高中一輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)話題閱讀集訓(xùn)（四）自然與環(huán)境

話題閱讀集訓(xùn)（四）自然與環(huán)境Ⅰ.閱讀理解ALookingforaperfectdestinationforyourupingtrip?Whetheryouarelookingforarelaxingwalkingexperienceoranin-depthcitydiscovery,Austriacouldbeagoodchoice.ClimateAustriaislocatedinatemperateclimaticzonewithaCentralEuropeanclimateinfluencedbytheAtlanticclimate.Thefourseasons(spring,summer,fallandwinter)eachhavetypicaltemperatureandclimaticcharacters.Duetotheposition'sdiversityandtherelativelylargewest-eastexpanse,therearetwoquitedifferentclimaticregions：EastInthePannonianPlainandalongtheDanubevalley,theclimateshowscontinentalfeatures—lowrainfall,hotsummersbutonlymoderately(適中)coldwinters.AlpineRegion(高山區(qū))Alpineclimate—highrainfall(exceptinnerAlpinevalleyregionssuchastheupperInntal),shortsummers,longwinters.TemperaturesSummer—upto95degreesFahrenheit/average:68degreesFahrenheitWinter—upto14degreesFahrenheit/average:32degreesFahrenheitRemindersofthecountryTransientclimateinfluencedbytheAtlantic(intheWest)andacontinentalinfluenceintheSoutheast.Beforestartingyourwalkorhikeinthemountainspleaseinformyourselfaboutthepresentweatherconditions,dangerofavalanches(雪崩)orrouteconditions.Warningsoflocalsshouldnotbeignored.TraveltimesThebesttimeforhikingandwalkingtoursortovisitacityisfromApriltoOctober.ThepeakseasonforsummervacationisJulyandAugust.ThebesttimetoenjoyyourwintervacationisfromDecembertoMarch.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了奧地利的氣候、溫度、最佳旅游時(shí)間等。1．WhichisthecharacteristicoftheeasternregionofAustria?A．Ithaslongandcoldwinters.B．Itrarelyrainsallyearround.C．Itsweatherisquitechangeable.D．Itswintertemperaturecanreach14°F.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Climate部分的內(nèi)容，尤其是“l(fā)owrainfall”可知，奧地利東部地區(qū)的降雨量較少；由此可知，奧地利東部地區(qū)一年到頭都很少下雨。故選B。2．Whatdoestheauthoradvisepeopletodobeforetheyhikeinthemountains?A．Talkwiththelocals.B．Plantherouteindetail.C．Getsuitablehikingequipment.D．Confirmreal-timeinformationneeded.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Remindersofthecountry”部分中的“Beforestartingyourwalk...orrouteconditions.”可知，在開(kāi)始徒步旅行和遠(yuǎn)足之前，要知道天氣情況，雪崩的危險(xiǎn)和路況；也就是說(shuō)，在徒步旅行之前，要確認(rèn)需要的實(shí)時(shí)信息。故選D。3．WhenisthebesttimetovisitanAustriancity?A．January. B．March.C．August. D．December.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Traveltimes”部分中的“ThebesttimeforhikingandwalkingtoursortovisitacityisfromApriltoOctober.”可知，參觀奧地利城市的最佳時(shí)間是4月至10月；再結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知答案為C。BMadagascar,anislandnationoffthesoutheasterncoastofAfrica,ishometosomeofthemostunusualanimalsintheworld.Butmanyofthesespeciesmaybeindanger.Bushesandlow-lyingplantshavestartedtotakeuptoomuchspaceontheforestfloor,providingfuelforwildfires.SoscientistsareconsideringusinggianttortoisestohelppreventtheforestfiresandtherebyhelpthenativewildlifeinMadagascar.Why?Longago,gianttortoiseslivedalloverMadagascar.Theyateupmanyplantsthatgrewontheforestfloor.Theyalsospreadtheseedsofnativetrees—keepingtheecosystemincheck.Butwhenhumanssettledontheislandover2,000yearsago,huntingcausedthegianttortoisesnativetotheislandtobeeextinct.Now,scientistsplantoship300closerelativesoftheextinctMadagascarantortoisestotheisland.Theyhopethatthesetortoiseswillspreadtheseedsofnativeplantsandchow_down_ontheextrabushes—justliketheirrelativesdidlongago.Tofindtherelatives,scientistsstudiedthefossils(化石)ofMadagascar'sextinctgianttortoises.TheydiscoveredthattheywereactuallyverysimilartoanothergroupofgianttortoisesthatliveontheAldabraAtoll,agroupofislandsintheIndianOcean.WhenthetortoisesfirstarriveinMadagascar,theywillliveinanareaclosedofffromtherestofthewildlife.There,researcherswillwatchthetortoises'everymovetoseehowtheywillreacttothenativeplants.Ifallgoeswell,thetortoiseswillbereleased(放出)intothewild.Similarpracticehasbeensuccessfulinotherplaces.TaketheislandofRodrigues,locatedeastofMadagascar,forexample.Sevenyearsago,tortoiseswerebroughtthere.Nowtheyarespreadingseedsandkeepingthebushesfromtakingover.IfthesamethingworksinMadagascar,thegianttortoisesmaybeusedtohelpoutotherforestsaroundtheworld.語(yǔ)篇解讀：非洲島國(guó)馬達(dá)加斯加為防止森林火災(zāi)和保持生態(tài)平衡，考慮引進(jìn)一種巨型龜。4．Theunderlinedphrase“chowdownon”istheclosestinmeaningto“________”．A．walkaround B．eatupC．gothrough D．livewith解析：選B詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句中“justliketheirrelativesdidlongago”和第二段中的“Theyateupmanyplantsthatgrewontheforestfloor.”可推知，“chowdownon”在句中意為“吃掉”。5．HowwillresearchersdealwiththetortoisestobeintroducedtoMadagascar?A．Theywilldoanexperimentwiththem.B．Theywillalwayskeepthemoffthewildlife.C．Theywillmakethemadapttonativeplantsgradually.D．TheywillparethemwiththeextincttortoisesinMadagascar.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，在引進(jìn)新的烏龜品種時(shí)，科學(xué)家們先要將它們關(guān)在一個(gè)特定的區(qū)域，觀察它們是否適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)氐闹参?，如果一切順利的話，再考慮將它們放到自然界中。也就是說(shuō)，要先做一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，觀察它們的反應(yīng)。6．BymentioningtheislandofRodrigues,theauthortriestoshow________.A．theimportanceoftheforestsB．tortoisesarewidelyspreadallovertheworldC．itusedtohavethesameproblemasMadagascarD．thegianttortoisescanbringhopetoMadagascar解析：選D寫作意圖題。結(jié)合最后一段信息可推斷出，作者介紹在羅得里格斯島上成功引進(jìn)烏龜?shù)睦?，是想說(shuō)明烏龜有望改善馬達(dá)加斯加的環(huán)境。7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Tortoisesetotherescue!B．Madagascar'snativetortoisesbroughttolife!C．TroublescausedbytoomanybushesD．Therelationshipbetweentortoisesandforests解析：選A標(biāo)題歸納題。第一段最后一句為本文主旨句。全文主要介紹島國(guó)馬達(dá)加斯加為防止森林火災(zāi)和保持生態(tài)平衡，考慮引進(jìn)一種巨型龜。etotherescue前來(lái)營(yíng)救。CForenvironmentalreasons,Britainwillbanallnewpetrol-anddiesel-poweredvehiclesfromitsroadsbeginningin23years,agovernmentreportsays.Theplan,expectedWednesday,aimstostartremovingpetrolanddieselenginesin2040.ItfollowsasimilarofficialstatementinFranceandesaftertheBritishgovernmentwasorderedbytheHighCourttodevelopnewplanstoreduceNO2intheair.Judgesruledthatpreviousclean-airplanswerenotenoughtomeetEuropeanUnionpollutionlimitsintheingyears.Britain'sgovernmenthassaidthepoorairqualityhasanunnecessaryandavoidablenegativeeffectoncitizens'health,andcostsuptoD|S3.5billioninannuallostproductivity.PartofthenewplaninvolvesanofferofD|S260milliontolocalgovernmentstochangeruleswherevehicleemissions(排放物)areoverEUstandards.Ideassofarincludechangingroadlayouts,reprogrammingtrafficlightsandchargingafeefortheoldestandmostpollutingcarsontheroad.TheplanalsoincludesDS|1.3billionforgovernmentpurchaseofextreme-low-emissionvehicles,nearlyD|S130milliontoimproveinfrastructureforelectricvehiclechargingstationsandD|S378millionforremodelingexistingvehicles.Climatechangeisalsoareasonfortheplantogetthesevehiclesofftheroad.“Wecan'tcarryonwithpetrolanddieselcars，”EnvironmentSecretaryMichaelGovesaid.