河北省承德市2023-2024學年高二下學期3月階段性測試聯(lián)考英語試卷（含答案解析）

承德市2025屆高二年級3月階段性測試英語本試卷共8頁，滿分150分，考試用時120分鐘。注意事項：1.本試卷由四個部分組成，其中，第一、二部分和第三部分的第一節(jié)為選擇題，第三部分的第二節(jié)和第四部分為非選擇題。2.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。3.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。4.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandotonight?A.Doherwork.B.Seeafilm.C.Datewiththeman.2.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?AAtabank.B.Onthestreet.C.Atahotel.3.Whatcanwelearnabouttheman?A.HelikeswatchingTV.B.HethinkswelloftheInternet.C.HeisgoingtobuyaTV.4.Whenisthewomangoingtoattendherswimminglessonthisafternoon?A.At4:30.B.At5:15.C.At4:45.5.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Hehasfoundanotherjob.B.Heisquiteconfidentofhimself.C.Heisupsetaboutlosinghisjob.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatupsetsthewoman?A.Toomanypeopleattheriver.B.Thetrashontheriverbank.C.Theheavilypollutedriver.7.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?A.Pickupthetrash.B.Stoppeoplelittering.C.Holdaswimmingcontest.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatcanweknowaboutthewriter?A.Hewasborndisabled.B.Helikestogosightseeing.C.Hehaswrittenmanybooks.9.Howdothespeakersfeelaboutthewriter?A.Sympathetic.B.Inspired.C.Amused.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Howdoesthemanwanttolearnwriting?A.Self-teaching.B.Studyinginaclassroom.C.TakingacourseontheInternet.11.Whydoesthemanwanttotakewritingcourses?A.Tomakemoremoney.B.Toenjoythefunofwriting.C.Tobecomeaprofessionalwriter.12.Whatbrochurewillthemanreceive?A.Creativewriting.B.Fictionwriting.C.Businesswriting.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whywasthewomanabsentfromtheparty?A.ShevisitedLily.B.Shewasstudyingforthefinal.C.Shedidn’tlikesocialactivities.14.Whenwillthefinalbe?A.Aboutaweeklater.B.Abouttwoweekslater.C.Aboutamonthlater.15.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthecomingfinal?AConfident.B.Worried.C.Unconcerned.16.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Stayupstudying.B.Takenotesinclass.C.AskLilyforhelp.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhatisWSPlookingfor?A.Projectorganizers.B.Volunteers.C.Projectdesigners.18.WhatistheJapanproject?A.Short-term.B.Medium-term.C.Long-term.19.WhatwillyoudoifyoutakepartinthePolandproject?A.Playwiththechildren.B.Takecareofthechildren.C.Improvethechildren’sholidaycenter.20.WhatistheIndiaprojectfor?A.Poorchildren.B.Homelesschildren.C.Childrenwithdisabilities.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AInnovativeDesignsforAccessibilityDeadline:2020-04-30Award:$7,500CADOpento:UniversitystudentsTheInnovative(創(chuàng)新的)DesignsforAccessibilitystudentcompetitionchallengesstudentsacrossCanadatousetheircreativitytodevelopinnovative,cost-effectiveandpracticalsolutionstoaccessibilitybarriersforpeoplewithdisabilities.(Readmore)CleanTechCompetitionDeadline:2020-04-13Award:$28,000Opento:Students13-15yearsoldTheCleanTechCompetitionisaunique,worldwideresearchanddesignchallengeforpre-collegeyouth.ThecompetitionisdesignedtobuildadeeperunderstandingofSTEM(science,technology,engineering,andmath)relatedconcepts,recognizeoutstandingtalent,andpreparethenextgenerationofgloballycompetitiveinnovators.