(核心素養(yǎng)測(cè)評(píng))三十選修6Unit5Thepowerofnature含解析

核心素養(yǎng)測(cè)評(píng)三十選修6Unit5Thepowerofnature(限時(shí)35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解TheozoneholethatopenseveryyearovertheAntarcticisoncoursetobethesmallestinthreedecades,scientistshavesaid.Researcherssaytheholeisalsoaparticularlyunusualshapethisyear,beingheavilyskewed(扭曲)towardsSouthAmericainsteadofcentringontheSouthPole.AccordingtotheBritishAntarcticSurvey,theholehadreachedanareaof11millionsquarekilometresinearlySeptember,whentheannual“springwarming”eventkickedinmuchearlierthanusual.In2018,theholereachedamaximumareaof22.9millionsquarekilometres.In2002,thepolarvortexsplitintwo,creatingtwoseparateozoneholesoverthecontinent.AnnaJones,ascientistattheBritishAntarcticSurvey,toldTheIndependenttheshapeoftheholethisyearwas“veryunusual”.Shesaid,“Thisisaprettynewphenomenon.Itcouldbeamultiplecollectionoffactors.”SatelliterecordsforthepolarvortexinAntarcticagobacktothelate1970s,butthe2002splitvortexistheonlyothermajorchange.“Scientistshaven’tquitefigureditoutyet...therearevariousthingstheycanlookat,butit’scertainlyveryunusual,”DrJonessaid.DrJonessaidthekeytoreducingthesizeoftheozoneholeinthelongtermwascontinuingtoclampdownontheillegalman-madechemicalscausingthedestruction.ShealsowarnedpeoplelivinginSouthAmericacouldnowbeatriskfromdangerousUVradiationastheozonehasthinned.“Thekeythingisthatthegasesthatdestroyozonearestillaround,stillintheatmosphere,”shesaid.“Idoubtwewillseethisagainnextyear.Wecan’tberelieved,itabsolutelydoesn’tmeantheozoneholeisnevergoingtobeseenagain.”

【文章大意】本文為說(shuō)明文,講的是科學(xué)家研究發(fā)現(xiàn)今年南極上空臭氧空洞的形狀“異乎尋?！?嚴(yán)重向南美傾斜。1.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheStrangelyShapedAntarcticOzoneHoleB.TheTerribleEnvironmentalPollutionintheWorldC.TheGreatDamageDonetotheEnvironmentintheAntarcticD.TheRiskofDangerousUVRadiationintheAtmosphere【解析】選A。主旨大意題?？v觀全文可知本文講的是今年南極上空臭氧空洞的形狀“異乎尋?！?嚴(yán)重向南美傾斜,與A項(xiàng)一致,故選A。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“clampdownon”inthelastparagraphmean?A.increaseB.limitC.pourD.release【解析】選B。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句話中的“thekeytoreducingthesizeoftheozonehole”和“...theillegalman-madechemicalscausingthedestruction”可知,此處表示減小臭氧層空洞的關(guān)鍵仍是限制破壞臭氧層的非法人造化學(xué)品,故選B。3.Whatcanwelearnaccordingtothepassage?A.TheozoneholeovertheAntarcticwillnotbeseenagain.B.ThepolarvortexinAntarcticafirsthappenedtothelate1970s.C.In2002,theholereachedamaximumareaof22.9millionsquarekilometres.D.Theannual“springwarming”eventusuallykickedinlaterthanearlySeptember.【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句話可知A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)第四段第一句話可知南極極地渦旋的衛(wèi)星紀(jì)錄可以追溯到而不是極地渦旋第一次發(fā)生于20世紀(jì)70年代末,故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)第二段第三句話可知C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)第二段第二句話中的“...inearlySeptember,whentheannual‘springwarming’eventkickedinmuchearlierthanusual.”可知D項(xiàng)正確,故選D。4.Thepassagecanbereadfrom________.

A.anenvironmentnewspaperB.afashionmagazineC.anentertainmentmagazineD.aschooltextbook【解析】選A。文章出處題。本文講的是環(huán)境方面的新發(fā)現(xiàn),故選A。Ⅱ.完形填空Likemanynewgraduates,Ileftuniversityfullofhopeforthefutureandwantedtomakea1intheworldsomehow,butIhadnoideahowtodothat.That’s2IlearnedabouttheLighthouseProject.

Istartedmy3asaLighthouseProjectvolunteerbyreadingasmuchasIcouldabouttheexperiencesofprevious4.Iknewitwouldbealotofhardwork,andthatIwouldbeawayfrommyfamilyandfriendsforaverylongtime.5,IdidnottakemydecisiontoapplyfortheLighthouseProjectlightly.

