北京市東城區(qū)2018-2019學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期末考試試題（含解析）

北京市東城區(qū)20182019學(xué)年下學(xué)期高一年級(jí)期末教學(xué)統(tǒng)一檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試卷本試卷共100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)120分鐘。一、聽(tīng)力理解（共三節(jié)，15分）第一節(jié)（共3小題；每小題1分，共3分）聽(tīng)下面3段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你將有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話你將聽(tīng)一遍。1.Whattimeisitnow?A.9:30.B.11:00.C.12:30.2.Whatisthemangoingtodo?A.Seeadoctor.B.Makeaphonecall.C.GoontheInternet.3.Whatwillthemandoforthewoman?A.Repairhercar.B.Giveheraride.C.Pickupherson.第二節(jié)（共8小題；每小題1分，共8分）聽(tīng)下面3段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有5秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀每小題。聽(tīng)完后，每小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白你將聽(tīng)兩遍。聽(tīng)第4段材料，回答第4至5題。4.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Athome.B.Atarestaurant.C.Atasupermarket.5.Whatmightthewomanorder?A.Friedfish.B.Beefsteak.C.Roastchicken.聽(tīng)第5段材料，回答第6至8題。6.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Travelguideandvisitor.B.Radiohostandguest.CBossandsecretary.7.Whatdoesthewomanthinkzookeepersshoulddowithanimals?A.Trainthemtoentertainpeople.B.Takecareofthemaspets.C.Keeptheirnature.8.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofherjob?A.Challengingandinteresting.B.Difficultanddangerous.C.Pleasantandrewarding.聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第9至11題。9.Whatisthespeakernow?A.Acook.B.Ateacher.C.Abusinessman.10.Whatwasthemangoodat?A.Math.B.History.C.Science.11.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Howhemadealivingatanearlyage.B.HowhisEnglishhasbeenimproved.C.Howeducationhaschangedhislife.第三節(jié)（共4小題；每小題1分，共4分）聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，完成第12至15四道小題，每小題僅填寫一個(gè)詞。聽(tīng)對(duì)話前，你將有15秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀試題，聽(tīng)完后你將有50秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。這段對(duì)話你將聽(tīng)兩遍。二、完形填空（共20小題；每小題1分，共20分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。TheParents’LifesavingTouchOnMarch25,2010,KateandDavidheardthewordseveryparentfeelsfrightenedof:Theirnewbornwasn’tgoingtomakeit.Theirtwins—agirlandaboy—wereborntwominutesapartand14weekspremature(早產(chǎn)的),___1___justovertwopoundseach.Doctorshadtriedtosavetheboyfor20minutesbutsawno___2___.Hisheartbeatwasnearlygone,andhe’dstoppedbreathing.Thebabyhadjustminutesto___3___.“Isawhimgasp(喘息)weakly,butthedoctorsaiditwasno___4___,”KatetoldtheDailyMailfiveyearslater.“Iknowitsoundsstupid,___5___ifhewasstillgasping,thatwasasignoflife.Iwasn’tgoingtogiveup___6___.”Inanefforttocherish(珍惜)herlastmomentswiththetinyboy,Kateaskedto___7___him.Thecoupleknewthiswaslikelya___8___.Kateremovedthehospitalblanket___9___theboy,whomthecouplehadalready___10___Jamie,andorderedDavidtotakehisshirtoffand___11___herandtheboyinbed.Thefirsttimeparentswantedtheirsontobeaswarmaspossibleintheirarmsandhopedtheskintoskincontactwouldimprovehis___12___.Theyalsotalkedtohim.“Weweretryingtoentice(說(shuō)服)himtostay,”KatetoldtheDailyMail.“Weexplainedhisnameand___13___hehadatwinwhohehadtolookoutforandhowhardwehadtriedto___14___him.”Thensomethingpletely___15___happened.Jamiestarted___16___again.Finally,hereachedforhisfather’sfinger.Thecouple’slostboyhadmadeit.“We’rethe___17___peopleintheworld,”Davidsaid.Eightyearslater,Jamieandhissister,Emily,arehappyand___18___.Theparentsonlyrecentlytoldthekidsthestoryoftheir___19___.“Emilyburstintotears,”KatetoldtheDailyMail.