高考英語培優(yōu)增分一輪人教經(jīng)典版培優(yōu)講義必修34Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars

話題素材——天文科普[話題詞匯]1．inventionn.發(fā)明2．explorev.探險；考察3．spacewalkn.太空行走4．phenomenonn.現(xiàn)象5．a(chǎn)dvancedadj.高級的；先進的；領先的6．a(chǎn)spacetravel太空之旅7．eintoexistence開始產(chǎn)生；成立8．mannedspaceship載人宇宙飛船9．launch_a_satellite發(fā)射衛(wèi)星10．solaractivity太陽活動11．be_proud_of對……感到自豪12．changeone'slife改變某人的生活13．etrue實現(xiàn)14．inthefieldofscience在科學領域15．improvethequalityoflifeforhumans為人類提高生活質(zhì)量[經(jīng)典佳句]1．It_is_science_and_technology_thatmakesourlifemorecolorful.是科學技術使我們的生活更加豐富多彩。2．It_goes_without_saying_thatmoderntechnologybringsusconvenienceandfortinlife.毫無疑問，現(xiàn)代科技給我們的生活帶來方便和舒適。3．Thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologymakes_it_possible_for_China_to_realizethedreamofgoingintoouterspace.科學技術的發(fā)展使得中國實現(xiàn)進入外太空的夢想成為可能。精美語篇Doweneedspaceexploration?Manhasbeenfascinatedbyouterspaceforthousandsofyears.Ithasbeenoverfortyyearssinceman'sfirstlandingonthemoon.Now,somepeoplebelievethatspaceexplorationisawasteoftimeandmoney.Theypointoutthefactthatitcostbillionsofdollarstocarryonthespaceresearch,butlittleinformationwasbroughtback.However,everycoinhastwosides.Therearestillamajorityofotherpeoplewhobelievethatspaceexplorationhasmoreadvantages.AndIagreewiththosepeople.Manynewproducts,suchasweatherandmunicationsatellites,arealsoproductsofspaceprograms,andtheyhavebenefitedpeopleallovertheworld.Andwhat'smore,scientificknowledgeaboutouterspacehasbeenacquiredbymankind.Webelievethatitwillbringmorebenefitsinthefuture,whichwecannotevenimaginenow.Spaceexplorationisachallengetohumanbeings.That'swhyseveralnationstryhardtocarryoutspaceexplorationcontinuously.◆高頻單詞1．system(n.)系統(tǒng)；體系；制度2．theory(n.)學說；理論→theoretical(adj.)理論上的3．globe(n.)球體；地球儀；地球→global(adj.)全球性的；全世界的4．violent(adj.)猛烈的；激烈的；強暴的→violence(n.)暴力→violently(adv.)猛烈地5．a(chǎn)tmosphere(n.)大氣層；氣氛6．unlike(prep.)與……不同；不像→like(反義詞)(prep.&v．)像；喜歡→dislike(v.&n．)不喜歡7．presence(n.)出席；到場；存在→present(adj.)出席的；到場的(vt.)呈遞；頒發(fā)；授予(n.)禮物8．harmful(adj.)有害的→harm(n.&vt.)損害；傷害9．reaction(n.)反應；回應→react(vi.)反應；回應10．exist(vi.)存在；生存→existence(n.)存在11．thus(adv.)因此；于是12．puzzle(vt.&vi.)(使)迷惑；(使)為難(n.)謎；難題→puzzled(adj.)迷惑不解的13．gentle(adj.)溫和的；文雅的→gently(adv.)溫和地；文雅地；溫柔地14．physicist(n.)物理學家→physical(adj.)物理的；身體的→physician(n.)醫(yī)師，(尤指)內(nèi)科醫(yī)生→physics(n.)物理學15．pull(n.&vt.)拉(力)；拖；牽引力16．float(vi.&vt.)(使)浮動；(使)漂浮(n.)漂浮物◆重點短語1．in_time及時；終于2．a(chǎn)s_well_as和；以及3．lay_eggs下蛋；產(chǎn)卵4．give_birth_to產(chǎn)生；分娩5．in_one's_turn輪到某人；接著6．prevent...from阻止；制止7．blockout擋住(光線)8．cheerup感到高興；感到振奮9．nowthat既然10．getthehangof熟悉；掌握；理解11．breakout突發(fā)；爆發(fā)12．watchoutfor密切注意；當心；提防◆熱點句型1.whether...ornot“是否……”Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastor_not(是否).(教材P25)2．makeit＋adj./n.forsb./sth.todosth.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmade_it_possible_for_life_to_develop(使生命發(fā)展成為可能).(教材P26)3．a(chǎn)s...as比較結構...,butitwillnotbeas_strongapullas(像……一樣強)theearth's.(教材P31)4．“倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.＋as”句型ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwice_as_far_as_on_the_earth(是地球上的兩倍遠)andfellover.(教材P31)5．nowthat引導的原因狀語從句...walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenow_that_(既然)gravityhaschanged.(教材P31)◆同步訓練在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1．Accordingtoawidely________(accept)theory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”________threwmatterinalldirections.答案：accepted;that/which2．________isevenmoreimportantisthat________theearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.答案：What;as3．Itwasnotimmediatelyobvious________waterwastobefundamental________thedevelopmentoflife.答案：that;to4．________manyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolve________(harm)gasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.答案：What;harmful5．Theyproducedyounggenerally________layingeggs.答案：by6．________aresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybeetoohot________(live)on.答案：As;tolive7．________lifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstoewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.答案：Whether8．LastmonthIwasluckyenough________(have)achance________(make)atripintospacewithmyfriend.答案：tohave;tomake9．Imightevengrow________(tall)ifIstayherelongenough.答案：taller10．Leavingthemoon'sgravity________(be)notaspainfulasleavingtheearth's.答案：was/is1existvi.存在；生存教材原句Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.(P26)它們也下蛋并在地球上生存了一億四千多萬年。(1)existon靠……生存/生活existin存在于……之中Thereexist(s)...某地有……；存在……(2)eintoexistence產(chǎn)生；成立；開始存在inexistence現(xiàn)存；存在(3)existingadj.現(xiàn)存的；目前的exist是不及物動詞，沒有被動語態(tài)，也不用于進行時。①Theycan'texist_onthemoneyhe'searning.他們靠他掙的那點錢無法維持生活。②Calciumexists_inmilkingreatamount.牛奶中鈣的含量很大。③There_existsagenerationgapbetweentheyoungandtheold.青年人和老年人之間存在著代溝。④Pakistancame_into_existenceasanindependentcountryafterthewar.巴基斯坦在戰(zhàn)后就以一個獨立國家存在了。2puzzlen．謎；難題vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)為難教材原句Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.(P27)地球上的生命是怎樣開始的，這是科學家們發(fā)現(xiàn)難以解決的最大的謎團之一。(1)beinapuzzle感到困惑；不知如何是好apuzzletosb.一件讓人感到困惑的事情puzzlesb.迷惑某人；使某人困惑puzzlesth.out琢磨出……的答案puzzleabout/over冥思苦想；苦苦思索(2)puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的puzzledadj.感到迷惑的bepuzzledabout對……迷惑不解puzzled意為“迷惑的；不解的”，往往用于指人或人的表情、臉色、聲音等；puzzling意為“令人迷惑的；讓人不解的”，往往指物。①Iam_in_a_puzzleastowhattodonext.對于下一步該做什么我不知道。②Wherethemissingplanehasgonestillremainsa_puzzle_tous.失聯(lián)飛機去了哪兒對我們來說仍是個謎。