初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法- 賓語(yǔ)從句講解加練習(xí)

初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法——賓語(yǔ)從句講解加練習(xí)賓語(yǔ)從句講解一、意義：在一個(gè)復(fù)合句子中，賓語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子，我們把這個(gè)句子叫賓語(yǔ)從句。二、賓語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+if/whether/that/特殊疑問(wèn)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。如：一）that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句：1.Hethinksthatsheisagoodgirl.他認(rèn)為她是一個(gè)好女孩兒。2.I’mafraidthatIhavemadeamistake.我恐怕我犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。3.Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasill.他缺席的原因是他病了。4.Hesaidthatheknewyou.他說(shuō)他知道你。5.Hethinksthathe’sthecleverestinhisclass.他認(rèn)為他是班上最聰明的。6.Shesaidinherletterthatshewouldcomenextmonth.她在信中說(shuō)，她將會(huì)下個(gè)月來(lái)。7.Hethoughtthathewasstrongandthatonlyhecouldhelpthem.他認(rèn)為他是強(qiáng)壯的，并且認(rèn)為只有他能幫助他們。8.Lilysaidthatshewasathomeatthattime.莉莉說(shuō)那個(gè)時(shí)候她正在家里。二）if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句：當(dāng)后邊沒(méi)有ornot時(shí)，能用if或whether；當(dāng)后邊有ornot時(shí)，只能用whether。9.Couldyoutellmeif/whetheryourbrotherisaleaguemember?你能告訴我你的哥哥是否是一個(gè)共青團(tuán)員？10.Idon’tknowif/whetherthey’retalkingaboutme.我不知道他們是否正在談?wù)撐摇?1.Canyoutellmewhethertheoldmanisaliveornot?你能告訴我那個(gè)老人是否還活著？12.Heaskedmeif/whetherIcouldhelphimpickapplesnextweek.他問(wèn)我，我是否能夠在下周幫他摘蘋(píng)果。三）特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句：13.Hedoesn’tknowwherethepostofficeis.他不知道郵局在哪兒。14.HetoldmewhatIshouldread.他告訴我應(yīng)該讀什么。15.Thisiswhyweputoffthemeeting.這就是為什么我推遲開(kāi)會(huì)的原因。16.Iaskedhimwhathewanted.我問(wèn)他想要什么。17.Canyouguesswhoisyourfathertalkingwithnow?你能猜出來(lái)你父親現(xiàn)在正在和誰(shuí)談話嗎？18.Heaskedmehowtheywouldfinishthework.他問(wèn)我他們將怎樣完成工作。19.DoyouknowwhentheybegantoteachherEnglish?你知道他們什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始教她英語(yǔ)嗎？20.Theyknowwhichhospitalsheworksin.他們知道她在哪個(gè)醫(yī)院工作。三、賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)：賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)要和主句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。一）當(dāng)主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)態(tài)。如：1.Couldyoutellmewhereyouboughtthetoybear?你能告訴我了你在什么地方買的這個(gè)玩具熊嗎？2.Iwonderwhenwewillhaveameeting.我不知道我們將什么時(shí)候開(kāi)會(huì)。二）當(dāng)主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。如：1.IcalledmyfriendstoseeWhethertheywouldliketogo.我給我的朋友打電話，讓他們看看他們將是否愿意來(lái)。（主句的時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句里的will改成了would。）2.Iaskedhimwhathewanted.我問(wèn)他他想要什么。（主句的時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句里的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)改成了一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。）四、注意事項(xiàng)：1.看語(yǔ)序。要確定賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序是主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。2.時(shí)態(tài)。要注意主語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)。3.特殊疑問(wèn)詞在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí)要注意語(yǔ)序是：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+謂語(yǔ)。如：Couldyoutellmewhat’swrongwithyou?Couldyoutellmewhat’sthematterwithyou?Couldyoutellmewhat’sthetroublewithyou?你能告訴我你怎么了嗎？Shedidn'tknowwhathappenedtoyou?她不知道你發(fā)生了什么事。4.