(Readmore)AgileRoboticsCompetitionDeadline:2020-04-10Award:$17,500Opento:AdultsAgileRoboticsCompetitionisasimulation-based(仿真)competitiondesignedtopromoteagility(靈活)inindustrialrobotsystemsbyemployingthelatestadvancesinartificialintelligenceandrobotplanning.Thecompetitionwillbeheldvirtually(虛擬的),sothereisnoneedtotraveltocompete.ThecompetitionwillusetheGazebosimulationtool.(Readmore)WearableRoboticsInnovationChallengeDeadline:2020-04-24Award:$5,000Opento:EveryoneTheWearableRoboticsAssociationisinvitingentriesthatrepresentthemostinnovativenewideasinwearablerobotictechnology.Thereviewcommitteewillselectasmanyastenfinalists.Theoneconsideredtobethemostinnovativewillbeannouncedattheconferenceandwillreceive$5,000toacceleratethenewtechnology.(Readmore)1Whichcompetitionfavorscompetitorswithacreativemindinhelpingthedisabled?A.InnovativeDesignsforAccessibility. B.CleanTechCompetition.C.AgileRoboticsCompetition. D.WearableRoboticsInnovationChallenge.2.What’stheaimofCleanTechCompetition?A.TomakearesearchaboutSTEM.B.Toencourageuniversitystudentstobeinnovators.C.Tohelpstudentspreparefortheuniversity.D.Tofindtalentedteenagersanddeveloptheirabilitytoinnovate.3.Whatcanweknowaboutthefourcompetitions?A.Theyareopentoeveryone. B.Everycompetitorcangetanaward.C.TheyareheldinApril. D.Theyareheldvirtually.【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四種比賽，說明了四個比賽各自的截止日期、獎項和針對對象等情況。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)InnovativeDesignsforAccessibility部分中TheInnovative(創(chuàng)新的)DesignsforAccessibilitystudentcompetitionchallengesstudentsacrossCanadatousetheircreativitytodevelopinnovative,cost-effectiveandpracticalsolutionstoaccessibilitybarriersforpeoplewithdisabilities.(Readmore)可知“無障礙學生創(chuàng)新設(shè)計大賽”向加拿大各地的學生提出挑戰(zhàn)，讓他們發(fā)揮自己的創(chuàng)造力，為殘疾人開發(fā)創(chuàng)新的、符合成本效益的和實用的解決方案。由此可知，在幫助殘疾人方面，InnovativeDesignsforAccessibility更喜歡有創(chuàng)造性思維的選手。故選A。【2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CleanTechCompetition部分中ThecompetitionisdesignedtobuildadeeperunderstandingofSTEM(science,technology,engineering,andmath)relatedconcepts,recognizeoutstandingtalent,andpreparethenextgenerationofgloballycompetitiveinnovators.可知比賽旨在建立對STEM（科學、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學）相關(guān)概念的深入理解，找到優(yōu)秀人才，培養(yǎng)下一代具有全球競爭力的創(chuàng)新人才。由此可知，CleanTechCompetition的目的是尋找有才華的青少年，培養(yǎng)他們的創(chuàng)新能力。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)InnovativeDesignsforAccessibility部分中Deadline:2020-04-30可知截止日期為2020年4月30；CleanTechCompetition部分中Deadline:2020-04-13可知截止日期為2020年4月13日；AgileRoboticsCompetition部分中Deadline:2020-04-10可知截止日期為2020年4月10日；WearableRoboticsInnovationChallenge部分中Deadline:2020-04-24截止日期為2020年4月21日。由此可知，這四場比賽都是在四月舉行。故選C。