這也提醒我們羅馬人有一個(gè)復(fù)雜的貿(mào)易網(wǎng)絡(luò)）可知，本文主要

介紹的是科學(xué)家們?cè)谏盥竦叵碌墓帕_馬建筑的木制地基上發(fā)現(xiàn)了古羅馬的貿(mào)易信息，故選

A。

TheGlobewasbuiltin1599usingtimberfromanearliertheatre,TheTheatre,whichhad

beenbuiltbyRichardBurbage'sfather,JamesBurbage,inShoreditchin1576.Thefirst

performanceforwhichafirmrecordremainswasJonson'sEveryManoutofHisHumour-with

itsfirstscenewelcomingthe"graciousandkindspectators^^—attheendoftheyear.

On29thJune1613,theGlobeTheatrewentupinflamesduringaperformanceofHenryVIII.

Atheatricalgun,setoffduringtheperformance,misfired,burningthewoodenbeamsandstraws.

Accordingtooneofthefewsurvivingdocumentsoftheevent,noonewashurtexceptaman

whoseburningbreeches(炮后月堂)wereputoutwithabottleofale.Itwasrebuiltinthefollowing

year.

LikealltheothertheatresinLondon,theGlobewascloseddownbythePuritansin1642.It

waspulleddownin1644,orslightlylater—thecommonlyciteddocumentdatingtheactto15

April1644hasbeenidentifiedasfalse—tomakeroomforotherbuildings.

Amodernreconstructionofthetheatre,named“Shakespeare'sGlobe”,openedin1997,with

aproductionofHenryV.Itisanacademicapproximationoftheoriginaldesign,basedon

availableevidenceofthe1599and1614buildings,andislocatedapproximately750feet(230m)

fromthesiteoftheoriginaltheatre.

5.HowdidtheGlobeTheatrebegintobeonfireon29June1613?

A.Itwassetfiretobyaperformerbydesign.

B.Itcaughtfirebyaccidentduringaplay.

C.Amanputoutbreecheswithabottleofale.

D.Itwasstartedbywoodenbeamsandstraws.

6.Inwhatorderisthetextarranged?

A.TimeB.SpaceC.ImportanceD.Flashback

7.AccordingtothepassagealltheplayswereperformedintheGlobeTheatreEXCEPT

A.JamesBurbage.B.EveryManoutofHisHumour

C.HenryVIII.D.HenryV

8.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.ThepopularityoftheGlobeTheatre.

B.TheconstructionoftheGlobeTheatre.

C.ThefunctionoftheGlobeTheatre.

D.ThehistoryoftheGlobeTheatre.

【答案】

5.B6.A7.A8,D

【分析】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章按時(shí)間順序介紹了英國(guó)環(huán)球劇院的歷史。

5.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“On29,hJune1613,theGlobeTheatrewentupinflamesduringa

performanceofHenryVIII.Atheatricalgun,setoffduringtheperformance,misfired,burningthe

woodenbeamsandstraws.”（1613年6月29日，在《亨利八世》的演出中，環(huán)球劇院著火

To一支戲劇用的槍，在演出中引爆，沒(méi)有打出子彈，燒了木梁和稻草）可知，環(huán)球劇院

是在一場(chǎng)戲中因?yàn)闃屪呋鹆瞬乓馔庵鹆恕９蔬xB項(xiàng)。

6.

推理判斷題°由第一段中的“TheGlobewasbuiltin1599usingtimberfromanearliertheatre,

TheTheatre,whichhadbeenbuiltbyRichardBurbage'sfather,JamesBurbage,inShoreditchin

1576.”（環(huán)球劇院是在1599年用一個(gè)早期劇院的木材建造的，這個(gè)劇院是由Richard

Burbage的父親JamesBurbage1576年在肖爾迪奇建造的），第二段中的“On29thJune1613,

theGlobeTheatrewentupinflamesduringaperformanceofHenryVIIL”（1613年6月29

曰，《亨利八世》的演出中，環(huán)球劇院著火了），第三段中的“Likealltheothertheatresin

London,theGlobewascloseddownbythePuritansin1642.