Isentinallthepaperworkneededfortheapplication.Aftercountlessinterviewsandpresentations,Imanagedto6amongthecandidatesandsurvivethetestalone.Severalmonthslater,Ifinallyreceivedacallaskingmetoreportforthe7.Iwouldbegoingtoasmall8nearAbuja,Nigeria.

Aftercompletingmytraining,Iwassenttothevillagethatwassmalland9inneedofproperaccommodation.Thoughthelocalvillagerswerepoor,theyofferedtheirhomes,hearts,andfood10Iweretheirownfamily.Iwasaskedtoleadasmallteamoflocalpeopleinbuildinganewschoolhouse.Forthenextyearorso,I11inthatsameschoolhouse.ButIsometimesthinkIlearnedmorefrommy12thantheydidfromme.

Sometimeduringthatperiod,Irealizedthatallthosethingsthathadseemedsostrangeor13tomenolongerdid,thoughIdidnotgetanywherewiththelocal14,andreturnedtotheUnitedStatesadifferentman.TheLighthouseProjecthadchangedmy15forever.

【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講了作者當(dāng)志愿者的經(jīng)歷。當(dāng)志愿者的經(jīng)歷改變了作者的人生。1.A.contribution B.differenceC.change D.attempt【解析】選B。句意:和許多新畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生一樣,我懷著對(duì)未來(lái)的希望離開了大學(xué),想以某種方式影響世界,但我不知道該怎么做。contribution貢獻(xiàn);difference不同;change改變;attempt試圖,故選B。2.A.whyB.howC.whenD.where【解析】選C。句意:那時(shí)我才了解到燈塔計(jì)劃。“________IlearnedabouttheLighthouseProject”是一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),用when,故選C。

3.A.journey B.careerC.occupation D.business【解析】選A。句意:作為燈塔計(jì)劃的志愿者,通過(guò)盡可能多地閱讀以前志愿者的經(jīng)歷,我開始了我的旅程。journey旅程;career職業(yè);occupation職業(yè);business生意,故選A。4.A.volunteers B.fellowsC.graduates D.applicants【解析】選A。volunteers志愿者;fellows家伙;graduates畢業(yè)生;applicants申請(qǐng)人,根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境故選A。5.A.Inturn B.InrewardC.Inhonor D.Inshort【解析】選D。句意:總之,我并沒(méi)有輕率地決定申請(qǐng)燈塔計(jì)劃。inturn依次;inreward作為報(bào)酬;inhonor為了紀(jì)念;inshort總之,故選D。6.A.stickout B.turnoutC.standout D.pickout【解析】選C。根據(jù)andsurvivethetestalone.可知這里意思是我成功地在候選人中脫穎而出。stickout醒目,伸出;turnout結(jié)果是;standout突出的,杰出的;pickout挑選出,故選C。7.A.duty B.callC.application D.responsibility【解析】選A。句意:幾個(gè)月后,我終于接到一個(gè)電話,讓我去報(bào)到。reportfortheduty報(bào)到,該短語(yǔ)是固定短語(yǔ),故選A。8.A.city B.companyC.village D.school【解析】選C。根據(jù)Iwassenttothevillagethatwassmalland________inneedofproperaccommodation.可知這里意思是我將要去一個(gè)小村莊。city城市;company公司;village村莊;school學(xué)校,故選C。

9.A.instantly B.desperatelyC.severely D.timely【解析】選B。instantly立即地;desperately極度地;severely嚴(yán)重地;timely及時(shí)地,由上題句意可知選B。10.A.asif B.evenifC.justas D.whatif【解析】選A。句意:雖然當(dāng)?shù)氐拇迕窈芨F,但他們把自己的家、心和食物都給了我,就好像我是他們自己的家人一樣。asif好像;evenif雖然;justas正像;whatif假使……將會(huì)怎么樣,故選A。11.A.studied B.survivedC.supported D.taught【解析】選D。句意:在接下來(lái)的一年左右的時(shí)間里,我在同一所校舍教書。study學(xué)習(xí);survive幸存;support支持;teach教書,故選D。12.A.villagers B.colleaguesC.students D.competitors【解析】選C。句意:我有時(shí)覺(jué)得我從學(xué)生那里學(xué)到的比我教給學(xué)生的更多。villagers村民;colleagues同事;students學(xué)生;competitors競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者,故選C。13.A.familiar B.similarC.cruel D.unusual【解析】選D。句意:那些原本對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)看上去很陌生或很不尋常的東西,已經(jīng)不再陌生或奇特。familiar熟悉的;similar相似的;cruel殘酷的;unusual不尋常的,故選D。14.A.language B.peopleC.attractions D.accommodation【解析】選A。句意:雖然我在當(dāng)?shù)卣Z(yǔ)言方面沒(méi)有任何成效。didnotgetanywhere意為沒(méi)取得任何效果。language語(yǔ)言;people人們;attractions吸引力;accommodation住處,故選A。15.A.character B.experienceC.interest D.life【解析】選D。句意:燈塔計(jì)劃永遠(yuǎn)地改變了我的人生。character性格;experience經(jīng)驗(yàn);interest興趣;life人生,故選D。【知識(shí)拓展】佳詞積累