“Shewasreallyupset,andshekepthuggingJamie.Thiswhole___20___makesyoucherishthemmore.”1.A.losing B.measuring C.weighing D.showing2.A.appreciation B.improvement C.prediction D.agreement3.A.live B.play C.grow D.think4.A.harm B.trouble C.wonder D.use5.A.but B.or C.and D.for6.A.gradually B.peacefully C.hardly D.easily7.A.cover B.hold C.cure D.wash8.A.risk B.party C.goodbye D.tradition9.A.around B.to C.beside D.against10.A.promised B.kept C.awarded D.named11.A.join B.place C.feed D.hide12.A.appearance B.condition C.memory D.skill13.A.why B.when C.that D.if14.A.protect B.raise C.teach D.save15.A.unbelievable B.unfamiliar C.natural D.acceptable16.A.waving B.speaking C.smiling D.breathing17.A.kindest B.luckiest C.bravest D.cleverest18.A.free B.relaxed C.healthy D.confident19.A.birth B.adventure C.growth D.education20.A.project B.experiment C.progress D.experience【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.D5.A6.D7.B8.C9.A10.D11.A12.B13.C14.D15.A16.D17.B18.C19.A20.D【解析】這是一篇記敘文。記敘了一對(duì)雙胞胎出生時(shí)，醫(yī)生告訴他們的父母男孩難以存活，只有幾分鐘的時(shí)間了。而男孩的父母并沒(méi)有放棄，并在最后抱了他，結(jié)果男孩奇跡般地重新開(kāi)始呼吸，并幸存了下來(lái)的故事?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們的雙胞胎——一個(gè)女孩和一個(gè)男孩——出生時(shí)相隔兩分鐘，早產(chǎn)了14周，每個(gè)人的體重剛剛超過(guò)兩磅。A.losing失去；B.measuring測(cè)量；C.weighing稱重；D.showing展示。根據(jù)下文overtwopoundseach可知是在“稱重”，故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：醫(yī)生們?cè)噲D挽救這個(gè)男孩20分鐘，但沒(méi)有看到任何好轉(zhuǎn)。A.appreciation欣賞；B.improvement改進(jìn)；好轉(zhuǎn)；C.prediction預(yù)測(cè)；D.agreement同意。根據(jù)下文Hisheartbeatwasnearlygone可知男孩的情況沒(méi)有好轉(zhuǎn)，故選B?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：嬰兒只有幾分鐘的生命了。A.live生活；存活；B.play玩耍；C.grow生長(zhǎng)；D.think思考。根據(jù)上文可知男孩的情況沒(méi)有好轉(zhuǎn)，因此只能存活幾分鐘的時(shí)間了。故選A。【4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：五年后，凱特在接受《每日郵報(bào)》采訪時(shí)表示:“我看到他虛弱地倒抽了一口冷氣，但醫(yī)生說(shuō)沒(méi)有用?！盇.harm損害；B.trouble麻煩；C.wonder奇跡；D.use用處。短語(yǔ)nouse“沒(méi)用的；于事無(wú)補(bǔ)”，故選D?！?題詳解】考查連詞辨析。句意：我知道這聽(tīng)起來(lái)很蠢，但如果他還在喘氣，那就是生命的跡象。A.but但是；B.or或者；C.and并且；D.for為了；因?yàn)?。雖然醫(yī)生已經(jīng)放棄了這個(gè)孩子，但是Kate仍然認(rèn)為孩子還是有生命跡象的。上下文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選A。6題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我不會(huì)輕易放棄的。A.gradually逐漸地；B.peacefully和平地；C.hardly幾乎不；D.easily容易地。根據(jù)上文可知Kate認(rèn)為孩子還有生命跡象，因此不會(huì)輕易放棄。故選D。【7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：為了珍惜和小男孩在一起的最后時(shí)光，Kate要求抱著他。A.cover覆蓋；B.hold握住；抱著；C.cure治愈；D.wash洗。因?yàn)槭菋雰阂虼耸恰氨е惫蔬xB?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這對(duì)夫婦知道這可能是告別。A.risk風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；B.party聚會(huì)；C.goodbye再見(jiàn)；D.tradition傳統(tǒng)。因?yàn)獒t(yī)生已經(jīng)說(shuō)孩子不能存活，因此這就像是在說(shuō)再見(jiàn)，告別一樣。故選C?！?題詳解】考查介詞搭配。句意：Kate取下裹在男孩身上的醫(yī)院毯子。A.around圍繞；包裹；B.to向；C.beside在旁邊；D.against反對(duì)。毯子包裹著男嬰，故選A。【10題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Kate把蓋在男孩身上的醫(yī)院毯子拿開(kāi)，這對(duì)夫婦已經(jīng)給男孩取名為Jamie，讓David脫掉襯衫，和她一起躺在床上。A.promised承諾；B.kept保持；C.awarded獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；D.named命名。根據(jù)下文Jamie可知是給男孩取名，故選D。【11題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Kate把蓋在男孩身上的醫(yī)院毯子拿開(kāi)，這對(duì)夫婦已經(jīng)給男孩取名為Jamie，讓David脫掉襯衫，和她一起躺在床上。A.join加入；B.place放置；C.feed喂養(yǎng)；D.hide隱藏。短語(yǔ)joinsb.“加入某人；和某人一起”，故選A。【12題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：第一次做父母他們希望他們的兒子在他們的懷抱里盡可能地溫暖，并希望這種肌膚接觸能改善他的狀況。A.appearance外貌；B.condition條件；狀況；C.memory記憶；D.skill技能。根據(jù)句意可知選B?！?3題詳解】考查連接詞辨析。句意：我們解釋了他的名字，他有一個(gè)雙胞胎，他必須照顧她，我們?cè)嗝磁Φ卦噲D救他。A.why為什么；B.when什么時(shí)候；C.that那個(gè)；D.if如果。本句為賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中不缺少成分，故用that，故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們解釋了他的名字，他有一個(gè)雙胞胎，他必須照顧她，我們?cè)嗝磁Φ卦噲D救他。