新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）綜合教程4（智慧版）課件 B4U1 Threads of the self：Reading 2

COLLEGEENGLISH新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第四版綜合教程4UnitThreads

of

the

self1NANJINGFORESTRYUNIVERSITYFOREIGNLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESSReading2目錄contents新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1Get

readytoreadTextexploration

ReadandthinkReadandpractice

ReadandtranslateReading2目錄contents新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1Get

readytoreadReadandthinkTextexplorationReadandpractice

ReadandtranslateReading2Get

readytoreadMemory,crucialtoourlives,isfascinatingandcomplex.Howisitstoredinthebrain?Andhowdodifferenttypesofmemoryfunction?Watchavideoclipaboutmemoryandcompletetheoutline.新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1WatchforinformationReading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1Differentfromvisionorlanguage,memoryislocated1)_______________________anditinvolvestheactivationofneuronsinverydifferentplaces.throughoutyour/thebrainsurprisingornewvisualinspaceFeaturesofmemoryGet

readytoreadOurbrainsarephenomenalatrememberingwhatismeaningful,emotional,2)_______________,andwhat’sOurbrainsaregreatatrememberingthingsthatare3)_____________andwherethosethingsare4)__________.repeated.Reading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1Itinvolvesthe5)______________:theinformationlearnedinschoolandour6)_____________information.factsanddatabiographicalstableandaccurateprocedureClassificationoflong-termmemoryGet

readytoreadIt’ssimilarlystableovertime.It’sthememorizedchoreography,the8)______________forhowtodothings.It’sforthestuffthathappened;it’sthestoryofourlife.SemanticmemoryIt’spretty7)________________.MusclememoryEpisodicmemoryWehavetheopportunityto9)_____________,oftennotconsciously.changeitReading2Get

readytoreadAsmentionedinthevideoclip,somememoriesarereliablewhileothersarenot.Discussingroupswhysomememoriesmightbeunreliable.新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1WatchanddiscussReading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1Sampleanswer:Talkingaboutwhysomememoriesmightnotbealwaysreliable,afewthingscometomind.Forstarters,overtime,memoriescangetblurry,justlikeoldpicturesfade.Ourbrainscan’tholdontoeverylittledetail.Also,whenwehavereallystrongemotionsaboutsomethingthathappened,thosefeelingscandistortourmemories.Happyorsad,emotionscolorourrecollection.Plus,aswelearnandgrow,ourviewpointschange,andthatcanreshapehowwerememberstuff.It’slikelookingatthepastwithtoday’seyes,whichmightaltertheoriginalmemory.Get

readytoreadReading2目錄contents新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1ReadandthinkReadandpractice

ReadandtranslateTextexploration

GetreadytoreadReading2TextexplorationPre-readingquestionsStructure

VocabularyBackgroundinformationTextreadingReading2TextexplorationBackgroundinformationTextreadingVocabularyPre-readingquestionsStructureReading2Textexploration“Passiton”isagroupgame.Toplaythegame,agroupofpeoplestandorsitinacircleoraline.Onepersonstartsthegamebythinkingofashortwordorphraseandthenwhisperingitintotheearofthepersonnexttothem.Thatpersonthenpassesitontothethirdpersonandsoon.Attheendofthegame,thelastpersonwillspeaktheword/phraseouttoseehowwellthemessagehasbeendelivered.Thegamecanalsobeplayedintermsofdrawingsimplepicturesorbodilyperformancesinsteadofwhisperingmessages.新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1BackgroundinformationTextexplorationTextreadingVocabularyBackgroundinformationStructurePre-readingquestions新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1Reading2Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1Pre-readingquestionsHaveyoueverforgottensomethingthatwasimportant?Whydomorepeoplerelyonmobilephonestomemorizethings?Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1Sampleanswers:Yes,sometimes.Oneexampleismyfather’sbirthday.Usuallyonmyfather’sbirthdayIwouldsendhimagiftandcallhimtosay“Happybirthday”,butlastyearwhenmyfather’sbirthdaycame,IwassobusythatIdidn’trealizeit.Itjustdidn’tcrossmymind.ItwasnotuntilthreedayslaterwhenIcalledmyfatherthatIknewIhadmissedhisbirthday.Ifeltterribleaboutitandsaid“sorry”tohim.Idon’tlikeforgettingpeople’sbirthdaysespeciallymyfamilymembersorthosepeoplewhoareveryimportanttome.

