Unit+1+Knowing+Me,+Knowing+You+Developing+ideas 高中英語外研版（2019）必修第三冊(cè)

UNIT1Developingideas

LittleWhiteLies

善意的小小謊言1.HowdoesStudentBfeelhearingthequestion?2.DoesStudentBwishtotellhisrealmarktoStudentA?LeadinginWhatisthemeaningof“whitelies”?Whiteliesarelittleliesthatwetelltoprotectothersfromthetruth.1.Writtenmorethantwohundredyearsago,theselinesbyWalterScottremainoneofthemostwell-knownexcerptsofScottishpoetry:兩百多年前，沃爾特·司各特寫下的這幾行文字，如今依然是蘇格蘭詩歌中最廣為傳誦的詩句之一：WecouldalsosayAlthoughWalterScottwrotetheselinesmorethantwohundredyearsago,theyarestillknownbyalotofpeopleasfamousexcerptsofScottishpoetry.盡管沃爾特·斯科特在200多年前就寫下了這些詩句，但它們?nèi)匀槐辉S多人視為蘇格蘭詩歌的著名節(jié)選。BackgroundinformationSirWalterScott(1771-1832)wasaScottishnovelist,poet,historian,andbiographerwhoisoftenconsideredboththeinventorandthegreatestpractitionerofthehistoricalnovel.ThelinesquotedinthepassagearefromhislongepicpoemMarmion:ATaleofFloddenField,whichisahistoricalromanceinverseof16th-centuryBritain,endingwiththeBattleofFloddenField(1513).Whatwecanlearnfromthelines“Oh,whatatangledwebweweave,/Whenfirstwepractisetodeceive!”isthatlyingoftensnowballsintoabiggerproblem.Ifapersonstartsoutbytellingonelie,thentheyhavetofollowitupwithanotherandanother.沃爾特·斯科特爵士（1771-1832）是一位蘇格蘭小說家、詩人、歷史學(xué)家和傳記作家，他經(jīng)常被認(rèn)為是歷史小說的發(fā)明者和最偉大的實(shí)踐者。文章中引用的詩句來自他的長(zhǎng)篇史詩《馬爾米翁：弗洛登莊園的故事》，這是16世紀(jì)英國(guó)詩歌中的一段歷史浪漫故事，以弗洛登莊園戰(zhàn)役（1513年）結(jié)束。我們可以從“哦，我們編織了一張多么復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)，/當(dāng)我們第一次欺騙時(shí)！”這句話中學(xué)到的是，撒謊往往會(huì)成為一個(gè)更大的問題。如果一個(gè)人一開始就撒了一個(gè)謊，那么他們就必須接著撒一個(gè)又一個(gè)。Oh,whatatangledwebweweave,

Whenfirstwepractisetodeceive!啊，蒙騙一旦開始，我們須得編織一張錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)！2.Weallknowthathonestyisanimportantvalueandthatlyingiswrong,butwhocanhonestlysaythatthey’venevertoldalie?Perhapswecomfortourselveswiththeknowledgethatmostofthelieswetellare“whitelies”:littleliesthatwetelltoprotectothersfromthetruth.我們都知道誠實(shí)是一項(xiàng)重要品質(zhì)，也知道說謊是不對(duì)的，但是誰又能誠實(shí)地說自己從未說過謊呢？也許我們會(huì)這樣來安慰自己：我們所說的大部分謊言都是“善意的謊言”——我們?yōu)榱吮Ｗo(hù)他人免受真相傷害的小謊言。3.We’veallsurelyhadtheexperienceofsomeonecookingamealforusthatwedon’tlike.Themajorityofusofcoursedon’ttellthetruth—welieandsaythatthefoodis“delicious”.我們一定都有過這樣的經(jīng)歷：別人為我們準(zhǔn)備的飯菜不合我們的口味。我們大多數(shù)人當(dāng)然不會(huì)說實(shí)話——我們會(huì)撒謊說食物“很美味”。4.Orifafriendasksuswhatwethinkoftheirnewhaircut,wesay“It’sgreat!”,evenifwethinkit’sawful.Buttowhatextentcanwejustifytellingwhitelieslikethese?或者有朋友問我們他的新發(fā)型怎么樣，即使我們覺得很糟糕，我們也還是會(huì)說：“太棒了！”但是，我們能在多大程度上

證明說這些善意的謊言是合理的呢？towhatextent:tothedegreeorlimitofsomething達(dá)到某物的程度或限度e.g.