“It'simportantweallprepareforasignificantchangewhichdealsnotjustwiththeproblemsofhealthcausedbyemissions,butthebroaderproblemscausedintermsofacceleratingclimatechange.”Goveaddedthatlocalmunitiesarepartlyresponsibleforingupwithwaystolimitemissions,includingpossiblelimitationsonmuters(上下班往返的人)andtheadditionofcleanermasstransportationoptions.Localleadersarecalledontodrawup“appropriateplans”todealwithclimatechallengesrelatedtoemissions,hesaid.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。由于環(huán)境因素的考慮，英國(guó)政府制定逐步禁止以汽油和柴油為動(dòng)力的車輛上路的新計(jì)劃。8．WhydoestheBritishgovernmentdecideonthisban?A．Tofocusonitscitizens'health.B．TofollowinFrance'sfootsteps.C．Torespondtothecourt'srequest.D．Topromotesolarenergyintransport.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容以及第二段中的“Itfollows...wasorderedbytheHighCourttodevelopnewplanstoreduceNO2intheair.”可知，英國(guó)政府之所以下達(dá)這樣的禁令是因?yàn)檫@是英國(guó)最高法院的要求，也就是對(duì)法院要求的回應(yīng)。故選C。9．WhichmeasuremaytheBritishgovernmenttaketoachieveitsplan?A．Limitingthenumberoftrafficlights.B．Changingthewayroadsarearranged.C．Removingoldandhigh-emissionvehicles.D．Investinginpanieswithelectricvehicles.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句可知，英國(guó)政府可能采取的措施包括改變道路布局、重新對(duì)交通信號(hào)燈進(jìn)行程序編寫以及對(duì)最舊和污染最嚴(yán)重的車輛收費(fèi)。故選B。10．WhatcanbeinferredfromGove'swords?A．Unitedeffortsareneededtofulfilltheplan.B．Convenientpublictransportationisbadlyneeded.C．Vehicleemissionsarethekeyfactorinclimatechange.D．Petrolanddieselcarsmayholdbackeconomicprogress.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后兩段的內(nèi)容尤其是“l(fā)ocalmunitiesarepartlyresponsibleforingupwithwaystolimitemissions”“Localleadersarecalledontodrawup‘a(chǎn)ppropriateplans’todealwithclimatechallengesrelatedtoemissions”，再結(jié)合上文中提到的政府所做的努力可知，要實(shí)現(xiàn)禁止以汽油和柴油為動(dòng)力的車輛上路這個(gè)計(jì)劃，需要多方的共同努力。故選A。11．Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．PracticalwaystoreducevehicleemissionsB．TheEUforcesBritaintoimprovethepoorairqualityC．BritainplanstotakepetrolanddieselenginesoffroadsD．Relationshipbetweenvehicleemissionsandclimatechange解析：選C標(biāo)題歸納題?？v觀全文，尤其是第一段的內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述的是英國(guó)政府計(jì)劃逐步禁止以汽油和柴油為動(dòng)力的車輛上路。故選C。DThetouristseingroups,aboardbuses,bicyclesandcampingvehicles.Theystandatthewater'sedgeinawe(贊嘆)oftheicebergsfloatingbeforethem—someaswhiteassnow,othersradiatingadeepblue.Theytakeaquickdeepbreathwhenapiecebreaksoffandfallsintothecoldwater.J?kulsárlónglacierlagoon(環(huán)礁湖)insoutheastIcelandisoneofthecountry'stopattractions.Itisalsoavividwarningoftheglacier'spredicteddisappearance,adamagingconsequenceofclimatechangeinanationwheretheseslow-movingriversoficeareaculturalandsocialsymbol.Itlookscenturiesold,butthelagoononlyappearedinthemid-1930swhentheBreieamerkurj?kullglacierstartedtoretreat(范圍縮小).DeclaredanaturereserveinJuly,itisnowthecountry'sdeepestlakeandgrowingbiggereveryday.Vatnaj?kull,thelargesticecapinIcelandandthesourceofBreieamerkurj?kull,isthinningrapidlyduetorisingglobaltemperaturesandcouldbepletelygonein200years,scientistssay.Otherglaciersmayvanishmuchearlier.“AllglaciersinIcelandareretreatingatanunbelievablepace，”saidOddurSigurdsson,ageologistattheIcelandicMeteorologicalOffice(IMO)whohasstudiedthemfor30years.TheirgoingawayleadstogreatchangesinIceland'sweatherpatterns,waterflows,animalsandplants,volcanicactivityandland,accordingtotheIMO.Icelandisbeinggreenerandsomeofitslandisrisingasclimatechangegatherspace,bringingeconomicandotherconsequences.“Justseeingthemdisappearingisveryheartbreaking，”saidAgnesGunnarsdottir,CEOofPerlanMuseum.Itisholdinganexhibitiononglacierstoeducatepeopleontheeffectofclimatechangeontheenvironment.Sheremembersvisitinghergrandparents'homeinthecountrysidewhenVatnaj?kullwasmuchlarger.