A.protect保護(hù)；B.raise上升；C.teach教；D.save拯救。這么做的目的是為了拯救男孩。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然后發(fā)生了一件完全不可思議的事情。A.unbelievable難以置信的；B.unfamiliar不熟悉的；C.natural自然的；D.acceptable可接受的。根據(jù)下文可知Jamie又開(kāi)始呼吸了，這是難以置信的。故選A。【16題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Jamie又開(kāi)始呼吸了。A.waving揮動(dòng)；B.speaking說(shuō)話；C.smiling微笑；D.breathing呼吸。根據(jù)上文he’dstoppedbreathing可知是又開(kāi)始呼吸了，故選D?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“我們是世界上最幸運(yùn)的人，”大衛(wèi)說(shuō)。A.kindest最親切的；B.luckiest最幸運(yùn)的；C.bravest最勇敢的；D.cleverest最聰明的。根據(jù)句意故選B?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：八年后，杰米和他妹妹艾米麗都很健康快樂(lè)。A.free自由的；B.relaxed放松的；C.healthy健康的；D.confident自信的。根據(jù)上文eightyearslater可知Jamie存活了八年，一直很健康，故選C?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這對(duì)父母最近才告訴孩子們他們出生的故事。A.birth出生；B.adventure冒險(xiǎn)；C.growth生長(zhǎng)；D.education教育。事情發(fā)生在他們剛出生的時(shí)候，故選A?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這整個(gè)經(jīng)歷讓你更加珍惜他們。A.project項(xiàng)目；B.experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)；C.progress進(jìn)步；D.experience經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)句意故選D。三、閱讀理解（共16小題；36~45每小題2分，46~51每小題3分，共38分）閱讀下列四篇短文，從第36~45各小題后所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑；根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，回答第46~51各小題，并將答案寫在答題紙的相應(yīng)位置。ASomeinsects,suchasbutterfliesandladybugs,arequitebeautiful.But,didyouknowthatmanybugsarealsoedibleandarefilledwithprotein?AletheiaPriceknowsthis—andalotmore—aboutbugs.Shealsothinksyoushouldtryeatingsome.Ifyouvisitthewebsiteeatbug,youwillfindallkindsofinformationaboutedibleinsects.MostofitwaswrittenbyAletheiaPricewhenshewasfifteenyearsold.Aletheiastartedeatingbugsattheageofthirteen.Beforelong,shefoundthatshereallyenjoyedsomeofthem.Shealsobecameinterestedinfindingoutmoreaboutwhichkindsofbugscouldbeeatenandhowtocookthem.AccordingtoAletheia,thereareatleast1,462kindsofedibleinsects.(Doesn’tthatmakeyouwonderwhotriedallofthemanddecidedtheywereedible?)Someofherfavoritedishesincludemealwormchocolatechipcookies,anttacos(玉米卷),andchocolatecoveredcrickets(蟋蟀).Onherwebsiteshehasrecipesforinsectentrees(開(kāi)胃菜)andsomehelpfultips.Forexample,whenpreparingcrickets,itisbesttoremovetheirlegsbeforecooking,forthelegstendtogetstuckinyourteeth.Shealsooffersinformationforanyonewhowantstoraisebugsforfood.Aletheiarealizesthateatingbugsisnotforeveryone.But,ifyouthinkaboutit,youhavetoadmitthateatingbugsmightbeagoodidea.Therearebillionsandbillionsofbugsinthisworld.Ifwecouldgetusedtoeatingthem,wewouldhaveplentyoffoodforeveryone.21.WhenAletheiawas13,she_________.A.wrotearticlesaboutbugsB.atebugsforthefirsttimeC.taughtpeoplehowtocookbugsD.studiednutritionalvalueofbugs22.OnAletheia’swebsite,youcanfindinformationon________.A.namesofrestaurantstoservebugs B.howtokeepbugsaspetsC.tipsoncookingandeatingbugs D.wheretocatchbugsforfood23.InAletheia’sopinion,eatingbugscanhelp________.A.keepthebalanceofnatureB.solvethefoodsupplyproblemC.makeyourlifemoreinterestingD.maketheoldandtheyoungstronger【答案】21.B22.C23.B【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。許多昆蟲是可以食用的。AletheiaPrice在13歲時(shí)開(kāi)始食用蟲子，她對(duì)昆蟲了解很多。她發(fā)現(xiàn)有至少1462種昆蟲是可食用的。她還創(chuàng)立了自己的網(wǎng)站，網(wǎng)站上有如何烹飪可食用蟲子的食譜和有用的建議。在Aletheia看來(lái)，吃蟲子可以幫助解決食物供應(yīng)問(wèn)題?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Aletheiastartedeatingbugsattheageofthirteen.（Aletheia從十三歲開(kāi)始吃蟲子。）可知當(dāng)Aletheia十三歲時(shí)，她第一次吃了蟲子。故選B?