Unit+1+Science+Fiction 高中英語人教版（2019）選擇性必修第四冊

Unit1ScienceFiction

課時練習作業(yè)(二)

閱讀（難度：簡單）

Winningaremarkablescienceawardisreallyabigdeal,especiallyifyouare12yearsold.ButShanyaGill,amiddleschoolerfromSanJose,California,wonthetopawardintheThermoFisherScientificJuniorInnovatorsChallengefordesigningafiredetectionsystemthatissuperiortoexistingones,asstatedinthepressrelease.

“Thetopwinnershaveexhibitedboundlesscuriosity,”MayaAjmerapresidentandCEOofSocietyforScience,saidinthepressrelease.“Theirremarkableresearchnotonlyreflectstheirtalentbutalsopavesthewayforanexcitingnewfuture.”

Shanya’sinspirationcameafterafiredestroyedarestaurantinherneighborhoodduringthesummerof2022,reportedTheWashingtonPost.“Ihadneverreallyexperiencedsomethinglikethatbefore,”shetoldTheWashingtonPostabouttheearlymorningfireatHolder’sCountryInn,whichstartedinthekitchen.“Theyhadsmokedetectors,andyetitstillburneddown,”sheadded.

Aftershestudiedfirestatistics,Shayaspentoverayeardevelopingafiredetectionsystemthatshebelievescouldhavepreventedthefire.Unliketraditionalsmokedetectorsthatsenseactivefiresfromthesmokeintheair,Shanya’sthermal(熱的)imagingdeviceisdesignedtostopfiresfromoccurring.

Withathermalcameraandatinycomputer,thedevicedetectswhenaheatsourcehasbeenleftunattendedfortenminutesandsendsatextmessagewarning.Shanyawantstobringthecostsdowntomakeitevenmorecommonthanhardwiredsmokedetectors.

“Shanyasawaproblem,wentafteritandtriedtosolveit,andthat’swhatweneedtoencouragewithallyoungpeople,”saidAjmera.Shealsohighlightedthesignificanceofsupportingindividuals,especiallygirlsandkidsofcolor,inSTEMfields.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutShanyafromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Shegainedalotofmoneyintheaward.B.Sheshowedacuriousnatureasaschooler.C.Shesetabigstageforyoungpeopleherage.D.Shewasjuniortootherwinnersinperformance.B

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段““Thetopwinnershaveexhibitedboundlesscuriosity,”MayaAjmerapresidentandCEOofSocietyforScience,saidinthepressrelease.(科學學會主席兼首席執(zhí)行官瑪雅·阿杰梅拉在新聞發(fā)布會上說：“頂級獲獎者表現(xiàn)出了無限的好奇心。”)”可知，Shanya表現(xiàn)出學者好奇的天性。故選B。2.WhatmotivatedShanyatodevelopherfiredetectionsystem?A.Herdesiretowinthescienceaward.B.HerexperienceofadestructivefireC.Herinterestincomputerprogramming.D.HergoaltoimproveSTEMeducationforgirls.B

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Shanya’sinspirationcameafterafiredestroyedarestaurantinherneighborhoodduringthesummerof2022,reportedTheWashingtonPost.(據(jù)《華盛頓郵報》報道，Shanya的靈感來自于2022年夏天一場大火燒毀了她家附近的一家餐館)”可知，經(jīng)歷了一場毀滅性的火災促使Shanya開發(fā)她的火災探測系統(tǒng)。故選B。3.WhatisanadvantageofShanya’sinvention?A.Itcansendoutawarningagainstapotentialfire.B.Itconsistsoftwopartsthatareeasiertoconduct.C.Itcandetectactivefiresfromthesmokeintheair.D.Itfunctionswhenafirebreaksoutwithin10minutes.A

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Withathermalcameraandatinycomputer,thedevicedetectswhenaheatsourcehasbeenleftunattendedfortenminutesandsendsatextmessagewarning.(該設備配備了一個熱像儀和一臺微型電腦，當熱源無人看管超過10分鐘時，它就會檢測到，并發(fā)出短信警告。)”可知，Shanya的發(fā)明優(yōu)點在于可以發(fā)出潛在火災的警告。故選A。

七選五（難度：較易）

Fromthedawnofcivilization,paperrecordshavebeenamethodofkeepingtrackofimportantandnecessarydocumentation.Acommonexperiencethroughouttheworld'srecordkeepinghasbeenthenecessitytoensurethatalldocumentsarekepttogether,andnonearelost.

1Theseincludedtyingribbonsthroughthepaper,andmeltingwaxtosecurethepapersinplace.Fornearly600years,thesewerethemethodsusedtosecurepapers.

2

In1835,amachinethatcouldmass-producestraightpinswasinventedbyHoweJ.L.,anAmericaninventor.Althoughstraightpins（大頭針）wereoriginallydesignedforsewingandtailoring,peoplebeganusingthemasaquickandeasywaytosecurepapers.

3

In1899hepatentedthedevice,whichconsistedofawirebentintoaparticularlyshapedhoopforthepurposeofsecuringpapers.

Duringthistime,however,thepaperclip（回形針）wasnotawidelydistributeddevice.Therefore,theGemManufacturingCompanyofEnglanddevelopedamachinetomanufactureandstandardizethepaperclipdesign.

4

Todaythepaperclipisafamousinventionusedthroughoutoffices,schoolrooms,andbusinessthroughouttheworld.

5

A．Thenextpaperinventionwasthatofthestraightpin.B．Beforethepaperclip,peoplehadtobecreativetokeeppapertogether.C．Thehumbleitemonlycameintopopularusagearoundthemid-19thcentury.D．Later,inspiredbythestraightpin,NorwegianVaalerJ.cameupwiththeideaofthefirstpaperclip.E．Thismanufacturingdevelopmentallowedfortheexpansionofthemodernpaperclipworldwide.F．Beingawonderofsimplicityandfunction,thepaperclipremainsastandardofficesupplythroughouttheworld.G．Therefore,fromtheearly13thcenturypeoplehadcreatedvariousmethodstoensuredocumentswerekepttogether.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了回形針的發(fā)明，它對有文件都保存在一起起到了重要的作用。1.G

根據(jù)下文“Theseincludedtyingribbonsthroughthepaper,andmeltingwaxtosecurethepapersinplace.Fornearly600years,thesewerethemethodsusedtosecurepapers.”（這些方法包括在紙上系絲帶，融化蠟油以固定紙張。近600年來，這些都是用來確保文件安全的方法。）可知，選項承接下文說明各種方法來確保文件保存在一起。下文是對選項的具體說明。故G選項“因此，從13世紀早期開始，人們創(chuàng)造了各種方法來確保文件保存在一起”切題。故選G項。2.A

根據(jù)下文“In1835,amachinethatcouldmass-producestraightpinswasinventedbyHoweJ.L.,anAmericaninventor.”（1835年，美國發(fā)明家HoweJ.L.發(fā)明了一種可以大量生產(chǎn)大頭針的機器）可知，選項承接下文說明大頭針的發(fā)明。故A選項“下一個紙質(zhì)發(fā)明是大頭針”切題。故選A項。3.D

根據(jù)下文“In1899hepatentedthedevice,whichconsistedofawi