Reading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1Morepeoplerelyonmobilephonestomemorizethingsbecausethememorycapacityoftheirbrainsislimited,whilethememoryonmobilephonescanbevast.Also,mobilephonesarereallymultifunctional.They’vegotcalendars,reminders,notebooksandeverythingwithinreach.Therearenumerousapplicationsforpeopletouseandhelpthemmemorizethings.TextexplorationReading2TextexplorationBackgroundinformationTextreadingPre-readingquestionsStructureVocabularyReading2Structure新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1Textexploration

Memoryisourpastandfuture.1IPartPara(s).MainIdeaII2～3III4～6IV7～9DifferenttypesofmemoryTheunreliabilityofmemoryThevalueofmemoryReading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1TextexplorationPartI(Para.1)Memoryisourpastandfuture.Toknowwhoyouare,youneedtoknowwhoyou’vebeen.Yourmemoriesare

1)_________________for

yourfuture.aprettygoodguideReading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1TextexplorationSemanticmemory:memoryforfacts.2)_______________________:thenarrativemadefromtheexperiencesofourlives.Otherkindsofimplicitlong-termmemory.(Para.3)PartII(Paras.2-3)DifferenttypesofmemoryWhenIcastmymindbacktoaneventfrommypastIamsomehowabletoreconstructthemomentinsomeofitssensorydetail,andreliveit.(Para.2)AutobiographicalmemoryReading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1TextexplorationOurchildhoodmemoriesareessentiallyrecollectionsseenthroughaprismof7)__________________.(Para.6)PartIII(Paras.4-6)TheunreliabilityofmemoryMemoriesare3)__________________________shapedbythepresentstateofbeingandthussusceptibletodistortion.(Para.4)Thereasonswhymemoriesareunreliable(Para.5)mentalinterveningselvesreconstructionsReading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1TextexplorationThereasonswhymemoriesareunreliable(Para.5)Twoforcesgohead-to-head:theforceofcorrespondenceand5)__________________.Our6)___________________________shapethememoriesthatwecreate.Rememberingisre-remembering.Thebraincombines4)_____________________________withmoreabstractknowledge,andreassemblesthemaccordingtotheneedsofthepresent.fragmentsoftheforceofcoherencesensorymemorycurrentemotionsandbeliefsReading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1TextexplorationItmakesstorytellersofusall,anessentialpartofthehumanexperience.(Para.9)PartIV(Paras.7-9)ThevalueofmemoryMemoryfunctionsnotonlytoreflectonthepastbutalsoto8)________________.(Para.7)Itisameansforendlessly9)____________________,similarinawaytonarrativewriting.(Para.8)lookintothefuturereconfiguringtheselfReading2TextexplorationBackgroundinformationPre-readingquestionsVocabulary

StructureTextreadingReading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit11.Memoryisourpastandfuture.Toknowwhoyouareasaperson,youneedtohavesomeideaofwhoyouhavebeen.And,forbetterorworse,yourrememberedlifestoryisaprettygoodguideforwhatyouwilldotomorrow.Loseyourmemoryandyouloseabasicconnectionwithwhoyouare.Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit12.It’snosurprise,then,thattherehasalwaysbeenfascinationwiththisquintessentiallyhumanability.WhenIcastmymindbacktoaneventfrommypast—let’ssaythefirsttimeIeverswambackstrokeunaidedinthesea—Idon’tjustconjureupdatesandtimesandplaces(whatpsychologistscall“semanticmemory”).Idomuchmorethanthat.Iamsomehowabletoreconstructthemomentinsomeofitssensorydetail,andreliveit,asitwere,fromtheinside.Iambackthere,amidthesightsandsoundsandseasidesmells.Ibecomeatimetravelerwhocanreturntothepresentassoonasthedemandsof“now”intervene.Reading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1Textreading-Keysentences?Phrases:(let’s)say:usedtointroduceasuggestionorpossibleexampleofsth.比方；假設(shè)1.WhenIcastmymindbackto