BIstherealinkbetweensocialmediaanddepression?DoFacebookandInstagramhaveanegativeimpactonyourmentalhealth?It’scomplicated.Sometimes,lookingthroughInstagramjustmakesyoufeelbad.Youtrynottoenvyyourfriends,buttheyalwaysseemtobetravelingsomewherecool,eatingsomethingfancy,orlookingcuteinperfectjust-rolled-out-of-bedhair.Ontheotherhand,therearetimeswhenyoulaughatfunnymemes(表情包),catchupwitholdfriends,andfeelhappytobelongtofunsocialmediacommunities.Clearly,socialmediaisn’tallbad.Peopleareincreasinglysuspectingthatthere’repotentialproblemsofsocialmedia.Thingslikecyberbullying(網(wǎng)上欺凌),screenaddiction,andbeingexposedtoendlessfilteredimages(美顏)thatmakeitimpossiblenottomakecomparisonsbetweenyourselfandothersoftenmakethenews.InJuly,abigstudycameoutinthejournalJAMAtitled“AssociationofScreenTimeandDepressioninAdolescence.”Thisbigheadlineseemstoconfirmwhatalotofpeoplehavebeensaying—screentimeishorribleforyoungpeople.Thestudyfollowedover3,800adolescentsoverfouryearsaspartofadrugandalcoholpreventionprogram.Partofwhattheinvestigatorsmeasuredwastheteens’amountofscreentime,includingtimespentonsocialmedia,aswellastheirlevelsofdepressionsymptoms.Oneoftheirmainfindingswasthathigheramountsofsocialmediausewereassociatedwithhigherlevelsofdepression.Thatwastruebothwhentheresearchescomparedbetweenpeopleandcomparedeachpersonagainsttheirownmentalhealthovertime.Caseclosed?Notsofast.Beforeweendthedebateonceandforall,let’stakeacloserlookatthisandotherstudies.Let’saskourselves:whatexactlyistherelationshipbetweensocialmediauseanddepression?Itturnsoutthereareseveralwarnings.4.WhydopeoplesometimesfeelbadwhenlookingthroughInstagram?A.Theylackcontactwitholdfriends. B.Theycantravelnowhere.C.Theydon’tlookperfect. D.Theyfeelunbalanced.5.WhyisthearticleinjournalJAMAmentioned?A.Tocomment. B.Toprove. C.Tosuggest. D.Toexplore.6.Whichmayagreewiththefindingsofthestudy?A.Depressionisrelatedtosocialmediause.B.Teens’amountofscreentimeislimited.C.Itisnoteasytotellreasonsfordepression.D.Socialmediacontributestophysicalhealth.7.What’sthebesttitleofthetext?A.Howtoreducedepression? B.Doessocialmediacausedepression?C.Shallpeoplereducescreentime? D.Whyisittimetogiveupsocialmedia?【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。本文主要講述了關(guān)于青少年使用社交媒體與其抑郁癥之間因果關(guān)系的一些研究調(diào)查，強調(diào)了其間因果關(guān)系的復(fù)雜性。【4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Sometimes,lookingthroughInstagramjustmakesyoufeelbad.Youtrynottoenvyyourfriends,buttheyalwaysseemtobetravelingsomewherecool,eatingsomethingfancy,orlookingcuteinperfectjust-rolled-out-of-bedhair.(有時候，瀏覽社交平臺會讓你感覺很糟糕。你盡量不嫉妒你的朋友，但他們似乎總是去一個很酷的地方旅行，吃一些很好吃的東西，或者擁有剛剛卷起來的完美發(fā)型看起來很可愛。)”可知，瀏覽社交網(wǎng)站看到朋友的令人羨慕的內(nèi)容，會使自己感到心理不平衡而心情糟糕。故選D項。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“InJuly,abigstudycameoutinthejournalJAMAtitled“AssociationofScreenTimeandDepressioninAdolescence.”Thisbigheadlineseemstoconfirmwhatalotofpeoplehavebeensaying—screentimeishorribleforyoungpeople.(今年7月，《美國醫(yī)學會雜志》(JAMA)發(fā)表了一項名為《屏幕時間與青春期抑郁的關(guān)系》的大型研究。這個大標題似乎證實了很多人一直在說的——屏幕時間對年輕人來說是可怕的。)”可知，該文章證實了屏幕時間對年輕人來說是可怕的，從而支持了本段論點：“Peopleareincreasinglysuspectthatthere’rethepotentialproblemsofsocialmedia.(人們越來越懷疑社交媒體的潛在問題)”，故推知，提及《美國醫(yī)學會雜志》的這篇文章是為了證明論點。故選B項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Oneoftheirmainfindingswasthathigheramountsofsocialmediausewereassociatedwithhigherlevelsofdepression.(他們的主要發(fā)現(xiàn)之一是，社交媒體使用時間越長，抑郁程度越高。)”可知，抑郁癥與社交媒體的使用有關(guān)。故選A項?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Istherealinkbetweensocialmediaanddepression?DoFacebookandInstagramhaveanegativeimpactonyourmentalhealth?It’scomplicated.