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Onherwebsiteshehasrecipesforinsectentrees(開(kāi)胃菜)andsomehelpfultips.（在她的網(wǎng)站上，她有昆蟲主菜的食譜和一些有用的建議。）可知在Aletheia的網(wǎng)站上，你可以找到烹飪和吃蟲子的建議。故選C。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句Ifwecouldgetusedtoeatingthem,wewouldhaveplentyoffoodforeveryone.（如果我們能習(xí)慣吃它們，我們就會(huì)有足夠的食物給每個(gè)人。）可知在Aletheia看來(lái)，吃蟲子可以幫助解決食物供應(yīng)問(wèn)題。故選B。BLiananervouslybithernailswhileshewaitedfortheexamtoarrive.Shelookedaroundtheroom;hundredsofotherlawstudentssatinrowsstaringanxiouslyatthetablesinfrontofthem.Justasshebegantotakeadeepbreathtocalmheranxiety,anexambooklet(冊(cè)子)wasplacedinfrontofher.Thiswasthemomentshehadbeenexpectingeversinceshebeganlawschoolthreeyearsago.Shepickedupherpencil,andopenedtothefirstpageofthebarexam,atestforallstudentswantingtobeelicensedlawyers.Liananeverthoughtshewouldwanttobeealawyer.Herparentswerebothartists.Lawwassomethingshehadnotbeenexposedtoasachild.Butartmadeforatumultuouscareer—bothofherparentshadstruggledtofindjobsandworkedroundtheclockwhentheywereyoung.Eventhoughtheyfinallyseemedsuccessfulandhappy,Lianawantedsomethingdifferent.Shewastheanchoronherhighschooldebateteam,andconsistentlyimpressedherpetitorswithheranalyticalthinking.“NeverarguewithMs.Lakes,”herteacherswouldsay.Soshechosetomajorinlaw.Inhermind,shepicturedherselfinaNewYorkCitycourtroom(法庭)dressedinanexpensivesuit,withpapersinherhand,wavingatthejury(陪審團(tuán))inaspeechonhumanrights.Butnow,withthebarexamsittinginfrontofher,shestartedtoworry.“WhatifIdon’tpass?DidIstudyenough?”Herthoughtsracedthroughhermind.Onthefirstpageweresevenparagraphsdetailingalawsituationfollowedbyaseriesofquestions.Lianareadthroughtheparagraphs,andquicklyscribbleddownanexplanationofthefirstquestionbeforemovingontothenextquestion.Thenextfewhourswentlikethisastheclocktickedcloserandclosertothelunchhour.At12:00p.m.sharp,abuzzer(蜂鳴器)soundedandeveryonewastoldtoputdowntheirpencilsandwalkedoutforanhourlonglunchbreak.Atlunch,Lianametherfriend,Kevin.“Howdiditgo?”sheasked.“Tobehonest,I’venoidea.Ijustkeptwriting.”Kevinsaid.Lianalaughedandsaidshefeltthesameway.Afterlunch,thetwoexchangedwordsofencouragement.Theystrolledbackintotheexamcenterabitmorerefreshed.Lianafinishedthesecondhalfoftheexamthatdaywithabetterfeelingthanwhatshestartedwithinthemorning.24.WhatdoweknowaboutthebarexamLianaistaking?A.Itisforsomeonetobeaqualifiedlawyer.B.Ithasmanylawsituationstodescribe.C.Itlastsforhourswithoutstopping.D.Ittakesplaceeverythreeyears.25.“Atumultuouscareer”inParagraph2probablyisacareerthat________.A.haslotsofchancesofsuccessB.needstoworkindifferentcitiesC.isfullofpetitionandhardworkD.demandsmuchprofessionalknowledge26.Lianawantedtobealawyerbecause________.A.shewasgoodatarguinganddebatingB.shewantedtofollowherfriend’sadviceC.shebelieveditwouldbringherarichandhappylifeD.sheaimedtodevoteherselftoprotectinghumanrights27.Attheendoftheexam,Lianafeltmore________.A.nervous B.curiousC.energetic D.confident28.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheWildDream B.ATrueLawyerC.TheBigTest D.AHardChoice【答案】24.A25.C26.A27.D28.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章內(nèi)容主要為描述律師資格考試，這個(gè)為讓某人成為合格律師的重大考試前學(xué)生Liana的情況，以及在考試中Liana和其他學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)，主要為描述律師資格考試這個(gè)重大考試?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Shepickedupherpencil,andopenedtothefirstpageofthebarexam,atestforallstudentswantingtobeelicensedlawyers.（她拿起鉛筆，翻開(kāi)了律師資格考試的第一頁(yè)，這是一個(gè)面向所有想成為執(zhí)業(yè)律師的學(xué)生的考試。）可知Liana參加的律師考試是為了讓某人成為一名合格的律師的考試。故選A。【25題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)下文bothofherparentshadstruggledtofindjobsandworkedroundtheclockwhentheywereyoung.