aneventfrommypast—let’ssaythefirsttimeIeverswambackstrokeunaidedinthesea—Idon’tjustconjureupdatesandtimesandplaces(whatpsychologistscall“semanticmemory”).(Para.2)Textexploration?Practice:Doremembertoapplywithyourexistingpassportnumberwhenitisneartoitsexpirydate,let’ssaytwomonthsbefore,torenewyourpassport.一定要記得在你的護(hù)照到期日臨近前，比如兩個(gè)月前，憑你現(xiàn)有的護(hù)照號(hào)碼申請(qǐng)更新護(hù)照。Reading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1?Paraphrase:WhenIreflectonapastevent,likethefirstsolobackstrokeIdidinthesea,Irecallmorethanjustthebarefacts,suchaswhenandwhereithappened,whicharereferredtoas“semanticmemory”bypsychologists.?Translation:當(dāng)我回想過(guò)去的某件事——比方說(shuō)，我第一次獨(dú)立在海里仰泳，沒(méi)有他人協(xié)助——我不僅僅會(huì)回憶起日期、時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)（心理學(xué)家將這些信息稱為“語(yǔ)義記憶”）。Textexploration1.WhenIcastmymindbacktoaneventfrommypast—let’ssay

thefirsttimeIeverswambackstrokeunaidedinthesea—Idon’tjustconjureupdatesandtimesandplaces(whatpsychologistscall“semanticmemory”).

(Para.2)Reading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1Textreading-Keysentences?Phrases:asitwere:usedwhendescribingsb.orsth.inawaythatisnotquiteexact可以說(shuō)是2.Iamsomehowabletoreconstructthemomentinsomeofitssensorydetail,andreliveit,asitwere,fromtheinside.(Para.2)TextexplorationHerethephrase“asitwere”indicatesrelivingthemomentdoesn’tliterallymeangettingbacktothepastandexperiencingitagain.Buttherecallingofthememoryissovividwithdetailsthattheauthorfeelslikeexperiencingitonsite.?Translation:我似乎可以在內(nèi)心深處回憶起某些感官細(xì)節(jié)，以某種方式重構(gòu)、重溫那一刻。Reading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1TextexplorationCompare:asitwere&asitisasitis：1)

becauseofthesituationthatactuallyexists–usedwhenthatsituationisdifferentfromwhatyouexpectedorneeded事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上（表示實(shí)際情況和可能情況的對(duì)比）e.g.Theywerehopingtofinishby6o'clock,butasitis,theywillbeluckytofinishby9!2)already已經(jīng)e.g.Justkeepquiet–you’reinenoughtroubleasitis.Reading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1?Practice:①吉姆可以說(shuō)成了我們的偶像，我們都想變成他那樣的人。TextexplorationJimbecameouridol,asitwere,themanweallwantedtobe.WeweresavingmoneytogotoMaldives,butasitiswecanonlyaffordtogoonacampingtrip.②我們本打算存夠錢去馬爾代夫，可事實(shí)上恐怕我們只能去得起一趟野營(yíng)旅游。Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit13.ThesortofmemoryIhavedescribedisknownas“autobiographicalmemory,”becauseitisaboutthenarrativewemakefromthehappeningsofourownlives.Itisdistinguishedfromsemanticmemory,whichismemoryforfacts,andotherkindsofimplicitlong-termmemory,suchasyourmemoryforcomplexactionslikeridingabikeorplayingthesaxophone.Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit14.Whenyouaskpeopleabouttheirmemories,theyoftentalkasthoughtheywerematerialpossessions,enduringrepresentationsofthepasttobecarefullyguardedanddeeplycherished.Butthisviewofmemoryisquitewrong.Memoriesarenotfiledawayinthebrainlikevideocassettes,tobeslottedinandplayedwhenit’stimetorecallthepast.

