2024年中考英語二輪復習 專題一 名詞

中考英語二輪復習專題一名詞目錄01.考點分析02.模擬考題01考點分析考點1

名詞的數可數名詞1.可數名詞有單復數之分,單數可數名詞不能單獨使用，其前需要加不定冠詞a/an，定冠詞the,指示代詞this/that,形容詞性物主代詞或者名詞所有格等。如:a

book、

the

university、this

apple、

his

computer、

Maria's

eraser。2.可數名詞復數形式的構成規(guī)則規(guī)則例詞一般情況下名詞后直接加-smap→maps地圖doctor→doctors醫(yī)生以-s,-x,-ch,-sh結尾的名詞后一般加-esbus→buses公共汽車box→boxes盒子watch→watches手表brush→brushes刷子規(guī)則例詞以"輔音字母+-y"結尾的名詞，變-y為-i再加-es；以"元音字母+-y"結尾的名詞，直接加-sbaby→babies嬰兒study→studies書房boy→boys男孩day→days天key→keys鑰匙續(xù)表規(guī)則例詞以-f或-fe結尾的名詞，一般變-f或-fe為-v，再加-esleaf→leaves葉子life→lives生活knife→knives刀wife→wives妻子續(xù)表規(guī)則例詞以-o結尾的名詞,有些加-es，有些加-stomato→tomatoes番茄potato→potatoes土豆hero→heroes英雄photo→photos照片zoo→zoos動物園續(xù)表3.可數名詞的不規(guī)則復數形式類型例詞單復數同形sheep羊

fish魚Chinese中國人Japanese日本人類型例詞單復數不同形woman→women女人foot→feet腳man→men男人mouse→mice老鼠tooth→teeth牙齒child→children孩子續(xù)表（1）以-s結尾的詞不一定都是可數名詞的復數形式。不可數名詞：maths數學

physics物理學news新聞專有名詞：the

United

States美利堅合眾國（2）不一樣的"德國人"。可數名詞：German（單數）→Germans（復數）

德國人不可數名詞：German德語不可數名詞

考點2

名詞所有格of所有格的用法1.of所有格主要用于表示無生命事物的名詞，其結構為"of+名詞"。如：a

map

of

China中國地圖

the

use

of

water水的使用

the

color

of

the

sky天空的顏色2.有時,of所有格可以與-'s所有格互換，如:the

school's

rules=the

rules

of

the

school學校規(guī)章-'s所有格的用法類型構成方法示例單數名詞一般在詞尾加-'sJack's

room杰克的房間yesterday's

news昨天的新聞以-s結尾的專有名詞加-'s或-'James's/James'

book詹姆斯的書復數名詞以-s結尾的加-'ten

minutes'

ride十分鐘的路程three

years'

hard

work三年的努力工作不以-s結尾的加-'schildren's

books兒童書籍women's

clothes女裝（1）表示兩人或多人共有時，只在最后一個名詞后加-'s;表示幾個并列名詞各自所有時，須在每個名詞后加-'s。如：Paul

and

Mark's

mother

保羅和馬克的媽媽（兩人有同一個媽媽）；Paul's

and

Mark's

mothers保羅的媽媽和馬克的媽媽（各自有自己的媽媽）。（2）表示店鋪、公司、學校、醫(yī)院或某人的家時，所有格后的名詞常省略，如：I

went

to

Peter's

last

Sunday,

but

he

was

at

his

uncle's.

我上周日去了彼得家，但他在他叔叔家。I

think

Sandy

is

at

the

doctor's.我想桑迪是去看病了。雙重所有格的用法構成方法示例of+-'s所有格a

friend

of

my

father's我父親的一個朋友of+名詞性物主代詞this

dictionary

of

hers她的這部字典that

report

of

yours你的那篇報告★用所給名詞的適當形式填空用所給名詞的適當形式填空主要在詞語運用中考查，例如可數名詞單數變復數、名詞變形容詞等。解答此類試題時，需要分析句子成分，根據設空前后的詞、語義關系以及所給詞的特點來確定要填哪種形式。?填復數1.判斷方法（1）上下文語境及所給詞特點［2022.76;2021.77］。（2）固定用法："one

of

the+形容詞最高級+可數名詞復數"；"many

other+可數名詞復數"。如：Music

is

not

only

enjoyable,

but

also

good

for

us

in

many

other

ways

（way）.（3）"some/several/many/these/those/few/a

few/all+可數名詞復數"［2023.76;2020.75;