(社交媒體和抑郁癥之間有聯(lián)系嗎？Facebook和Instagram對你的心理健康有負面影響嗎？它是復(fù)雜的。)”以及全文可知，本文主要討論了關(guān)于青少年使用社交媒體與其抑郁癥之間因果關(guān)系的一些研究調(diào)查，強調(diào)了其間因果關(guān)系的復(fù)雜性。B項“社交媒體會導(dǎo)致抑郁癥嗎？”貼合主旨要義，為最佳標題。故選B項。CAccordingtoarecentstudy,anewgeneticallymodified(轉(zhuǎn)基因的）ricecanpreventinfectionsofHIV,thevirusresponsibleforthediseaseAIDS.Thestudyreportsthenewly-developedriceproducesproteins(蛋白質(zhì)）thatattachdirectlytotheHIVvirus.Thisprocesskeepsthevirusfrommixingwithhumancells.Thescientistssayitcanremovetheeffectofthevirusandblockitsspreading.TheJointUnitedNationsProgramonHIV/AIDSreportsthatworldwide,nearly37millionpeoplewerelivingwithHIVin2017.Theorganizationsaysthelargestnumberofthosearein·developingcountries.Nearlytwo-thirdsofHIVcasesareinAfrica.NowthereisnocureforHIV/AIDSthoughtherehavebeendevelopmentsinoraldrugtreatmentstoslowtheprogressionofthedisease.Thenewstudypredictstherice-basedmethodwillleadtolong-termuseoftheanti-HIVtreatmentacrossthedevelopingworld.Researcherssaidthe"groundbreaking"discoveryis“realisticallytheonlyway"thatanti-HIVcombinationtreatmentscanbeproducedatacostlowenoughforthedevelopingworld.Theysaytheeasiestandmostcost-effectivewaytousethericewillbetomakeitintoacreamtobeputontheskin.TheHIV-fightingproteinscanthenenterthebodythroughtheskin.Peopleallovertheworldcouldgrowthericeandmakethecreamthemselves.Thiswouldpreventthecostandtravelrequiredformanypatientstoreceivetreatmentsandmedicine.Theprocessofchangingthegeneticstructureoffoodcropshasbeendebatedforsometime.Criticsofgeneticallyengineeredcropsbelievetheycanharmpeople.Thescientificteamsaysfurthertestingisneededtoensurethatthegeneticengineeringprocessdoesnotproduceanyadditionalchemicalsthatcouldbedangeroustopeople.8.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.TheterriblesituationsofHIVinfections.B.TherapiddevelopmentofAfrica.C.ThepracticalwaystocureAIDS.D.TheeffortsmadebytheUnitedNations.9.Inwhichwaywillthericebeusedatthelowestcost?A.Bytransformingitintoproteins.B.Byprocessingitintoacream.C.ByattachingittotheHIVvirus.D.Byaddingittoanoraldrug.10.Whatcanweinferaboutthegeneticengineeringprocess?A.ItcanpreventinfectionsofHIV.B.Ithasproduceddangerouschemicals.C.Itisintendedforthedevelopedworld.D.Itrequiresfurthertestingtoensurethesafety.11.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Abiologytextbook.B.Afirstaidbrochure.C.Asocialwebpage.D.Ahealthmagazine.【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.D【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了最新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種轉(zhuǎn)基因大米，可以防止HIV病毒的感染。【8題詳解】主旨大意題。文章第3段中提到“…worldwide,nearly37millionpeoplewerelivingwithHIVin2017.…NowthereisnocureforHIV/AIDS…”，全球HIV感染人數(shù)達到近3700萬人，而且目前還沒有治愈艾滋病毒的方法。由此可以推斷，本段說明了在全球HIV病毒感染的嚴峻現(xiàn)狀。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第5段中“Theysaytheeasiestandmostcost-effectivewaytousethericewillbetomakeitintoacreamtobeputontheskin.”可知，科學家們認為最簡單且最節(jié)約成本的方式就是把大米加工成膏狀，涂在皮膚上。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Criticsofgeneticallyengineeredcropsbelievetheycanharmpeople.Thescientificteamsaysfurthertestingisneededtoensurethatthegeneticengineeringprocessdoesnotproduceanyadditionalchemicalsthatcouldbedangeroustopeople.（轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物的批評者認為它們會對人體有害。科學團隊表示，還需要進一步的測試，以確?；蚬こ踢^程不會產(chǎn)生任何可能對人體有害的額外化學物質(zhì)。）由此可以推斷，科學家們認為還需要作進一步測試，以確?；蚬こ踢^程的安全性。故選D。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。本文第一段提到“anewgeneticallymodifiedricecanpreventinfectionsofHIV…”，該項科學研究是關(guān)于一種新的轉(zhuǎn)基因大米可以防止感染HIV病毒，其話題與健康有關(guān)。由此可以推斷，文章可能是選自健康雜志。故選D。DIntherichcountriesoftheWest,theelectricvehiclerevolutioniswellunderway.Climate-consciousconsumersdriveTeslasorPolestarsforreasonsofmoralityandfashion.Poorercountriesarealsoexperiencingawaveofelectrifiedtrend.InBangladesh,electricthree-wheelertaxis,knownastuk-tuks,arerapidlyreplacinggas-poweredonesonthestreets.Suchelectricvehiclesareclimatefriendly,costeffective,andhelpreduceairpollution.Yetaglanceunderthehood(引擎蓋)ofthesevehiclesrevealsapoisonoussecret:eachtuk-tukrunsonfivemassivelead-acidbatteries,containingalmost300poundsofleadintotal.Everyyearandahalforso,whenthosebatteriesneedtobereplacedandrecycled,about60poundsofleadleakintotheenvironment.Batteryrecycling,oftenatsmall-scaleunregulatedfactories,isahighlyprofitablebutdeadlybusiness.Leadisdangerous,andanyexposuretoitisharmfultohumanhealth.Leadthathasenteredtheenvironmenthurtspeopleonanextraordinaryscale.Thenumerouswaysleadentersair,water,soil,andhomesacrossthedevelopingworld—andtheenormousdamageitdoestohumanhealth,wealth,andwelfare—causesoneofthebiggestenvironmentalcrisesintheworldyetreceiveslittleattention.TheWorldBankestimatesthatleadkills5.5millionpeopleperyear,whichwouldmakeitabiggerglobalkillerthanAIDS,malaria,diabetes,androadtrafficdeathscombined.Ontopoftheshockingdeaths,thesocialburdenofleadpoisoningisextraordinary,asisitscontributiontoglobalinequality—ourresearchonthecognitiveeffectsofleadpoisoningsuggeststhatitmayexplainaboutone-fifthoftheeducationalachievementgapbetweenrichandpoorcountries.Butunlikemanychallengesfacedbydevelopingcountries,leadpoisoningisaproblemthatisfixablewithsomeattentionandarelativelymodestfinancialinvestment.Bettermonitoring,research,andrulescanhelpprotectchildrenallovertheworldfromthedreadfuleffectsofleadpoisoningandreducethemassiveglobalcostsitbrings.12.Howdoestheauthordescribetheleadprobleminparagraph2?A.Bymakingacomparison. B.Byanalyzinghiddencauses.C.Bylistingconvincingnumbers. D.Byexplainingitsworkingprinciple.13.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?ALeadentersrichcountriesinvariousways.B.Leadpoisoningmaymakepoorsocietiespoorer.C.Exposuretoleaddoesn’tnecessarilyharmsomeone.D.Leadleakinghascausedgreatpanicinbothcountries.14.Whatcanbedonetosolveleadpoisoningindevelopingcountries?A.Fixingtheseusedbatteries. B.Puttingcertaineffortandmoney.C.Prohibitingtheillegaluseoflead. D.Reducingthecostofrecyclinglead.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheImpactsofLeadPoisoningonHumanHealthB.TheOutcomesofUsingElectricVehiclesC.TheWaystoSolveLeadProblemD.TheGlobalLeadPoisoningCrisis【答案】12.C13.B14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，文章主要闡述了目前全球都在發(fā)展環(huán)保節(jié)能的電動汽車，但是鉛酸電池中的鉛是危險的，任何接觸都對人體健康，鉛中毒給人類健康、財富和福利造成的巨大損害，不僅造成死亡還帶來極大的社會負擔。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。