Itwaspulleddownin1644,orslightlylater—thecommonlyciteddocumentdatingtheact

to15April1644hasbeenidentifiedasfalse—tomakeroomforotherbuildings.^^（像倫敦所有

其他劇院一樣，環(huán)球劇院在1642年被清教徒關(guān)閉。它是在1644年或者稍晚些時(shí)候被拆除

的——通常被引用的文件將該法案追溯到1644年4月15日，被認(rèn)定為虛假文件一為其

他建筑騰出空間）以及最后一段中的“Amodernreconstructionofthetheatre,named

“Shakespeare'sGlobe”,openedin1997,withaproductionofHenryV."（劇院的現(xiàn)代重建,命

名為“莎士比亞環(huán)球劇場(chǎng)”，于1997年開(kāi)張，作品為《亨利五世》），結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可知，文

章是按時(shí)間順序發(fā)展的。故選A項(xiàng)。

7.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的"Thefirstperformanceforwhichafirmrecordremainswas

Jonson'sEveryManoutofHisHumour”（第一個(gè)保持穩(wěn)定記錄的表演是瓊森的《每個(gè)人都

失去了他的幽默感》）,第二段中的“On29lhJune1613,theGlobeTheatrewentupinflames

duringaperformanceofHenryVIIL^^（1613年6月29日,《亨利八世》的演出中，環(huán)球劇院

著火了。）和最后一段中的“Amodernreconstructionofthetheatre,named"Shakespeare's

Globe”,openedin1997,withaproductionofHenryV.”（劇院的現(xiàn)代重建，命名為“莎士比亞

環(huán)球劇場(chǎng)”，于1997年開(kāi)張，作品為《亨利五世》。），可知環(huán)球劇院上演過(guò)《每個(gè)人都失去

了他的幽默感》、《亨利八世》和《亨利五世》，JamesBurbage不是戲劇，并未在環(huán)球劇院

演出。故選A項(xiàng)。

8.

主旨大意題。由第一段中的"TheGlobewasbuiltin1599usingtimberfromanearliertheatre,

TheTheatre,whichhadbeenbuiltbyRichardBurbage'sfather,JamesBuibage,inShoreditchin

1576.”（環(huán)球劇院是在1599年用一個(gè)早期劇院的木材建造的，這個(gè)劇院是由Richard

Burbage的父親JamesBurbage1576年在肖爾迪奇建造的。），第二段中的“On29由June1613,

theGlobeTheatrewentupinflamesduringaperformanceofHenry（1613年6月29

日，《亨利八世》的演出中，環(huán)球劇院著火了。），第三段中的“Ukealltheothertheatresin

London,theGlobewascloseddownbythePuritansin1642.Itwaspulleddownin1644,or

slightlylater——thecommonlyciteddocumentdatingtheactto15April1644hasbeenidentified

asfalse—tomakeroomfbrother

buildings."（像倫敦所有其他劇院一樣，環(huán)球劇院在1642年被清教徒關(guān)閉。它是在1644年

被拆除的，或者稍晚些時(shí)候被拆除的——通常被引用的文件將該法案追溯到1644年4月15

日，被認(rèn)定為虛假文件為其他建筑騰出空間。），最后一段中的“Amodemreconstruction

ofthetheatre,named“Shakespeare'sGlobe”,openedin1997,withaproductionofHenryV.”（居lj

院的現(xiàn)代重建，命名為“莎士比亞環(huán)球劇場(chǎng)”，于1997年開(kāi)張，作品為《亨利五世》）可知，

文章按時(shí)間順序介紹了環(huán)球劇院的歷史。故選D項(xiàng)。

TheVictorians'WayofHavingFun

Whetheritwasvisitingahumanzoo,takingabullonahot-airballoonride,orsinging

beautifulsongs,VictorianLondonerslovedtohavefun.Asperformancemanagerscameupwith

increasinglywell-designedwaystomakemoneyfromthecapitalhugepotentialaudience,

Victorianseffectivelyinventedthemodernleisureindustry-includingthemeparks,pubsand

professionalfootball.AsanewbookbyhistorianLeeJacksonexplains,thehuntforprofit

involvessurroundingmorality,classandempire.SowheredidVictoriansgofbrfun?Andwhat

stillexiststoday?