2019.78］。如：some

students

（student）；a

few

minutes

（minute）。（4）"大于1的基數詞+可數名詞復數"。如：two

hours

（hour）。（5）"可數名詞復數+and/or+可數名詞復數"。如：boys

and

girls

（girl）。（6）"a

pair

of/a

set

of/all

kinds

of+可數名詞復數"。如：a

pair

of

gloves

（glove）。2.變形規(guī)律可數名詞復數變化規(guī)則見考點1名詞的數。?填形容詞1.判斷方法（1）"形容詞+名詞"。如：the

lucky

（luck）

winner。（2）"be動詞/系動詞+形容詞"。如：The

letter

seems

important

（importance）.（3）"形容詞+and/or+形容詞"。如：He's

feeling

strong

and

healthy

（health）.2.變形規(guī)律（1）名詞+-yluck→①______

health→②________rain→③______

snow→④_______wind→⑤_______

cloud→⑥_______luckyhealthyrainysnowywindycloudysleepysunnynoisysleep→⑦_______注意：sun→⑧_______

noise→⑨______（2）名詞+-ful/lesscolor→⑩________________

pain→?_______________peace→?_________

success→?__________thank→?__________________

wonder→?___________home→?_________

care→?_______________use→?_____________

help→?_______________harm→?_________________

hope→?________________colorful/colorlesspainful/painlesspeacefulsuccessfulthankful/thanklesswonderfulhomelesscareful/carelessuseful/uselesshelpful/helplessharmful/harmlesshopeful/hopelessmeaningful/meaninglessmeaning→?______________________（3）名詞+-lylove→?_______

friend→?_________week→?________注意：day→?______lovelyfriendlyweeklydaily（4）名詞+-ousdanger→?___________

humor→?__________dangeroushumorous（5）名詞+-almusic→?________

nation→?_________person→?_________

tradition→?___________musicalnationalpersonaltraditionaleducationalnaturalmedicaleducation→?____________注意：nature→?________

medicine→?________（6）以-ence/-ance結尾的名詞，變-ence/-ance為-ent/-antsilence→?______

patience→?________absence→?_______

difference→?_________silentpatientabsentdifferentimportantimportance→?__________?填名詞1.判斷方法（1）"冠詞（a/an/the）+名詞"。如：My

brother

is

an

artist

（art）.（2）"形容詞性物主代詞/形容詞+名詞"。如：She

is

a

famous

scientist

（science）.（3）"名詞+謂語動詞"。如：The

musician

（music）

smiled

when

he

saw

the

little

boy.2.變形規(guī)律（1）名詞+-istart→?______

violin→?_________tour→?_______注意：piano→?________science→?_________artistviolinisttouristpianistscientist（2）名詞+-ianmusic→?_________

magic→?__________musicianmagician02模擬考題語境小測1.[2023牡丹江中考改編]

Although

our

school

life

is

a

little

busy,

it

is

full

of

___.CA.pain

B.sadness

C.laughter

D.failure2.[2023青島中考]

Before

flying

a

plane,

a

___

must

take

a

lot

of

training.DA.policeman

B.musician

C.nurse

D.pilot3.[2023東營中考]

—What

goes

up,

but

never

comes

down?—Your

___,

of

course.AA.age

B.wealth

C.weight

D.temperature4.[2023長春中考]

John

Smith

often

looks

through

the

news

about

___

to

know

what's

on

in

the

cinema.AA.films

B.music

C.books

D.weather5.[2023徐州中考]

Of

all

the

___,

I

love

summer

best.AA.seasons

B.subjects

C.colours

D.hobbies語篇提升

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入所給單詞的正確形式。使短文通順、意思完整。

London

Zoo

is

one

of

the

top

attractions（景點）

in

Britain

and

it

is

the

1.________（world）

oldest

scientific

zoo.

It

was

built

about

two

hundred

2.______（year）

ago.world'syears

The

zoo

can

be

found

in

the

heart

of

London.

Though

it

lies

in

the

middle

of

the

city,

the

zoo

still

has

a

large

3._________（number）

of

animals

to

see,

including

lions,

giraffes,

tigers,

4._________（monkey）

and

so

on.

In

fact,

there

are

over

750

different

groups,

making

it

one

of

the

largest

collections

of

animals

in

the

UK.

The

zoo

is

divided

into

many

5._________（difference）

areas,

such

as

Lions

and

Tigers,

where

you

can

get

very

close

to

a

fam