Sci-fiandfantasyfictionmightattempttocajoleusintothinkingotherwise,butmemoriesarenotdiscreteentitiesthatcanbetakenoutofoneperson’sheadanddistilledforsomeoneelse’sviewing.

Theyarementalreconstructions,niftymultimediacollagesofhowthingswere,thatareshapedbyhowthingsarenow.AutobiographicalReading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1memoriesarestitchedtogetherwhentheyareneededfrominformationstoredinmanydifferentneuralsystems.Thatmakesthemcuriouslysusceptibletodistortion,andoftennotnearlyasreliableaswewouldlike.Reading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1Textreading-Keysentences?Sentencestructure:3. Memoriesarenotfiledawayinthebrainlikevideocassettes,tobeslottedinandplayedwhenit’stimetorecallthepast.(Para.4)TextexplorationHereinthesentencetheauthorusesasimile:…not…likevideocassettes.Thesimileindicatesthereisacontrastbetweenthestorageofmemoryandthefilingofvideocassettes.Thecontrastillustratesthatmemoryisintricate,differentfromdiscreteobjectsthatcanbestoredandretrievedseparately.?Translation:大腦中的記憶并非像錄像帶一樣歸檔存儲(chǔ)，需要回憶往事時(shí)就拿出來(lái)塞到播放器中播放。Reading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1Textexploration①Onomatopoeia,alanguagethatnamessomethingoranactionbyimitatingthesoundassociatedwithit.e.g.Ontherootoftheschoolhousesomepigeonsweresoftlycooing.②Euphemism,thesubstitutionofaninoffensiveexpressionforoneconsideredoffensivelyexplicit.e.g.Hisgrandmapassedawaylastmonth.

InBook1,2and3wehavelearnedaboutsomecommonfiguresofspeech,suchassimile,metaphor,personificationandhyperbole.Exceptthem,therearesomeothercommonones.Reading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1Textexploration③Oxymoron,afigureofspeechthatdeliberatelycombinestwowordsthatseemtomeantheoppositeofeachother.e.g.

It(NewYork)hasthepoorestmillionaires,thelittlestgreatmen,thehaughtiestbeggars,theplainestbeauties,thelowestskyscrapers,thedolefulestpleasuresofanytownIeversaw.(O.Henry)④Pun(雙關(guān)語(yǔ)),aplayonwords,eitherondifferentsensesofthesamewordoronthesimilarsenseorsoundofdifferentwords.e.g.

Noteverythingthatcanbecountedcounts

andnoteverythingthatcountscanbecounted.—AlbertEinsteinReading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1TextexplorationSevendayswithoutwatermakesoneweak.Goodcoffeeislikefriendship:rich,warmandstrong.Hisrelationwithhiswifehasnotbeenfortunate.Heheardasnakehissinginhisear.Therewasanaudiblestillness,inwhichthecommonvoicesoundedstrange.Figureoutwhattypesoffiguresofspeechareusedinthefollowingsentences.?Practice:Sampleanswer:①