DancingRooms:ArgyllRooms,Piccadilly

It'snowabuildingsitenearLeicesterSquare,butwhentheArgyllRoomslostitslicencein

1878,therewasariot（暴舌L）.Drunkenstudentsweresoangryattheclosureoftheirfavourite

placethattheytooktothestreets.TheArgyllclosedasthedancecrazecametoanend,and

BignellturnedthespaceintotheTrocaderomusichall.Itkeptthatnamethroughthe20thcentury

whenitwastransformedintooneofLondon'smosttastelesstouristattractions.Thesitecurrently

awaitsdevelopmentintoahotel.

Pleasuregardens:GremomeGardens,Chelsea

GremomewasrunbythreeWestEndpubowners,popularamongtheyoungpeoplethen.It

closedin1877afterlosingitslicence.Pleasuregardensmoregenerallylosttheirmeaningof

existencewiththeestablishmentofpublicparks.London'srapidgrowthmeantthevaluableland

wasusuallysoldtobigcompaniesfbrotherpurposes,whichiswhysolittleofLondon'sgreat

pleasuregardensremain.

PleasuregardenswerealsoovershadowedbylargerexhibitiongroundssuchastheCrystal

Palace,whichtriedtofindawayofbalancingentertainmentwithculturaleducation.Little

physicallyremainsoftheCrystalPalaceitself,whichmovedtoSydenhamfromHydeParkin

1854,butthegrand200-acregroundsstillexistasapublicpark.

OnthesiteoftheMethodistCentralHallwasashort-livedattractionthatattemptedto

transporttheseasidetocentralLondon.ItwasrailwaysthatmadeMargateandSouthend

accessibletoLondoners,andsomeoftheleisureactivitiespeculiartotheseasidesoonmadeit

backtothecapital.Footballgrounds:CravenCottage,StevenageRoad,FulhamFulhamFC,

London'soldestprofessionalfootballclub,stillworksattheirfirstground,builtbytheVictorians

in1896.Versionsofthesporthadbeenaroundforcenturies,butitwastheVictorianswhocreated

thegameandthenprofessionalizedit.Thisledtoenclosedgroundswherespectatorspaidfor

admittance,withtheincomespentonacquiringnewplayers.Themoderngamewasborn.

9.Whichofthefollowingisnotsimilarinmeaningto“tooktothestreets”inPara.2?

A.gatheredtogetherinthestreetsB.enjoyedwindowshopping

C.wentoutsideonthestreetsD.protestedonthestreets

10.ThereasonwhyfewergreatpleasuregardensareleftinLondonisthat.

A.peoplebuiltmorefactoriesB.theywereturnedintofarmingland

C.thelandwassoldtodevelopersD.theybecameuniversitycampuses

11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Themoneyfromfootballisusedtobuynewplayers.

B.Londonhasmuchonitsfootballhistory.

C.FulhamF.C.ismorethan200yearsold.

D.TheVictorianshavecultivatedmanyfootballers.

12.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Thebuildingofrailwaysledtothethemeparks.

B.TheWestEnd'sgardensbecamebighotels.

C.TheVictorianslargelyinventedmodemleisureindustries.

D.Theincomefrommodernfootballsupportsnewplayers.

【答案】

9.BIO.Cll.B12.C

【分析】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要圍繞維多利亞時(shí)代的包括主題公園、酒吧和職業(yè)足球一些休閑

產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的舉例介紹，從而說(shuō)明了其對(duì)于現(xiàn)代休閑產(chǎn)業(yè)的深遠(yuǎn)影響。

9.

詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線短語(yǔ)所在句的前文背景介紹“…whentheArgyllRoomslostitslicence

in1878,therewasariot”可知，（1878年，ArgyllRooms失去了營(yíng)業(yè)執(zhí)照，引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)騷

舌L）這次騷亂應(yīng)是知?jiǎng)澗€短語(yǔ)所在句內(nèi)容“Drunkenstudentsweresoang