“Weareseeingthisinourlifetime.It'schangingsoquickly—it'sveryfrightening.Ifeartheglacierwilldisappearpletelyinthenearfuture，”shesaid.語(yǔ)篇解讀：這是一篇說(shuō)明文，講述的是與冰島的冰川融化相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。12．WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheJ?kulsárlónglacierlagoon?A．ItistheculturalsymbolofIceland.B．Ithasahistoryofseveralhundredsyears.C．Itsexpansionresultsfromicebergs'shrinking.D．ItisthemostpopulartouristattractionofIceland.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Itlookscenturiesold...growingbiggereveryday.”可知，J?kulsárlón冰川環(huán)礁湖的擴(kuò)大是冰山融化即減少的結(jié)果。故選C。13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vanish”inParagraph3mean?A．Disappear. B．Swing.C．Expand. D．Break.解析：選A詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知，科學(xué)家說(shuō)由于全球氣溫的上升，Vatnaj?kull變薄的速度很快，它可能200年后會(huì)完全消失。據(jù)此可知，畫線詞所在句的意思應(yīng)是“其他冰川可能消失得早得多”。畫線詞與上文中的“gone”意思相近，意為“消失”。故選A。14．What'sthelastbutoneparagraphmainlyabout?A．Reasonsforglaciers'melting.B．Possibleeffectsofglaciers'melting.C．TheimportanceofglacierstoIceland.D．Theformationandmovementofglaciers.解析：選B段落大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“Theirgoingawayleadstogreatchangesin...andland”“bringingeconomicandotherconsequences”可知，本段主要講的是冰川融化可能會(huì)帶來(lái)的影響。故選B。15．WhatisAgnesGunnarsdottir'sattitudetowardthechangeofIcelandglaciers?A．Ambiguous. B．Disapproving.C．Concerned. D．Cautious.解析：選C觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容，尤其是“Weareseeingthisinourlifetime.It'schangingsoquickly—it'sveryfrightening.Ifeartheglacierwilldisappearpletelyinthenearfuture”可知，AgnesGunnarsdottir擔(dān)心冰島的冰川在不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)會(huì)全部消失。故選C。Ⅱ.完形填空Itwasahot,sunnydayinanationalforest.Unfortunately,mybestfriend,Ned,andIgot__1__.Oncewerealizedthatwewereseparatedfromourgroup,we__2__triedtofindasafeplacetosetupourbase.Wefoundasmallareanexttoa__3__.Thenwestartedafirewithsomeleavesandsticks__4__nearby.WhileIwas__5__thefire,Nedbroughtmore__6__，whichwereputinthewaterandthenslowlythrownintothefire.The__7__leavescreatedalotofsmoke.Thenwestartedtowritesome__8__notessaying,“WEARELOST!Ifyoufindthis__9__，youwillfindusupstream.Wearekeepingupa(n)__10__fire.Pleasefindus！”Theyweremadeintopaper__11__andsentdownstream,oneeveryfiveminutes.We__12__thattheseboatswoulddrawsomebody'sattention.__13__ourgroupwaswellontheirway,wewantedtobereadyforthem.NedandIstartedto__14__twohollowlogs(空心圓木)andsomestrongsticks.Oursmallfire__15__producedplentyofsmoke.Soonwewerevery__16__tohearwhistles(口哨)farinthedistance.Itmusthavebeenthesmokethatworked.Nowitwastimetostart__17__onthehollowlogs.Weenjoyedthispart__18__wegottosingandshoutalongwiththebeat(節(jié)拍).Soonafter,wewere__19__byourgroupandweheadedbacktoourcampwitha(n)__20__storytotell.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者講述了自己和朋友在森林中同團(tuán)隊(duì)走散并最終被找到的經(jīng)歷。1．A.hurt B．drunkC．punished D．lost解析：選D由下文的“wewereseparatedfromourgroup”可知，“我”和Ned“走失(lost)”了。2．A.immediately B．possiblyC．suddenly D．recently解析：選A我們?cè)噲D“馬上(immediately)”找一個(gè)安全的落腳點(diǎn)。3．A.car B．roomC．stream D．factory解析：選C下文的“downstream”是提示。4．A.missed B．collectedC．bought D．borrowed解析：選B由該空前的“westartedafirewithsomeleavesandsticks”可知，我們用“收集(collected)”來(lái)的樹葉和木棍生起了火。5．A.making B．catchingC．puttingout D．watchingover解析：選D由下文的“Wearekeepingupa(n)__10__fire.