pun

②simile

③euphemism④onomatopoeia

⑤oxymoronReading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1Textreading-Keysentences?Paraphrase:4. Sci-fiandfantasyfictionmightattempttocajoleusintothinkingotherwise,butmemoriesarenotdiscreteentitiesthatcanbetakenoutofoneperson’sheadanddistilledforsomeoneelse’sviewing.(Para.4)TextexplorationAlthoughsciencefictionandfantasyliteraturemightleadustobelievethatit’spossible,thetruthisthatmemoriesarenotindependentandseparateelementsthatcanbeextractedfromone’smindforanotherpersontoobserve.?Translation:事實(shí)上，記憶并不是獨(dú)立的實(shí)體，無(wú)法從一個(gè)人的大腦中提取出來(lái)，再提煉給其他人觀看，盡管科幻小說(shuō)和奇幻小說(shuō)可能讓我們誤以為如此。Reading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1?Phrases:Textexplorationthinkotherwise:thinksth.different并非如此認(rèn)為say/decideotherwise:tosayordecidesomethingdifferent?Practice:Whilemostpeopleenjoysummerforitswarmweatherandsunnydays,somethinkotherwiseandpreferthecoolnessandtranquilityofwinter.大多數(shù)人喜歡夏天煦暖的氣候和大晴天，而有些人卻并非如此認(rèn)為，他們更愛(ài)冬天的涼爽和寧?kù)o。Reading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1Textreading-Keysentences?Translation:5.Theyarementalreconstructions,niftymultimediacollagesofhowthingswere,thatareshapedbyhowthingsarenow.(Para.4)Textexploration記憶是腦海中對(duì)過(guò)去事物的重構(gòu)，是巧妙的多媒體拼貼，也是由當(dāng)下的事物塑造而成的。?Wordbuilding:Intheword“multimedia”theprefix“multi-”means“many”.Morewordswiththeprefix“multi-”:multicoloredmultistoreymultiracialmultitaskingReading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1TextexplorationThecomputerhasapowerfuloperatingsystemthatallows_____________.Astheyoftenoccupycrampedsites,LondonBoardschoolsareusually_____________buildings.Thevirtualtourincludes_____________displaysdemonstratinghowthemarketworks.Inthe____________societythereareadjustmentstobemadeonallsides.Agiant____________flagwavedinthemiddaysun.Completethesentenceswiththewordsmultimedia,multicolored,multistorey,multiracialormultitasking.?Practice:multitaskingmultistoreymultimediamultiracialmulticoloredReading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit15.Whataccountsforthisunreliability?Onefactormustbethatrememberingisalwaysre-remembering.Likeagameof“Passiton,”anysmallerrorislikelytobepropagatedalongthechainofremembering.

ThesensoryimpressionsthatItookfromtheeventarelikelytobestoredquiteaccurately.Itistheassembly—theresultingedit—thatmightnotbearmuchresemblancetohowthingsactuallywere.Instoryboardinganautobiographicalmemory,thebraincombinesfragmentsofsensorymemorywithamoreabstractknowledgeaboutevents,andreassemblesthemaccordingtothedemandsofthepresent.Twoforcesgohead-to-headinremembering.Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1Theforceofcorrespondencetriestokeepmemorytruetowhatactuallyhappened,whiletheforceofcoherenceensuresthattheemergingstoryfitsinwiththeneedsoftheself,whichofteninvolvesportrayingtheego

inthebestpossiblelight.

Indubitably,ourcurrentemotionsandbeliefsshapethememoriesthatwecreate.Whenourpresent-dayemotionschange,sodoourmemories.Reading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1Textreading-Keysentences?Paraphrase:6.Whataccountsforthisunreliability?Onefactormustbethatrememberingisalwaysre-remembering.Likeagameof“Passiton,”anysmallerrorislikelytobepropagatedalongthechainofremembering.(Para.5)TextexplorationTheunreliabilityofmemorycanbeattributed,inpart,tothefactthatrememberingalwaysinvolvesarepeatedprocessofretrievingandreconstructingmemories,muchlikethegameof“Passiton,”whereanysmallerrorislikelytogrowasitisfurtherpasseddownthechainofremembering.?Translation:這種不可靠的原因是什么呢？其中必然有個(gè)原因是回憶往往是重復(fù)回憶。就像傳話游戲一樣，任何微小的錯(cuò)誤都有可能沿著回憶鏈傳播。Reading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1?Wordbuilding:TextexplorationHeretheword“re-remember”consistsoftheprefix“re-”andtheroot“remember.”Itdenotesthattheformationofmemoryisnotaone-timeprocess,butadynamicprocessinvolvingrepeatedstorageandretrievalofinformationinthebrain.Theprefix“re-”usuallymeans“again”or“back”.?Practice:Trytofindmorewordswiththeprefix“re-”inthetextandfigureoutthemeaningoftheprefix“re-”ineachword:Afor“again”,Bfor“back”.reconstructrelivereturnrecallreconstructionreassemblereconfigureAABAAA(Paras.