③Whatpuzzled_the_doctorsmostwasthattheycouldnotfindthecauseofthedisease.使醫(yī)生最困惑的是他們找不到致病的原因。④Hewastryingtopuzzle_outwhyhehadbeenbroughttothehouse.他想弄明白自己為何被帶到這所房子。⑤Thepuzzledlookonherfacesuggestedshewaspuzzling_over/aboutthepuzzlingmathsproblem.她臉上困惑的表情表明她正在思考令人困惑的數(shù)學問題。3pulln．&vt.拉(力)；拖；牽引力教材原句Astherocketroseintotheair,wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearth'sgravity.(P30)隨著火箭的升空，由于我們在努力掙脫地球的引力，我們被向后推在座位上。pullaway(車輛等)駛離；開走pullin(車輛等)進站；?？縫ulldown拆除；使受挫；使虛弱pulloff(匆忙地)脫下(衣物)；(成功地)完成；駛離pullon(匆忙地)穿上pullout拔出；駛出；擺脫(困難)pullthrough恢復健康；渡過難關pullup停車pulltogether(使)齊心協(xié)力①Thetrainpulled_inandallthepassengersgotoff.火車進站了，所有的乘客都下了車。②Theyare_pulling_downsomehousestomakeroomforanewhotel.他們正在拆除一些房子，目的是為了給新建旅館騰出地方。③Everyonewasveryconcernedaboutwhetherhewouldpull_throughornot.每個人都很關心他是否能痊愈。④Solongaswepull_togetherthere'snomountaintopwecan'tconquer.只要我們齊心協(xié)力，就沒有攀登不上的高峰。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Whatmakesme________(puzzle)iswhyheleftthecountrywithouttellinganyone.答案：puzzled此處用形容詞作賓補，表示“感到迷惑的；困惑的”，故填puzzled。2．Formaldehyde(甲醛)isusedinthebuildingmaterials,whichisas________(harm)achemicaltoourhealthasmelamine.答案：harmful根據(jù)“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.”結構及句意可知，空處應填形容詞harmful“有害的”。3．________existedacertaindoubtamongtheworkersastothenecessityofthework.答案：There根據(jù)“Thereexist＋名詞＋...”結構可確定答案。4．________(like)whatyousupposed,onlyfewpeopleattendedhisbirthdayparty,whichwasdisappointing.答案：Unlike結合句意可知，此處表述并不像(unlike)你所猜測的那樣，僅僅……，故填Unlike。5．Hefoundsomething________(float)onthelake,whichfrightenedhim.答案：floating此處為“find＋賓語＋賓補”結構。結合句意可知，something和float之間為主動關系，且表示“正漂浮著”，故填floating。6．Whenwewereinthemiddleofthelake,astrongwindcameallofasudden.Theboatwashit________(violence)．答案：violently此處應用副詞violently修飾動詞hit。Ⅱ.單句改錯1．JackturnedaroundintimetoseeBob'scarpullupandheaddowntheroad.___________________答案：up→away2．Themantookthelittleboygentleinhishandandputhimupontohisshoulders.___________________答案：gentle→gently3．Alicereadtheletterwithapuzzlingexpressiononherface.___________________答案：puzzling→puzzled4．Thetruthbelongstoeveryoneofyou,anddoesnotneedtobecrappedinreligionbelief.___________________答案：religion→religiousintime及時；終于；最終教材原句Theywereintimetoproducecarbondioxide,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,...(P25)它們最終產(chǎn)生了二氧化碳、氮氣、水蒸氣和其他氣體，……allthetime始終；一直atatime一次；每次atonetime曾經(jīng)；一度attimes有時；間或atthesametime與此同時；然而atnotime決不；從不innotime立刻；馬上ontime按時；準時forthetimebeing暫時takeone'stime別著急；慢慢來(1)intime后可接forsth./todosth.的形式，意為“做某事及時/來得及/正好趕上做某事”。(2)atnotime等含否定意義的詞組位于句首，句子要部分倒裝；innotime意為“立刻，馬上”，無否定意義，置于句首，不引起倒裝。①Wearrivedinthesummer,justin_timetoenjoythemidnightsun.我們是夏季到的，正好趕上欣賞子夜的太陽。②Ifyoukeepon,youwillsucceedin_time.如果堅持下去，總有一天你會成功的。