（她的父母都在努力找工作，年輕時(shí)就夜以繼日地工作。）可推理得知Atumultuouscareer是指一個(gè)充滿競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和努力工作的職業(yè)。故選C?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段前面兩句Shewastheanchoronherhighschooldebateteam,andconsistentlyimpressedherpetitorswithheranalyticalthinking.“NeverarguewithMs.Lakes,”herteacherswouldsay.（她是高中辯論隊(duì)的主持人，她的分析思維給對(duì)手留下了深刻的印象?！坝肋h(yuǎn)不要和萊克女士爭(zhēng)論，”她的老師會(huì)說(shuō)。）可知Liana想成為一名律師，因?yàn)樗瞄L(zhǎng)辯論和辯論。故選A?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句Lianafinishedthesecondhalfoftheexamthatdaywithabetterfeelingthanwhatshestartedwithinthemorning.（那天，Liana完成了下半部分的考試，感覺(jué)比早上開(kāi)始時(shí)好多了。）可知在考試結(jié)束時(shí)，Liana感到更加自信了。故選D?！?8題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容主要為描述律師資格考試前學(xué)生Liana的情況，以及在考試中Liana的表現(xiàn)可知主要為描述了律師資格考試這個(gè)重大考試。故選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】細(xì)節(jié)理解題解題方法細(xì)節(jié)理解題屬直接解答性問(wèn)題，是閱讀理解題中最簡(jiǎn)單的一種，多數(shù)屬中低難度的題。但高考所占的比例大，應(yīng)特別引起注意。事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)題的命題特點(diǎn)是：對(duì)文章或某一段落中的一些特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章重要事實(shí)的理解，一般包括直接理解題和語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)化題。直接理解題能在原文直接找到答案，而語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)化題則需要將題目信息與原文信息加工或整理后才能得出結(jié)論。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題具體方法與步驟如下：1.略讀材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。經(jīng)常有新技術(shù)對(duì)將來(lái)人們工作和生活不良影響的預(yù)測(cè)，但事實(shí)證明結(jié)果并不是那樣，我們有必要否定預(yù)測(cè)，以減少人們的恐懼。2.按文章的體裁，作者寫作的組織模式及有關(guān)的信息詞。如forexample,first,second…等預(yù)測(cè)應(yīng)該到何處尋找自己所需要的事實(shí)。3.將精力放在尋找你所需要的細(xì)節(jié)上?？焖偻ㄆx，全文掃視，找到細(xì)節(jié)出處，待找到含細(xì)節(jié)句子時(shí)，放慢速度，仔細(xì)核對(duì)比較內(nèi)容，直至找到答案。如第一小題，根據(jù)第一段最后一句Shepickedupherpencil,andopenedtothefirstpageofthebarexam,atestforallstudentswantingtobeelicensedlawyers.（她拿起鉛筆，翻開(kāi)了律師資格考試的第一頁(yè)，這是一個(gè)面向所有想成為執(zhí)業(yè)律師的學(xué)生的考試。）可知Liana參加的律師考試是為了讓某人成為一名合格的律師的考試。故選A。CEachyear,hundredsofthousandsofwildanimalsaroundtheworldarekilledintrophyhunting—theorganizedshootingofanimalsforpleasure.Thehuntersthenbringpartsoftheanimalhomewiththemastheir“trophy”torememberthehunting.Trophyhunterspaybigmoneytokillanimals.Someofthemoneygoestohelpingwildlifeprotection.Trophyhuntingalsoattractsbusiness,whichencouragespeopletopreservelandandbreed(飼養(yǎng))animalsthatwouldotherwisebeendangered.CathyDean,headoftheSavetheRhinoCharity,saysthatatthestartofthe1900stherewereonly50–100southernwhiterhinos.Now,therearearound18,000.Thisispartlybecausesomeofthemwereraisedspeciallyfortrophyhunting.Butthingsdon’tusuallygoononeway.AccordingtoWWF,elephantpopulationshavefallenfrom1.3milliontojustover400,000sincethe1980s.Overthesameperiod,huntersfromaroundtheworldhavetakenhomemorethan100,000Africanelephanttrophies.Trophyhuntingisnotillegal(非法的)butunfairontheanimals.In2015,CecilthelionwasshotbyaUStrophyhunter.CecilwasabelovedlioninZimbabwe,Africa.Cecilwasluredwithbait(誘餌),shotwithanarrowandstruggledinbloodformorethantenhoursbeforehishunterstrackedandfinishedkillinghim.Hisson,Xanda,metasimilarfatetwoyearslater.Cecil’sdeathcausedworldwideoutrageandprotests(反抗)againsttrophyhunting.CountriesincludingAustralia,FranceandtheNetherlandsbanned(禁止)theimportofliontrophies—theystophuntersfrombeingallowedtobringhomepartsoftheanimaltheykill.Theybelievethatpeoplewillstoptrophyhuntingbecausetheactivitymightloseitsattractionifhunterscan’tbringtheirtrophieshome.TheUKGovernmentsaidthatitwouldconsiderabanontrophyhuntingimportsby2017,butnoactionhadbeentaken.InApril2