第二段中“Yetaglanceunderthehood(引擎蓋)ofthesevehiclesrevealsapoisonoussecret:eachtuk-tukrunsonfivemassivelead-acidbatteries,containingalmost300poundsofleadintotal.Everyyearandahalforso,whenthosebatteriesneedtobereplacedandrecycled,about60poundsofleadleakintotheenvironment.Batteryrecycling,oftenatsmall-scaleunregulatedfactories,isahighlyprofitablebutdeadlybusiness.(然而，只要看一眼這些車輛的引擎蓋，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)一個有毒的秘密：每輛嘟嘟車都是由五塊巨大的鉛酸電池驅(qū)動的，總共含有近300磅的鉛。每一年半左右，當這些電池需要更換和回收時，大約有60磅的鉛泄漏到環(huán)境中。電池回收通常在不受監(jiān)管的小型工廠進行，這是一項高利潤但致命的業(yè)務(wù)。)”作者通過用具體數(shù)字列出嘟嘟車鉛酸電池中鉛的量來說明目前所面臨的鉛污染問題；由此可知，作者通過列出令人信服的數(shù)字來說明目前的鉛問題。故選C?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thenumerouswaysleadentersair,water,soil,andhomesacrossthedevelopingworld—andtheenormousdamageitdoestohumanhealth,wealth,andwelfare—causesoneofthebiggestenvironmentalcrisesintheworldyetreceiveslittleattention.(在發(fā)展中國家，鉛以多種方式進入空氣、水、土壤和家庭——以及它對人類健康、財富和福利造成的巨大損害——造成了世界上最大的環(huán)境危機之一，但卻很少受到關(guān)注。)”以及第四段中“Ontopoftheshockingdeaths,thesocialburdenofleadpoisoningisextraordinary,asisitscontributiontoglobalinequality—ourresearchonthecognitiveeffectsofleadpoisoningsuggeststhatitmayexplainaboutone-fifthoftheeducationalachievementgapbetweenrichandpoorcountries.(除了令人震驚的死亡之外，鉛中毒的社會負擔是巨大的，就像它對全球不平等的貢獻一樣——我們對鉛中毒的認知影響的研究表明，它可以解釋富國和窮國之間教育成就差距的五分之一。)”可知，在發(fā)展中國家，鉛以多種方式進入空氣、水、土壤和家庭，對人類健康、財富和福利造成的巨大損害，不僅造成死亡還帶來極大的社會負擔，使貧窮的社會更貧窮。故選B。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Butunlikemanychallengesfacedbydevelopingcountries,leadpoisoningisaproblemthatisfixablewithsomeattentionandarelativelymodestfinancialinvestment.Bettermonitoring,research,andrulescanhelpprotectchildrenallovertheworldfromthedreadfuleffectsofleadpoisoningandreducethemassiveglobalcostsitbrings.(但是，與發(fā)展中國家面臨的許多挑戰(zhàn)不同，鉛中毒是一個可以通過一些關(guān)注和相對適度的財政投資來解決的問題。更好的監(jiān)測、研究和規(guī)則可以幫助保護世界各地的兒童免受鉛中毒的可怕影響，并減少其帶來的巨大全球成本。)”可知，發(fā)展中國家可以通過一些關(guān)注和相對適度的財政投資，進行更好的監(jiān)測、研究以及制定規(guī)則來解決鉛污染和鉛中毒問題；由此可知，發(fā)展中國家可以通過投入一定的努力和金錢解決鉛中毒問題。故選B。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“IntherichcountriesoftheWest,theelectricvehiclerevolutioniswellunderway.Climate-consciousconsumersdriveTeslasorPolestarsforreasonsofmoralityandfashion.Poorercountriesarealsoexperiencingawaveofelectrifiedtrend.(在西方富裕國家，電動汽車革命正在如火如荼地進行。有氣候意識的消費者出于道德和時尚的原因駕駛特斯拉或北極星。較貧窮的國家也正在經(jīng)歷一波電氣化趨勢。)”以及第二段“Yetaglanceunderthehood(引擎蓋)ofthesevehiclesrevealsapoisonoussecret:eachtuk-tukrunsonfivemassivelead-acidbatteries,containingalmost300poundsofleadintotal.Everyyearandahalforso,whenthosebatteriesneedtobereplacedandrecycled,about60poundsofleadleakintotheenvironment.Batteryrecycling,oftenatsmall-scaleunregulatedfactories,isahighlyprofitablebutdeadlybusiness.(然而，只要看一眼這些車輛的引擎蓋，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)一個有毒的秘密：每輛嘟嘟車都是由五塊巨大的鉛酸電池驅(qū)動的，總共含有近300磅的鉛。每一年半左右，當這些電池需要更換和回收時，大約有60磅的鉛泄漏到環(huán)境中。電池回收通常在不受監(jiān)管的小型工廠進行，這是一項高利潤但致命的業(yè)務(wù)。)”可知，全球都在發(fā)展電動汽車，經(jīng)歷電氣化，但是鉛酸電池中的鉛是危險的；下文主要闡述了鉛中毒給社會和健康帶來的極大危害；由此可知，文章主要講述目前發(fā)展電動汽車帶來的鉛污染問題、世界上鉛中毒的嚴峻形勢及其給社會和健康帶來的極大危害；D選項“TheGlobalLeadPoisoningCrisis(全球鉛中毒危機)”能夠概括文章主旨，適合作為最佳標題。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。