Towhatextentdoesconcernforothersinfluencethechoicesyoumake?對(duì)他人的關(guān)心在多大程度上影響了你的選擇？5.Oneofthemainreasonsfortellingawhitelieistotrytomakeothersfeelbetter.However,whenwelieandsaythatsomeone’shaircutlooksgood,orwhenwesaythatweloveamealthatwesecretlyhate,arewereallyhopingtoimprovethesituationforsomeoneelse?Perhapsweareinfactlyingtoprotectourselvesfromthedisappointmentandangerofothers.說善意謊言的一個(gè)主要原因是為了照顧別人的感受。然而，當(dāng)我們?nèi)鲋e說某人的發(fā)型很好看，或者說不合我們口味的菜很好吃時(shí)，我們真的是在為別人著想嗎？也許實(shí)際上，我們?nèi)鲋e只是為了不讓別人失望和生氣，以免殃及自身。6.Anotherreasonfortellingawhitelieistogiveencouragement.Sayforexamplethatyourfriendasksyouwhatyouthinkofhissinging.Youofcoursesaythatit’swonderful,despitesecretlythinkingthatyourcatcansingbetter.Stopforamomentandconsiderthatperhapsyourfriendwantssomefrankcommentsfromyousothattheycanimprove.Orperhaps,theyneedtoknowthattheyshouldlookforadifferenthobby.說善意謊言的另一個(gè)原因是給予鼓勵(lì)。比方說，你的朋友問你覺得他的歌唱得怎么樣。盡管你私下里認(rèn)為他唱得還不如貓叫好聽，但你還說會(huì)說這很好聽。停下來想一想，也許你的朋友就是想從你那兒得到一些坦誠的意見，從而改進(jìn)和提高。又或者，應(yīng)該讓他知道自己應(yīng)該換一個(gè)愛好了。7.Finally,wemayalsotellawhiteliewhenwewanttoprotectothersfrombadnews.Ifyou’vehadabadday,doyoutellyourparentsaboutit,ordoyouhideyourtearsandliethatyourdaywas“fine”?Ifthelatter,don’tyouthinkyourparentswouldwanttolistentoyouandunderstandyourfeelings?Wouldn’titbebettertorespecttheirconcernforyouandaskfortheiradvice?最后，想要向別人隱瞞壞消息的時(shí)，我們也可能會(huì)說善意的謊言。假如你今天諸事不順，你是對(duì)你的父母說實(shí)話呢，還是會(huì)偷偷擦掉眼淚騙他們說你今天過得“很好”？如果是后者，難道你不覺得其實(shí)父母希望聽你傾訴從而理解你的真實(shí)感受嗎？尊重他們對(duì)你的關(guān)心，向他們尋求建議不是更好嗎？8.GoingbacktoWalterScott’slines,wemayfindevenwhitelieshaveresultswecannotknowinadvance.Perhapsthemealyousaidwas“delicious”willbeservedeverytimeyouvisit.Wouldyourfriendtrustyouropinionagainifhefoundoutyouhadliedabouthis“wonderful”singing?Howwouldyouexpectotherstotrulyunderstandyouremotionsifyouonlysharedgoodnewsinsteadofbad?Moreover,howwouldyoufeelifyoudiscoveredthatthepeopleclosesttoyouhadbeenhidingthetruthfromyou?回到沃爾特·司各特的詩句，我們可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使是善意的謊言，也會(huì)帶來無法預(yù)知的后果。也許被你評(píng)價(jià)為“美味的”飯菜會(huì)在你每次到訪時(shí)都出現(xiàn)在餐桌上。如果你的朋友發(fā)現(xiàn)你對(duì)歌聲“很美妙”的評(píng)價(jià)是個(gè)謊言后，他還會(huì)繼續(xù)信任你的看法嗎？如果你只分享好消息而隱瞞壞消息，你又怎么能指望別人真正理解你的情緒呢？而且，如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)身邊最親近的人對(duì)你隱瞞了真相，你又會(huì)作何感想？IntroductionWeknowlyingiswrong,sowhydowetellwhitelies?MainbodyReason1:Tomakeothersfeelbetter.Example(s)Someone'scookingamealforusthatwedon'tlike.Themajorityofusdon'ttellthetruth-welieandsaythatthefoodis"delicious".Someone'shaircutisawful,butwesay"It'sgreat!".AnalysisPerhapswelietoprotectourselvesfromthedisappointmentandangerofothers.Reason2Togiveencouragement.Example(s)Yousayyourfriend'ssingingiswonderful,despitesecretlythinkingthatyourcatcansingbetter.AnalysisPerhapsyourfriendwantssomefrankcommentsfromyousothattheycanimprove.Perhapstheyneedtoknowthattheyshouldlookforadifferenthobby.Reason3:Toprotectothersfrombadnews.Example(s)You'vehadabadday,butyouhideyourtearsandlietoyourparentsthatyourdaywas"fine".AnalysisPerhapsyourparentswould