③At_one_time,_Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn'tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreefromthem.我曾一度感覺父母不理解我，因此我希望能夠擺脫他們的束縛。④At_no_time_didIfeeltheywerebeingunreasonable.我從沒有覺得他們不講理。⑤We'llbetherein_no_time.我們馬上就到。inone'sturn輪到某人；接著教材原句Thustheyhave，intheirturn，beethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.P26于是，他們接著成為了這個行星上最重要的動物。inturn依次；輪流；逐個；相應地；轉而byturns輪流；交替taketurnsdoing/todosth.輪流做……It'sone'sturntodosth.輪到某人干某事turnouttobesth.結果是；原來是Itturns/turnedoutthat...結果是……①Whenitisin_my_turn,_Iamtooexcitedtospeak.當輪到我時，我激動地說不出話來。②Alltheoriesarefrompracticeandin_turnservepractice.所有的理論都來源于實踐，并轉而為實踐服務。③Theyoungparentshadtotake_turns_tolookaftertheirsickbaby.這對年輕的父母不得不輪流照看他們生病的孩子。④Ithinkit's_my_turn_todrivethekidstoschoolthisweek.我想這周該輪到我開車送孩子們上學了。⑤It_turned_out_thatIwaswrong.結果竟是我錯了。cheerup(使)高興；(使)振奮；感到高興；感到振奮教材原句Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbeesmallerandthemoonlarger.P31我立刻感到很高興，由于失重我在太空艙里飄來飄去，我望著身后的地球越來越小，而前方的月球越來越大。(1)cheersb.up使某人感到高興/振奮cheersb.on為……鼓氣/加油；向……喝彩(2)cheeringadj.能鼓舞人的；使人振作/高興的cheerfuladj.快樂的；高興的；興高采烈的cheerlessadj.陰冷的；陰暗的；陰郁的；令人不快樂的cheers(用于祝酒)干杯；再見①Ifyoufeeldepressed,cheer_up.Inthiscase,failureisgood.如果你感到沮喪，振作起來，在這種情況下，失敗是件好事。②WhenI'mfeelingsad,mymothertellsmefunnystoriestocheer_me_up.當我感到憂傷時，我的母親就給我講有趣的故事讓我高興起來。③Wedidourbesttocheer_him_onwhenhewasabouttogiveup.當他將要放棄時，我們盡力鼓勵他。④Inmyeyes,thestudentsarecheerfulandsmart.在我的眼中，學生們是快樂而且聰明的。⑤Cheers!Withourcoffeecupsforourfuture!以咖啡代酒，為我們的未來干杯吧?、?選詞填空nowthat；blockout；cheerup；taketurnsto；watchoutfor；intime1．________youhaveachance,youmightaswellmakefulluseofit.答案：Nowthat2．Doremember________carswhilecrossingthestreet.答案：towatchoutfor3．Blackcloudscannever________thesun.答案：blockout4．MrsGreenhadaheartattack.Butluckily,thedoctorcame________tosaveherlife.答案：intime5．Weusually________dosomecleaning,andtodayitismyturntodoit.答案：taketurnsto6．Jennywasill.SoIsenthersomeflowersto________.答案：cheerherupⅡ.完成句子1．Itwasmidnight________________________.當火災發(fā)生時，已經(jīng)是午夜了。答案：whenthefirebrokeout2．_____________________thegovernmentwilltakeeffectivemeasures.為了阻止類似事情再次發(fā)生，政府要采取有效措施。答案：Topreventsuchthingsfromhappeningagain3．Theactualresultofyouractions____________confidence.你行為的實際結果會產(chǎn)生出信心。答案：willgivebirthto4．IfeelthatI'mbeginningto________________happiness.我感覺我開始明白幸福的真諦了。答案：getthehangofThisproducedachainreaction,whichmade_it_possibleforlifeto_develop.(P26)這就產(chǎn)生了一個連鎖反應，使生命的發(fā)展成為可能。這是“makeit＋形容詞/名詞＋todosth.”句型。該句型中it為形式賓語，指代后面的不定式結構，形容詞或名詞為賓語補足語。(1)make＋it＋形容詞/名詞(＋forsb.)＋不定式/從句(2)make＋賓語＋賓語補足語eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(名詞或形容詞,不帶to的不定式,過去分詞,現(xiàn)在分詞,介詞短語))(3)find,feel,think,leave等動詞也有這樣的用法①Theywanttomake_it_cleartothepublicthattheydoanimportantandnecessaryjob.