1.previousadj.先前的

2.application n.申請(qǐng)

3.presentation n.介紹會(huì)

4.candidate n.候選人Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空Childrenshouldavoidscreentimeforatleastanhourbeforebedtimeandparentsshouldleadbyexample,according1.________newlypublishedguidelines.IntheUK,atopcollegehaspublishedguidance2._______(design)tohelpparentsmanagetheirchildren’sscreentime.3.________(follow)amajorreview,theyacknowledgethathighlevelsofscreentimearelinkedtoa4.________(little)healthydiet,poorermentalhealthandaninactivelifestyle.

Dr.MaxDavie,5.________healthofficer,saidthatchildrenlearnfromexamplesratherthaninstructions.Hesaid,“It’sverydifficult6.________(give)strictlimitsonyourchildren’sscreenuseifyouareconstantlyonscreens7.________(you).Parentsneedtogetcontroloftheirownscreentimeiftheyaregoingtogetcontrolofthefamily’sscreentime.It’smuchmorepracticalifyoupractise8.________yourequire.”

Theysuggestedthatparentsshouldcontrolscreentime9.________(base)onthechild’sdevelopmentalage,theindividualneedandvaluethefamilyplaceonpositive10.________(active)suchassocializing,bodybuildingandsleep.

【文章大意】本文屬于說(shuō)明文。介紹兒童身心健康與屏幕使用時(shí)間的關(guān)系。1.【解析】to?？疾榻樵~。accordingto“根據(jù)”,是固定搭配。故用to。2.【解析】designed?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子可知,designedtohelpparents作后置定語(yǔ)修飾guidance,design與guidance屬于動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞形式designed。3.【解析】Following?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子可知,follow作狀語(yǔ),與其邏輯主語(yǔ)they屬于主謂關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式following。4.【解析】less?？疾樾稳菰~比較級(jí)。空后有poorer提示,故用little的比較級(jí)形式less。5.【解析】a?？疾楣谠~。分析句子可知,healthofficer作Dr.MaxDavie的同位語(yǔ),officer為可數(shù)名詞,單數(shù)表示泛指,故用a。6.【解析】togive?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。在it的形式主語(yǔ)句中,動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)togivestrictlimitsonyourchildren’sscreenuse是句子的真正主語(yǔ),故用togive。7.【解析】yourself?？疾榉瓷泶~。用反身代詞yourself表示強(qiáng)調(diào),故用yourself。8.【解析】what。考查賓語(yǔ)從句。yourequire作practise的賓語(yǔ),從句中缺乏賓語(yǔ),故用what。

9.【解析】based?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。basedon以……為基礎(chǔ)。10.【解析】activities?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。空后有三項(xiàng)活動(dòng):社交、健身和睡眠,故使用activities。Ⅳ.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。Arthur,ayoungpainter,wenttoFrancetosurroundhimselfwithbeautyandinspiration.Helivedonthecheap,paintedeveryday,visitedmuseums,traveledtopicturesqueplaces,bravelyspoketoeveryonehemet,andshowedhisworktoanyonewhowouldlookatit.Oneafternoon,hestruckupaconversationatacafewithagroupofcharmingyoungpeople,whoturnedouttobesomefancynobles.TheytookalikingtoArthurandinvitedhimtoapartythatweekendinacastleintheLoireValley.Theysaidthiswasgoingtobethepartyoftheyear.ItwouldbeattendedbytherichandfamousandbyseveralcrownedheadsofExcited,Arthurworkedallweekonacostume(服裝)thathewascertainwouldbehighlyimpressive.Heheldbackonneitherthedetailsnortheimaginationofthiscreation.Thenherentedacaranddrovethreehourstothecastle.Hechangedintohiscostumeinthecarandwentupthecastlesteps.Arthurenteredtheballroom,proud.Uponarrival,heimmediatelyrealizedhismistake.Thiswasindeedacostumepartybutthiswasathemedcostumeparty.Thethemewas“amedievalcourt”.Allaroundhim,thewealthyandbeautifulweredressedinfancyclothes,wearingsparklingjewels.Arthur,ontheotherhand,wasdressedasalobster(龍蝦),wearingaredcoat,redtights,redballetslippers,andgiantredclaws.Also,hisfacewaspaintedred.AndhewastheonlyAmericanintheroom,too.注意:續(xù)寫部分分為兩段,每段的開頭語(yǔ)已為你寫好。Hestoodatthetopofthestepsforonelong,frightfulmoment.____________________________________________________________________________________________________