2,

4,5&8)BReading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1Textreading-Keysentences?Paraphrase:7.

Theforceofcorrespondencetriestokeepmemorytruetowhatactuallyhappened,whiletheforceofcoherenceensuresthattheemergingstoryfitsinwiththeneedsoftheself,whichofteninvolvesportrayingtheego

inthebestpossiblelight.(Para.5)TextexplorationTheforceofmatchingmemorywithfactsstrivestokeepmemorytruetoactualevents,whiletheforceoffittingmemoryinthepresentcircumstancesmakessurethatthestorydevelopedfrommemoryisadaptedtotheneedsofthecurrentself,whichoftenmeanspresentingone’simageinafavorablemanner.Reading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit17.

Theforceofcorrespondencetriestokeepmemorytruetowhatactuallyhappened,whiletheforceofcoherenceensuresthattheemergingstoryfitsinwiththeneedsoftheself,whichofteninvolvesportrayingtheegointhebestpossiblelight.(Para.5)Textexploration?Translation:吻合之力試圖讓記憶與實(shí)際發(fā)生的事情保持一致，而協(xié)調(diào)之力則確保記憶呈現(xiàn)的故事符合當(dāng)下自我的需要，這往往涉及到盡可能以最優(yōu)的形象塑造自我。?Sentencestructure:Inthissentence“whichofteninvolvesportrayingtheegointhebestpossiblelight”isarelativeclausethatmodifiestheformersentence“whiletheforceofcoherenceensuresthattheemergingstoryfitsinwiththeneedsoftheself”.Reading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1TextexplorationShecycledfromNanjingtoBeijing.Thatisprettydifficultforawomanof52.