他們想讓公眾明白他們做的是重要和必要的工作。②Thefactthatshewasforeignmade_it_difficult_for_her_to_getajobinthatcountry.她是一個外國人的事實使得她在那個國家很難找到一份工作。ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.P31而當我試著向前邁步時，我發(fā)覺我被送出很遠，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。twiceasfaras...是一種倍數(shù)的表示方法，意為“是……的兩倍遠”。asfaras...“遠到……”。英語里常見的倍數(shù)表達法有：A＋動詞＋倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.原級＋asBA＋動詞＋倍數(shù)＋adj./adv.比較級＋thanBA＋動詞＋倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size/weight/length...)＋ofBA＋動詞＋倍數(shù)＋what從句，表示“A是……的多少倍”A＋動詞＋倍數(shù)＋that＋ofB①Theplaneflewten_times_as_high_asthekite.那架飛機的飛行高度是那只風箏的十倍。②Itisreportedthatanewplanethasbeendiscoveredrecently,whichisalmostthree_times_bigger_thanEarth.據(jù)報道，最近發(fā)現(xiàn)了一顆新行星，幾乎比地球大兩倍。③Beijingisten_times_the_size_ofmyhometown.北京是我家鄉(xiāng)的十倍大。④Theworld'spopulationhasgrowntomorethansix_times_whatitwasin1800.目前世界人口與1800年相比已經(jīng)增長到當時的六倍多。⑤IntheworkshoptheoutputofJulywas3.5timesthat_ofJanuary.這個車間七月份的產(chǎn)量是一月份的3.5倍。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Theteacherraisedhisvoicesothathecouldmakehimself________(hear)．答案：heard此處為“make＋賓語＋賓補”結構，其中的賓語himself是hear這一動作的承受者，故用過去分詞表被動。makehimselfheard“使別人聽清楚自己(的話)”。2．Myuncle'shouseinthedowntownareaismuchsmallerthanours,butitistwice________expensive.答案：as此處表述“貴兩倍”，因而用“倍數(shù)＋as＋adj.原級＋as...”結構。根據(jù)句式分析可以看出，句末省略了asours。3．Theschoolmakes________aruleforstudentstobeforbiddentobringmobilephonesintoclassroom.答案：it此處需用it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是句中的不定式短語。Ⅱ.完成句子1．Hishardwork________________forhimtosucceedinsuchashorttime.他的辛勤工作使他在如此短的時間內(nèi)獲得成功成為可能。答案：madeitpossible2．Globalwarmingisheatingtheplanet________________previouslyfeared.全球變暖對地球影響的速度是人們以前擔心的兩倍。答案：twiceasquicklyas主語從句主語從句用作主語的從句稱為主語從句(SubjectClause)。引導主語從句的連接詞主要有三類：(1)從屬連詞that,whether等；(2)連接代詞what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等；(3)連接副詞when,where,why,how等。①Thatshecouldetohelpusmadeusveryhappy.她能來幫我們使我們很高興。②WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasn'tbeendecided.英語晚會將在哪里舉行，還沒有決定下來。③Whateveryoudoinyoursparetimeshoulddonoharmtoothers.無論你在業(yè)余時間做什么都不應傷害他人。主語從句能用it作形式上的主語由于主語從句太長，為了避免頭重腳輕，常常用it作形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末。比較常見的句型有：(1)It＋be＋形容詞(important,likely,possible,clear等)＋主語從句；(2)It＋be＋名詞(fact,idea,mystery,pity,pleasure,wonder等)＋主語從句；(3)It＋be＋過去分詞(known,said,reported,suggested等)＋主語從句；(4)It＋特殊動詞(appear,seem,happen等)＋主語從句。④Itisobvioustothestudentsthattheyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.很顯然，學生們應該為自己的未來做好準備。⑤Itissuggestedthattheoldman(should)gotothecountrysidetohavearest.建議這位老人到鄉(xiāng)下去休養(yǎng)。⑥Ithappenedthatshewasoutwhenwecalled.我們打時她碰巧不在家。