賓語(yǔ)從句中的意思表示客觀真理時(shí)，一律用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。如：Ourteachersaidtheearthrunsaroundthesun.我們老師說(shuō)地球圍著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。5.注意主句是could,would等表示委婉請(qǐng)求的主句，其實(shí)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)態(tài)。如：1）Could/Wouldyoupleasetellmewherethey’replayingcards?請(qǐng)你告訴我他們正在什么地方玩牌好嗎？2）Couldyoufindoutwhyhe’salwayslateforschool?你能發(fā)現(xiàn)他為什么總是上學(xué)遲到嗎？四、做題時(shí)的思路：先看語(yǔ)序，再看時(shí)態(tài)，再看意思。中考真題1.（2022年黑龍江省哈爾濱市）—Couldyoutellme________onweekdays?—Iusuallygotoschoolonfootbutsometimesbybike.A.whydoyougotoschoolB.whenyouwenttoschoolC.howyougotoschool2.（2022年北京市）—Doyouknow_________thenewnationalpark?—Yes,Ido.ToprotectwildlifeandbenefitthelocalpeopleA.whydidChinasetupB.whyChinasetupC.whendidChinasetupD.whenChinasetup3．（2022年天津市）—Couldyoutellme________?—It’sabout6,300kilometreslong.A.howwideistheChangjiangRiverB.howwidetheChangjiangRiverisC.howlongistheChangjiangRiverD.howlongtheChangjiangRiveris4.（2022年海南?。狧aveyoudecided________thechildreninthepoorarea?—Bysendingthembooksandschoolbags.A.howyouwillhelpB.howwillyouhelpC.whenyouwillhelp5.（2022年吉林?。狵ate,doyouknow______?—Intheschoolhall.A.whenwe’llhavetheEnglishpartyB.whywe’llhavetheEnglishpartyC.wherewe’llhavetheEnglishparty6．（2022年云南省）—Yourstampsaresofantastic.Couldyoupleasetellme______？—Oh,Iboughttheminthepostofficenexttothebank.A.whydidyoubuythemB.wheredidyoubuythemB.whyyouboughtthemD.whereyouboughtthem7.（2022年重慶市A卷）-Canyoutellme______?-Yes.Inthelanguagecenter.A.wherewillthespeechcompetitionbeheldB.wherethespeechcompetitionwillbeheldC.whenwillthespeechcompetitionbeheldD.whenthespeechcompetitionwillbeheld8.（2022年重慶市B卷）—Excuseme,doyouknow________?—Yes.NextFriday.A．whenwillthevolunteerscomebackB．whenthevolunteerswillcomebackC．howwillthevolunteerscomebackD．howthevolunteerswillcomeback9.（2022年遼寧省沈陽(yáng)市）—Hi,Tom.Couldyoutellme________?—I’llgotherenextSunday.A.howyouwillgotoBeilingParkB.whenyouwillgotoBeilingParkC.howwillyougotoBeilingParkD.whenwillyougotoBeilingPark10.（2022年江蘇省揚(yáng)州市）—Excuseme,couldyoutellme________?—YoucantakeNo.6busthere.It’sabout15minutes’ride.A.howfaristheSlenderWestLakeB.howfartheSlenderWestLakeisC.howcanIgettotheSlenderWestLake11.（2022年江蘇省宿遷市）--Jenny,doyouknow________?--Er,nextTuesday.A.whenthesportsmeetingwilltakeplaceB.whenwillthesportsmeetingtakeplaceC.wherethesportsmeetingwilltakeplaceD.wherewillthesportsmeetingtakeplace12.（2022年江蘇省無(wú)錫市）—Therewillbearobotonshowinourschoolnextweek.—Really?Iwonder________.A.whatitlikesB.whatitislikeC.whatdoesitlikeD.whatisitlike13.（2022年山東省濟(jì)南市）—Excuseme.Iamnewhere.Canyoutellme________?—Sure.Gostraightandyouwillseeitonyourleft.A.whereisthenearestcinemaB.wherewasthenearestcinemaC.wherethenearestcinemaisD.wherethenearestcinemawas14.（2022年湖北省武漢市）—Canyoutellme__________?—Togetpracticalskills.A.whatdoyoulearnaboutsafetyB.whendoyouhavetheartfestivalC.howyoubalanceyourstudiesandhobbiesD.whyyoulearncookingatschool15.（2022年湖北省十堰市）—Couldyoupleasetellme________?—NextSunday.A.whenIcangetbackmynotebookB.whencanIgetbackmynotebookC.howlongIcangetbackmynotebookD.howlongcanIgetbackmynotebook16.（2022年湖南省懷化市）—Doyouknow_______?—Sheisateacher.A.WhatisLinda’sjobB.WhatLinda’sjobisC.WhatwasLinda’sjob17.---Couldyoutellme___?---“Romewasnotbuiltinaday.”Youshouldtrytogiveitenoughchancestobecomestrong.A.whyIshoulddotohaveagoodmemor