019,aletterbyprotestersagainsttrophyhuntingwassenttotheUKgovernmentaskingtobantrophyhuntingimports.On7May,theofficialinchargeoftheenvironment,MichaelGove,saidthattheUKwouldnotbantheimportsforthetimebeing.Thislefttheworldinastateofashock.HopefullytheUKwillplaceabanontrophyhuntingimports,whichwouldbeanimportantmessageandinspireotherstotreatanimalsbetter.We’rewaitingforthedaytoe.29.Atrophyhunterusually________.A.killswildanimalsforfoodB.learnsaboutwildlifeinthehuntingC.givesalargeamountofmoneytoprotectwildlifeD.takespartoftheanimalhomeinmemoryofthehunting30.WhydoesthewritermentionCecil’sstoryinParagraph3?A.Toprovetrophyhuntingmakessomeanimalspeciesendangered.B.Toshowhowanimalssufferedpainfullyintrophyhunting.C.ToattachimportancetoprotectingwildlionsinAfrica.D.Topersuadetrophyhunterstohuntinalegalway.31.Whydidsomecountriesbantheimportofliontrophies?32.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardstheUK’sdecisiononthebanoftrophyhuntingimports?【答案】29.D30.B31.Tomakepeoplegiveuptrophyhunting.32.Thewritermightfeelshocked/disappointedat/unsatisfiedwiththeUK’sdecision.【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。每年，世界各地都有成千上萬(wàn)的野生動(dòng)物在有組織的狩獵活動(dòng)中被獵殺。然后獵人把動(dòng)物的一部分帶回家作為他們的“戰(zhàn)利品”來(lái)紀(jì)念狩獵。狩獵戰(zhàn)利品并不違法，但對(duì)動(dòng)物是不公平的。對(duì)此某些國(guó)家已經(jīng)采取禁止對(duì)獅子戰(zhàn)利品的進(jìn)口，來(lái)使人們放棄戰(zhàn)利品狩獵。而英國(guó)政府則暫時(shí)不會(huì)禁止進(jìn)口，這讓作者感到震驚和失望?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Thehuntersthenbringpartsoftheanimalhomewiththemastheir“trophy”torememberthehunting.（然后獵人把部分動(dòng)物帶回家作為他們的“戰(zhàn)利品”來(lái)紀(jì)念狩獵。）可知獵人通常會(huì)把一部分獵物帶回家，以紀(jì)念狩獵。故選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Trophyhuntingisnotillegalbutunfairontheanimals.（戰(zhàn)利品狩獵并不違法，但對(duì)動(dòng)物是不公平的。）接著文章舉出Cecil的故事來(lái)進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明動(dòng)物如何在狩獵中遭受痛苦。故選B?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句CountriesincludingAustralia,FranceandtheNetherlandsbannedtheimportofliontrophies—theystophuntersfrombeingallowedtobringhomepartsoftheanimaltheykill.（包括澳大利亞、法國(guó)和荷蘭在內(nèi)的國(guó)家禁止獅子戰(zhàn)利品的進(jìn)口，他們阻止獵人將他們獵殺的動(dòng)物的部分帶回家。）可知一些國(guó)家禁止獅子戰(zhàn)利品的進(jìn)口是為了使人們放棄戰(zhàn)利品狩獵。故答Tomakepeoplegiveuptrophyhunting.?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Thislefttheworldinastateofashock.HopefullytheUKwillplaceabanontrophyhuntingimports,whichwouldbeanimportantmessageandinspireotherstotreatanimalsbetter.We’rewaitingforthedaytoe.（這讓世界處于震驚的狀態(tài)。希望英國(guó)能禁止狩獵進(jìn)口，這將是一個(gè)重要的信息，并激勵(lì)其他人更好地對(duì)待動(dòng)物。我們?cè)诘却且惶斓牡絹?lái)。）可知對(duì)于英國(guó)政府的決定，作者感到震驚和不滿意。故答Thewritermightfeelshocked/disappointedat/unsatisfiedwiththeUK’sdecision.。DWhenwasthelasttimeyousatonaparkbench(凳子)?Didyoustayforlong?Anewkindofparkbencheswilllimittheamountoftimeyoucansitthere.Ifyoudon’tgetupintime,itcouldbeverypainful:therearemanysharpspikes(釘子)onthepartthatyousiton!Visitorswhowantarestonthebenchneedtoputacoininamachinenexttoit.Oncethemoneywasaccepted,thespikesdisappearintothebench.Thenvisitorscansitdownfortably,butonlyforhalfanhour.Whenthetime’sup,thespikesslowlystartmovingupagain.Itdoesn’thurtatfirst,butafteraminute,theystartingupevenmorequickly.Theyaren’tlongenoughtocauseserioushurt,buttheydocausepain,astestshaveshown.Butwhyhavetheybeeninstalled(安裝)?“Ourpublicparkisverypopularinsummer,”aspokespersonfortheparkexplained.“Butwithallthethousandsofpeoplewhovisitthepark,therearen’tenoughbenchesforeveryone.Wewanttomakesurethatthebenchesaresharedbymorevisitors,andtostoppeopletakingabenchandstayingthereallday.Installingspikesseemstobethefairestwayofstoppingpeopledoingthis.”33.Howisthenewkindofparkbenchdifferentfromotherbenches?34.