OvercomingFearofFailureHaveyoueverbeensoafraidoffailingatsomethingthatyoudecidednottotryatall?Orhasfearoffailuremeantthat,subconsciously,youundermined(削弱)yourowneffortstoavoidthepossibilityofalargerfailure?____16____It’simportanttorealizethatineverythingwedo,there’salwaysachancethatwe’llfail.Facingthatchanceandembracingitgiveusamorerewardinglife.Hereareafewwaystoreducethefearoffailing.Analyzeallpotentialoutcomes.____17____Removethatfearbyconsideringallofthepotentialoutcomesofyourdecision.Youcanmappossibleoutcomesvisually.Setsmallgoals.Imagininghowlifewillbeafteryou’vereachedyourgoalisagreatmotivatortokeepyoumovingforward.Sostartbysettingafewsmallgoals.____18____Don’tfocusontheendpicture.Justfocusonthenextstep.Takingonesmallstepatatimewillhelpbuildyourconfidence,keepyoumovingtowardsyourfinalgoal.Learntothinkmorepositively.Everycoinhastwosides.____19____Learntochangeyourthoughtsandfocusmoreonthebrightsideofthesituation,makingyoulikeyourself.Positivethinkingisanincrediblypowerfulwaytobuildself-confidence.____20____Insomecases,thetoughestsituationmaybegenuinelydisastrous(災(zāi)難性的)anditmaybeperfectlyreasonabletofearfailure.Inothercases,however,thisworstcasemayactuallynotbethatbad,andrecognizingthiscanhelp.A.Lookattheworse-casesituation.B.Itisuptoyoutodecidewhichonetolookat.C.Failingatsomethingcanhelpyoudiscoveryourtruestfriends.D.Manyofushaveprobablyexperiencedthisatonetimeoranother.E.Ifyouareafraidoffailure,youmightbeuncomfortablesettinggoals.F.Theseshouldbegoalsthatareslightly,butnotoverwhelmingly,challenging.G.Manypeopleexperiencefearoffailurebecausetheyfeartheunknown.【答案】16.D17.G18.F19.B20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章就如何減少人們對失敗的恐懼給了四個方法。【16題詳解】上文“Haveyoueverbeensoafraidoffailingatsomethingthatyoudecidednottotryatall?Orhasfearoffailuremeantthat,subconsciously,youundermined(削弱)yourowneffortstoavoidthepossibilityofalargerfailure?(你有沒有因為害怕某件事失敗而決定根本不去嘗試？還是對失敗的恐懼意味著，在潛意識里，你破壞了自己為避免更大失敗的可能性所做的努力)”講述了人們害怕失敗的現(xiàn)象和背后的心理因素，再結(jié)合下文“It’simportanttorealizethatineverythingwedo,there’salwaysachancethatwe’llfail.(重要的是要認識到，在我們所做的每件事中，總會有失敗的機會)”，該空應(yīng)該講失敗存在的普遍性，D選項“我們中的許多人可能曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過這種情況?！鼻泻险Z境，也可引出下文講人總會有失敗的時候。故選D項。【17題詳解】由小標題“Analyzeallpotentialoutcomes.(分析所有潛在結(jié)果。)”可知本段主要講減少人們對失敗恐懼的方法之一——分析事情將產(chǎn)生的所有（好壞）結(jié)果，該空應(yīng)該要分析人們害怕失敗的原因，G選項“許多人害怕失敗是因為他們害怕未知?！笔菍Χ温錁祟}的闡釋。故選G項。【18題詳解】由小標題“Setsmallgoals.(設(shè)定小目標。)”可知本段主要講減少人們對失敗恐懼的方法之一——設(shè)定小目標，再結(jié)合上文“Sostartbysettingafewsmallgoals.(所以，從設(shè)定幾個小目標開始)”可知，該空應(yīng)該講具體如何設(shè)置小目標，F(xiàn)選項“這些目標應(yīng)該具有輕微的挑戰(zhàn)性，但不是壓倒性的挑戰(zhàn)性。”對前句的小目標具體解釋。故選F項?！?9題詳解】由小標題“Learntothinkmorepositively.(學會更積極地思考。)”可知本段主要講減少人們對失敗恐懼的方法之一——學會更積極地思考，再結(jié)合上文“Everycoinhastwosides.(凡事都有兩面性。)”可知，該空應(yīng)該講積極思考事物兩面性后應(yīng)該怎么做，B選項“你來決定要看哪一面。”切合語境。故選B項。【20題詳解】該空選取小標題，需總結(jié)下文。由下文“Insomecases,thetoughestsituationmaybegenuinelydisastrous(災(zāi)難性的)anditmaybeperfectlyreasonabletofearfailure.Inothercases,however,thisworstcasemayactuallynotbethatbad,andrecognizingthiscanhelp.(在某些情況下，最艱難的情況可能真的是災(zāi)難性的，害怕失敗可能是完全合理的。然而，在其他情況下，這種最壞的情況實際上可能沒有那么糟糕，認識到這一點會有所幫助。)”可知，本段在談?wù)撟顗牡那闆r，A選項“看看更糟糕的情況?！鼻泻险Z境。故選A項。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。