Combineeachofthefollowingpairsofsentencesintoonewith“which”.?Practice:ShecycledfromNanjingtoBeijing,whichisprettydifficultforawomanof52.②Hewaseducatedatthelocalgrammarschool.AfterthathewentontoUniversityofOxford.Hewaseducatedatthelocalgrammarschool,afterwhichhewentontoUniversityofOxford.Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit16.Ofallthememorieswecherish,thosefromchildhoodarepossiblythemostspecial.Memoriesofchildhoodareoftenmadeouttohaveaparticularkindofauthenticity;wethinktheymustbepurebecausewewerecognitivelysosimplebackthen.However,whenyoureaddescriptionsofpeople’sveryearlymemories,youseethattheyoftenfunctionasmythsofcreation.Oneparticulardifficultywithearlymemoriesistheirsusceptibilitytocontaminationbyvisualimages,suchasphotographsandvideos.I’msurethatseveralofmychildhoodmemoriesareactuallymemoriesofseeingmyselfinphotos.Whenwelookbackintothepast,wearealwaysdoingsothroughaprismofinterveningselves.Reading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1Textreading-Keysentences?Phrases:8.However,whenyoureaddescriptionsofpeople’sveryearlymemories,youseethattheyoftenfunctionasmythsofcreation.(Para.6)TextexplorationHere“mythsofcreation,”alsotermedas“creationmyths,”refertoculturalortraditionalnarrativesdescribingtheearliestbeginningoftheworld.Creationmythsarethemostcommonformofmyth.SomefamousChinesecreationmythsincludethemythicstoriesofPangu,Nüwa,Fuxi,etc.Reading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1?Paraphrase:8.However,whenyoureaddescriptionsofpeople’sveryearlymemories,youseethattheyoftenfunctionasmythsofcreation.(Para.6)TextexplorationHowever,ifyougettoknowpeoples’descriptionsoftheirearlymemories,youwillfindtheirstoriesarenotauthenticaccountsofwhathappenedinthepast,justlikecreationmythsofhowtheworldbeganarenotrealhistory.?Translation:然而，如果去品讀人們對(duì)早期記憶的描述，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們往往像創(chuàng)世神話般不可信。Reading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1Textreading-Keysentences?Paraphrase:9.Whenwelookbackintothepast,wearealwaysdoingsothroughaprismofinterveningselves.(Para.6)TextexplorationWhenwereflectonthepast,weareconstantlydoingsofromtheperspectiveofvariousversionsofourselvesatdifferenttimes,andtheseperspectiveswillmodifyourmemoriesofthepast.?Translation:在回憶過(guò)去的時(shí)候，我們總是一次次介入，通過(guò)一個(gè)個(gè)自我形成了過(guò)去的記憶。Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit17.Whatshouldwedoaboutthistroublesomementalfunction?Foronething,Idon’tthinkweshouldstopvaluingit.Memorycanleadusastray—itisamachinewithmanymovingparts,andconsequentlymanythingsthatcangoawry.Butevenwhenitisfailing,memoryisdoingexactlythethingitissupposedtodo.Andthatpurposeisasmuchaboutlookingintothefutureasitisaboutlookingintothepast.Thereisonlyalimitedevolutionaryadvantageinbeingabletoreminisceaboutwhathappenedtoyou,butthereisahugepayoffinbeingabletousethatinformationtoworkoutwhatisgoingtohappennext.Similarneuralsystemsseemtounderpinpast-relatedandfuture-relatedthinking.Memoryisendlesslycreative,andatonelevelitfunctionsinawayakintohowimaginationdoes.Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit18.That’showIthinkweshouldvaluememory:asameansforendlesslyreconfiguringtheself.It’simportantnottopushtheanalogywithstorytellingtoofar,butit’savaluableone.Whenwriterscreateimaginarymemoriesfortheircharacters,theydoasimilarkindofthingtowhatwealldowhenwemakeamemory.Theyweavetogetherbitsoftheirownpersonalexperience,emotionsandsensoryimpressionsandtheminutiaeofspecificcontexts,andtailorthemintoastorybyhangingthemontoaframeworkofhistoricalfact.Theydoallthatwhilemakingthemfittheneedsofthenarrative,servingthestoryasmuchastheyservetruth.Reading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1Textreading-Keysentences?Paraphrase:10.Theyweavetogetherbitsoftheirownpersonalexperience,emotionsandsensoryimpressionsandtheminutiaeofspecificcontexts,andtailorthemintoastorybyhangingthemontoaframeworkofhistoricalfact.(Para.8)TextexplorationWriterscombinesomepiecesoftheirpersonalexperience,emotions,sensoryimpressions,andtrivialdetailsofcertaincircumstancestodevelopastorybygroundingthemwithinacontextofhistoricalfacts.?Translation:他們將自己的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷、情感和感官印象及特定環(huán)境中的細(xì)枝末節(jié)編織在一起，將其置于歷史事實(shí)的框架，塑造成為一個(gè)特定的故事。Reading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1?Words:TextexplorationHere“weave”isusedasaverbwhichmeans“putmanydifferentideas,subjects,stories,etc.togetherandconnectthemsmoothly”（通過(guò)糅合不同的事物）編寫，編造?Practice:ThebiographyweavestogetherthevariousstrandsofJean-HenriFabre'slife.這部傳記把法布爾一生的各個(gè)方面編纂成書。Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit19.Toemphasizeitsnarrativenatureisnottounderminememory’svalue.Itissimplytoberealisticaboutthiseverydaypsychologicalmiracle.Ifwecanbemorehonestaboutmemory’squirks,wecangetalongwithitbetter.WhenIthinkbacktomyfirstattemptatsoloswimming,itdoesn’tbothermethatIhaveprobablygotsomeofthedetailswrong.Itmightbeafiction,butit’smyfiction,andItreasureit.Memoryislikethat.Itmakesstorytellersofusall.Reading2TextexplorationBackgroundinformationPre-readingquestionsVocabulary

StructureTextreadingReading2新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（第四版）

綜合教程Unit1Textexploration1.castone’smind