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?35.Whyarethenewbenchesinstalled?36.Thepassagesays,“Installingspikesseemstobethefairestwayofstoppingpeopledoingthis.”Doyouagreewiththis?Pleasestateyourreasons.【答案】33.Itcanlimittheamountoftimepeoplesitonit(withsharpspikes)./Ifyoudon’tgetupfromitinlimitedtime,itcouldmakeyoupainful./Therearemanysharpspikesonittolimittheamountoftimepeoplesitonit.34.It’smainlyabouthowthenewkindofbencheswork35.They’reinstalledtosolvetheproblemthatsomepeopletakeabenchtoolongandotherscan’tshareit.36.Yes.Ifpeopleareaskedtopayforbenches,theywillnottakeittoolongwhentheydon’treallyneedit.Thus,everyvisitorwillhavethechancetoshareit./No.Benchesinparksshouldbefreetovisitors.Theparkcanbuildmorebenchestosolveitsprobleminsteadoflimitingthetimewhenvisitorshavearestonbenches.【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一種新型公園長(zhǎng)椅，其不同之處在于它上面有很多尖刺，用來(lái)限制人們坐在上面的時(shí)間。安裝這種椅子的目的是為了讓更多的人都能分享到長(zhǎng)椅?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段最后一句Ifyoudon’tgetupintime,itcouldbeverypainful:therearemanysharpspikesonthepartthatyousiton!（如果你沒(méi)有及時(shí)起來(lái)，那將是非常痛苦的:你所坐的部位有許多鋒利的刺!）可知新型公園長(zhǎng)椅與其他長(zhǎng)椅的不同之處在于如果你不能在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)離開(kāi)它，它可能會(huì)讓你痛苦。故答Itcanlimittheamountoftimepeoplesitonit(withsharpspikes)./Ifyoudon’tgetupfromitinlimitedtime,itcouldmakeyoupainful./Therearemanysharpspikesonittolimittheamountoftimepeoplesitonit.?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容Visitorswhowantarestonthebenchneedtoputacoininamachinenexttoit.Oncethemoneywasaccepted,thespikesdisappearintothebench.Thenvisitorscansitdownfortably,butonlyforhalfanhour.Whenthetime’sup,thespikesslowlystartmovingupagain.（想要在長(zhǎng)椅上休息的游客需要在旁邊的機(jī)器里放一枚硬幣。一旦這筆錢被接受，釘子就會(huì)消失在板凳上。然后游客可以舒服地坐下來(lái)，但只能坐半個(gè)小時(shí)。當(dāng)時(shí)間到了，尖峰又開(kāi)始慢慢地向上移動(dòng)。）可知第二段主要介紹了這種新型長(zhǎng)椅是如何工作的，故填I(lǐng)t’smainlyabouthowthenewkindofbencheswork.?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Wewanttomakesurethatthebenchesaresharedbymorevisitors,andtostoppeopletakingabenchandstayingthereallday.（我們希望確保更多的游客可以共享這些長(zhǎng)椅，并阻止人們坐在長(zhǎng)椅上一整天。）可知安裝它們是為了解決有些人坐了太長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的板凳，而有些人卻無(wú)法分享的問(wèn)題。故答They’reinstalledtosolvetheproblemthatsomepeopletakeabenchtoolongandotherscan’tshareit.?！?6題詳解】本題為開(kāi)放性題目，言之有理即可。故可答Yes.Ifpeopleareaskedtopayforbenches,theywillnottakeittoolongwhentheydon’treallyneedit.Thus,everyvisitorwillhavethechancetoshareit./No.Benchesinparksshouldbefreetovisitors.Theparkcanbuildmorebenchestosolveitsprobleminsteadoflimitingthetimewhenvisitorshavearestonbenches.。四、短文填空（共10小題；每小題1分,共10分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Nooneknowsexactly___37___theearthbegan.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebegan___38___a“BigBang”.Thenthedust___39___(settle)intoasolidglobe.Astheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.Many___40___(science)believethatitwasthepresenceofwaterthatallowedtheearthtodissolve___41___(harm)gasesandacidsintooceansandseas,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.Millionsofyearslater,thefirstsmallplantsappearedonthesurfaceofthewater.Theirdevelopment___42___(follow)byearlyshellfish,allsortsoffish,greenplantsandlandanimals.Reptiles___43___(produce)younggenerallybylayingeggswhilemammalsgavebirthtoyoungbabyanimals.Dinosaursexistedontheearthforover140millionyearsbeforetheysuddenlydisappeared.Thereason___44___theydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Finally,humansappearedandspreadallovertheearth.Buttheyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfrom___45___(escape)fromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,peoplebelievetheearthmaybeetoohottoliveon.So___46___lifewillcontinueontheearthwilldependonhowthisproblemcanbesolved.