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Everyyear,________makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.答案：whoever由句子的謂語為willwin可判斷其前部分為主語從句。設空處引導主語從句且在從句中作主語，此處表泛指，意思是“無論誰”，相當于anyonewho。故填whoever。句意：每年，在風箏節(jié)上風箏做得最漂亮的人會贏得獎品。2．________weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.答案：How設空處所引導的主語從句中主、謂、賓語成分齊全，因此結合語義判斷缺少方式狀語，故填連接副詞how。句意：我們理解事物的方式與我們的感知有很大關系。3．Ithink________impressesmeabouthispaintingisthecolorsheuses.答案：what設空處引導的主語從句中缺少主語，且語義為“什么”，故填what。4．________theboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.答案：That設空處引導的主語從句中既不缺成分也不缺語義，故填that。5．Itislikely________babiesarenotbornknowingthisbasicfactoftheuniverse;noraretheyeverclearlytaughtit.答案：thatit為形式主語，that引導的從句為真正的主語。Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Whohashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthyofbeingpraised.___________________答案：Who→Whoever2．Insomecountries,thatiscalledequalitydoesnotreallymeanequalrightsforallpeople.___________________答案：that→what3．Itisreallyawonderheisstillaliveafterthecrash.___________________答案：he前加thatⅠ.閱讀理解ANASA'sNewHorizonsprobe(宇宙探測器)flewbyPluto(冥王星)thismorning,sendingbackhistory'sfirstup－closelooksatthevastfreezing－coldworld.Closestapproachcameat7：49amEDT.Tocelebrate,NASAgaveoutthelatestphotoofPluto.Itshowedareddishworldwithanamazingheart－shapedfeatureonitssurface.Aftertoday'scloseencounter,alltheninesolarsystem'straditionallyrecognizedplanetshavenowbeenvisitedbyaspaceship—ahugeprojectbegunin1962whenNASA'sMariner2probeflewpastVenus,aplanetinthesolarsystem.Morethan1,200scientists,NASAguestsandimportantpersons,including200reporters,watchedtheflybyliveatNewHorizons'missioncontrolcenter.Thatcloseencounterhasbeenalongtimeing.The$723millionNewHorizonsmissionlaunchedinJanuary2006butbegantakingshapein1989.“NewHorizonsis‘a(chǎn)capstonemission’，”GlenFountain,missionprojectmanagertoldSpace..“Itisthefirstpletionoftheobservationsofoursolarsystem.Itisgivingusanewideaabouthowwehumanbeingsfitintotheuniverse.”“NewHorizonsfacedacrazynumberofchallenges，”Stern,adrivingforcebehindNewHorizonssaid,“Somanypeoplestuckwiththisforsolong.Theygotknockeddown;theystoodup.Theygotknockeddownagain;theystoodupagain.”Inacoincidence,today'scloseapproachfallsonthe50thanniversaryofthefirstflybyofMars,anotherplanet,whichwaspletedbyNASA'sMariner4spaceship.Therearenolongernineofficiallyrecognizedplanets,ofcourse.TheInternationalAstronomicalUnionregardedPlutoas“adwarfplanet”in2006,inadecisionthatremainscontroversial(有爭議的)today.篇章導讀：本文是一篇新聞報道類文章，主要講述了科學家對太陽系行星冥王星的最新探測成果。1．WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．IdeasstillvaryintheidentityofPluto.B．Onlyscientistscouldwatchtheflybylive.C．Marsisthefirstplanetvisitedbyaspaceship.D．NewHorizonsmissionaimedtoobservethesolarsystem.