WhenLeahwas10,shesawaneedforchangeintheworld.“Peoplearesupposedtoshow____21____andsympathy,”shesays.“Butthatwasn'thappening.”Leahdecidedto____22____herhand-madebraceletsatalocaleventandaskedeachpersonwhogotonetodoakinddeedforsomeoneelse.Anote____23____toeachbraceletsaid,“Let'sjustshowotherpeopletheyare____24____.”AsLeahgaveoutbracelets,____25____spread.Shebegantoreceivebraceletrequestsworldwide,andtohearfrompeoplewho'ddeliveredkinddeeds.Oneperson____26____atiredstoreclerkwithsandwiches.Anotherpaidforastranger'scoffee.“Astorythat____27____touchedmyheartwasthatsomeoneestablishedahomelesscamp!”shesays.WhenLeahcouldn't____28____requestsforthebracelets,shebegansellingwristbandswith"KindnessTravels"ontheoutsideand"kind"ontheinsidein____29____languages.Sofar,shehassentout10,000wristbands.Shehas____30____apartyforkidsatahomelessshelter,paidrentforhurricane____31____andmore,usingthemoneyfromwristbands____32____anddonations.Leahhopesto____33____otherkidswhowanttohelpothers.“Justcomeupwithideas!Neverbe____34____,”shesays.“Ageisjusta____35____.Youalwayshavethepowertodosomething.”21.A.pleasure B.patience C.love D.curiosity22.A.pickup B.putaway C.showoff D.handout23.A.compared B.attached C.opened D.connected24.A.ignored B.infected C.valued D.engaged25.A.word B.passion C.anxiety D.happiness26.A.bothered B.surprised C.upset D.embarrassed27.A.genuinely B.hardly C.slightly D.relatively28.A.deny B.advance C.meet D.delay29.A.native B.complex C.natural D.different30.A.attended B.organized C.canceled D.postponed31.A.victims B.researchers C.reporters D.observers32.A.sales B.funds C.designs D.advertisements33.A.respect B.contact C.recommend D.encourage34.A.mean B.scared C.content D.proud35.A.gap B.problem C.number D.barrier【答案】21.C22.D23.B24.C25.A26.B27.A28.C29.D30.B31.A32.A33.D34.B35.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了10歲的Leah認為人們應(yīng)該表現(xiàn)出愛和同情，于是決定在當?shù)氐囊淮位顒由戏职l(fā)她手工制作的手鐲，并要求每個得到手鐲的人為別人做一件好事。當Leah分發(fā)手鐲時，消息傳開了。她開始收到來自世界各地的手鐲請求，并聽取那些曾經(jīng)做過善事的人的意見。她還通過自己出售腕帶和捐贈的錢來幫助他人，鼓勵其他想幫助別人的孩子。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“人們應(yīng)該表現(xiàn)出愛和同情，”她說。A.pleasure快樂；B.patience耐心；C.love愛；D.curiosity好奇。根據(jù)后文“andsympathy”以及Leah通過分發(fā)手鐲來呼吁人們重視他人，可推測她認為人們應(yīng)該表現(xiàn)出愛和同情。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：Leah決定在當?shù)氐囊淮位顒由戏职l(fā)她手工制作的手鐲，并請每個得到手鐲的人為別人做一件好事。A.pickup撿起；B.putaway放好；C.showoff炫耀；D.handout分發(fā)。呼應(yīng)后文“AsLeahgaveoutbracelets”指Leah分發(fā)她制作的手鐲。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：每個手鐲上都附著一張紙條，上面寫著：“讓我們向其他人展示他們被重視。”A.compared比較；B.attached附屬；C.opened打開；D.connected連接。根據(jù)前后文語境“Anote…toeachbracelet”可知，指手鐲上附有Leah的紙條，應(yīng)用attach。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：每個手鐲上都附著一張紙條，上面寫著：“讓我們向其他人展示他們被重視?！盇.ignored忽視；B.infected傳染；C.valued重視；D.engaged參與。結(jié)合上文“askedeachpersonwhogotonetodoakinddeedforsomeoneelse”可知Leah要求每個得到手鐲的人為別人做一件好事，說明她希望人們向其他人展示他們被重視，故選C?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當Leah分發(fā)手鐲時，消息傳開了。A.word話語，消息；B.passion激情；C.anxiety焦慮；D.happiness幸福。根據(jù)后文“Shebegantoreceivebraceletrequestsworldwide”可知Leah分發(fā)手鐲的消息傳開了，wordspread“消息散布得很快”符合語境。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一個人用三明治給一個疲憊的店員帶來了驚喜。A