【答案】37.how38.with39.settled40.scientists41.harmful42.wasfollowed43.produced44.why45.escaping46.whether【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章描述了地球上生命如何開(kāi)始的經(jīng)過(guò)?！?7題詳解】考查連接詞。句意：沒(méi)有人確切地知道地球是如何開(kāi)始的。本句為賓語(yǔ)從句，且從句中缺少方式狀語(yǔ)，故填how。【38題詳解】考查介詞。句意：然而，根據(jù)一個(gè)被廣泛接受的理論，宇宙始于一次“大爆炸”。短語(yǔ)beginwith“以……開(kāi)始；開(kāi)始于……”故填with?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：然后塵埃落進(jìn)了一個(gè)堅(jiān)固的球體。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知為描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填settled?！?0題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：許多科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，正是水的存在使地球能夠?qū)⒂泻怏w和酸溶解到海洋中，從而使生命得以發(fā)展。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)填scientist“科學(xué)家”且由many修飾，故填名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式scientists?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞。gases為名詞需要形容詞修飾，故填harmful?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：他們的發(fā)展之后，早期貝類，各種魚類，綠色植物和陸地動(dòng)物。描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)development與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)wasfollowed?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：爬行動(dòng)物通常通過(guò)產(chǎn)卵繁殖后代，而哺乳動(dòng)物則生下幼小動(dòng)物寶寶。根據(jù)下文mammalsgavebirthtoyoungbabyanimals可知應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填produced?！?4題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意：他們消失的原因仍然是個(gè)謎。固定句型thereasonwhy…表示“……的原因”，reason后的句子為定語(yǔ)從句，從句缺狀語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系副詞why?！?5題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：但是他們向大氣中排放了太多的二氧化碳，這阻止了熱量從地球逃逸到太空。from為介詞后跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，故填escaping?！?6題詳解】考查連接詞。句意：因此，地球上的生命能否繼續(xù)將取決于如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。本句為主語(yǔ)從句，從句中不缺少成分，且表示“是否”，故填whether?！军c(diǎn)睛】名詞性從句關(guān)鍵在于三點(diǎn)：一、找準(zhǔn)從句在主句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞旨捶殖鍪敲~性從句的主語(yǔ)句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句還是同位語(yǔ)從句。二、連接詞從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑ㄖ?、賓、定或狀語(yǔ)或不做任何成分）三、弄清楚每個(gè)連接詞的意義。此外還要注意，近年來(lái)高考對(duì)于名詞性從句的考查多從名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序和連接詞的用法區(qū)別上考查。如第1小題考查的是賓語(yǔ)從句，本句為賓語(yǔ)從句，且從句中缺少方式狀語(yǔ)，故填how。第10小題考查主語(yǔ)從句，從句中不缺少任何成分，由此可斷定用that/if/whether，結(jié)合句意可知，需用表達(dá)“是否”意思的連接詞，that無(wú)意義，因此斷定用if/whether。五、完成句子（共7小題；每小題1分,共7分）根據(jù)每小題的中文提示，用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~組完成英文句子。47.越來(lái)越多的青年人開(kāi)始關(guān)注野生動(dòng)物的保護(hù)。Anincreasingnumberofyoungpeoplebeganto__________________thewildlifeprotection.48.我對(duì)這首歌很熟悉。I____________________thesong.49.春天來(lái)了，我們期待著一起去郊游。Springising.We__________________________aschoolouting.50.不要忘記提醒Tom下午的會(huì)議。Don’tforgetto____________________thisafternoon.51.現(xiàn)在這個(gè)年輕小伙子通過(guò)做銷售謀生。Theyoungman____________________bybeingasalesman.52.John的父母在他小時(shí)就去世了，所以他是由奶奶撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大的。John’sparentsdiedwhenhewasalittlechild,sohe______________________byhisgrandma.53.她為自己的兩個(gè)孩子都有音樂(lè)天賦而自豪。Shewasproudthatbothherchildren_____________________.【答案】47.payattentionto/attachimportanceto48.am/wasfamiliarwith49.look/arelookingforwardto50.remindTomofthemeeting51.isearning/makinghisliving//earns/