答案：A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，科學家對冥王星的分類還是有爭議的。故答案是A。2．GlenFountainmayprobablyagreethat________.A．itisthemostdifficulttolandonPlutointhesolarsystemB．NewHorizonsmissionisalongandtroublesomeprojectC．theirstrongdeterminationleadstothesuccessfulflybyD．peoplearelikelytofindnewwaystofitintospace答案：D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，格倫·方丹認為人們或許會發(fā)現(xiàn)新的方法去探究太空。故答案是D。3．Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．ANewHorizonsProbeB．NASA'sHugeProjectC．Pluto,aControversialPlanetD．ACloseApproachtoPluto答案：D標題判斷題。文章主要講述了對太陽系行星冥王星的探測。故答案選D。BGotbigplansforFridaynight?That'sOK,wedon'teither.Guesswe'llallhavetomakedobywatchingthecelestial(天空的)showthatwilltakeplacethatnight.First,therewillbeafullmoon.That'salwaysfun,butthisonewillbealittlemorespecial.It'sknownasa“snowmoon”.ThenameesfromthefactthattheheaviestsnowsusuallyfallduringFebruary,accordingtoTheOldFarmer'sAlmanac.Butifthat'snotspecialenough,there'salsoaneclipse(月食)thatnight.It'llbeapenumbrallunareclipse,meaningit'sapartialeclipsethatleavessectionsofthemoondarkenedbytheearth'sshadow.No,itwon'tbeasspectacularasthose“bloodmoon”eclipses.It'llbesubtler.Thelevelofdarknessitreachesduringtheeclipsemayormaynotbeapparent;itjustdependsonwhereyouarewhenyouviewit.InNorthAmerica,theeclipsebeginsat5：34pmETandendsat9：53pmET,accordingtotheastronomywebsiteEarthSky.Theeclipsewillbeatitsheightaround7：44pmET.Ifthat'sstillnotenough,let'sthrowinaet(彗星)tothenight'sfestivities.et45P(ithasamuchlongername,butwewon'tburdenyouwithithere)isvisibleasitfliesbytheearth.Theetwillgetwithin7.4millionmilesoftheplanetasitmakesitsclosestapproachthisweekend,accordingtoUniverseToday.et45Pwillbemostvisibleacoupleofhoursaftertheeclipse,solooktotheskiesagainaround3amETSaturdayandfindthegreenish-bluelightwithatail.Anddon'tforget,atotalbig-timesolareclipsewillstreakacrosstheUnitedStatesonAugust21st.篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文，介紹了星期五晚上將會發(fā)生的天文現(xiàn)象。4．Accordingtothetext,whatcanbeviewedonFridaynight?A．Abloodmoon. B．Atotalsolareclipse.C．Apartiallunareclipse. D．Aetwithoutatail.答案：C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句可知，星期五晚上將會出現(xiàn)月偏食，故選C項。5．Ifyouwanttoseeet45P,youwillneedto________.A．waitaround7：44pmETB．stayupuntil9：53pmETC．wakeupbefore3：00amETD．startwatchingat5：34pmET答案：C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“solooktotheskiesagainaround3amETSaturday”可知，要想看到45P彗星，你需要在凌晨三點之前起床。6．Theauthorwritesthetextwiththepurposeof________.A．introducingbasicastronomytothemediaB．sharingnewdiscoverieswithastronomyresearchersC．promotingastronomicaleventsamongsciencestudentsD．informingaveragereadersofrecentcelestialphenomena答案：D推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了星期五晚上將會發(fā)生的幾個天文現(xiàn)象，因此作者的寫作目的是介紹這些現(xiàn)象給讀者。7．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．et45PwillbevisibleasitapproachestheearthB．ThepenumbrallunareclipsewillhappenonFridaynightC．SuggestionsoffunscientificexhibitionsfortheingweekendD．Theeclipse,fullmoonandetteamuptoputonashowonFridaynight答案：D標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了幾個天文現(xiàn)象并給出了每個天文現(xiàn)象的觀看時間，因此選D項。Ⅱ.七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。MasterYourDeadlinesThestrugglebeginsinhighschool,sometimesearlier.Deadlines,andlotsofthem,starttopileup.Atcollege,thepressuresometimesleadstolast-minuterushandunsatisfactorywork.Atwork,failingtomeetdeadlinescaneasilygetyoufired.__1__Hereareafewbestpractices.●Assigndeadlinestowhatmatters.Ifthetaskisn'tofhighimportance,don'tsetaspecificdeadline.Inthisway,youareabletokeepitonyourradarforawhilewithoutfeelingpressured.__2__Thiswillprovidejustenoughpressuretoensureyougetitdone.●__3__Setapersonaldeadlineforyourselfadayortwobeforetheactualdeadline.__4__Ifyou'reworkingwithagroupofpeople,addinevenmoretimetoaccountforpotentialfollow-upsandtheneedforapprovals.●Keepmunicating.__5__Thismeanslettingothersknowwhensomethingistakinglongerthanexpected,whenadeliverydidn'tein,whenaclientisnotprovidingthenecessaryinformation,etc.Althoughitmayfeelembarrassingtoadmitthatsomethingisnotonschedule,beinghonestismuchbetterforrelievingyourstress.A．Planforflexiblehours.B．Finishyourprojectasearlyaspossible.C．Butifanactivityisurgent,setadeadlineimmediately.D．Inthisway,you'llneverhavetostayuplateandfeelstressed.E．Buthandledproperly,deadlinescanactuallyimproveproductivity.F．Wheneveryoufeelchallengedtofinishworkontime,municate.G．Soifanythingtakeslongerthanexpected,youcanstillwrapitupandsubmititontime.篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了三個按時完成任務的方法。1．E設空處前幾句敘述了不能按最后期限完成任務會造成的不良后果。E項“但是處理得當?shù)脑?，最后期限實際上能提高生產(chǎn)效率”與前面形成對比，用來引入本文的話題，起承上啟下的作用。故選E。2．C設空前一句表述次要工作不必設定最后期限，空格下一句是說這樣做的話你就會有足夠的壓力來確保完成工作。由此可知，空格處介紹的是如何安排重要的、緊急的事務。C項“但如果這件事很緊急，就立刻設置最后期限”符合語境。故選C。3．A根據(jù)空格所在的位置可知，空處為該段的標題。該段主要論述如何靈活地安排時間。A項“靈活安排工作時間”概括了該段主旨，適合作標題。故選A。4．G根據(jù)空格上句“Setapersonaldeadlineforyourselfadayortwobeforetheactualdeadline.”可知，要把自己的最后期限設在實際最后期限的前一兩天。由此可以判斷，G項“所以如果實際花費時間超出預期時間，你仍然可以按時完成并遞交工作”與上一句之間為因果關系，符合語境。故選G。5．FF項中的“municate”與該段標題“Keepmunicating.”相對應，符合該段主題，當你無法按時完成任務時，應當和別人溝通交流。故選F。Ⅲ.語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ResearchersfromtheUniversityofMichiganhavefoundthatastronauts'brainschangeshapeduringspaceflight.Itisthefirststudy__1__(look)intohowthebrainchangesinspace.Researcherslookedathigh-techMRI(磁共振成像)picturesofthebrainsof26astronautswhospenttimeinspace.Twelveofthe__2__(astronaut)spenttwoweeksontheSpaceShuttle,and14spentsixmonthsontheInternationalSpaceStation.Allofthem__