2024屆內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)赤峰市高三上學(xué)期一模英語試題（含答案解析）

赤峰市高三年級(jí)1·30模擬考試試題英語注意事項(xiàng)：1.本試卷分筆試和聽力兩部分。考生先作答筆試部分(21小題開始)，然后作答聽力部分(1—20小題)。答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、座位號(hào)涂寫在答題卡上。本試卷滿分150分。2.考生將筆試部分答案寫在英語筆試答題卡上，聽力部分答案寫在英語聽力答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。筆試部分一、閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AForthestudents,researchersorsimpleloversofknowledgeandart,itisaprivilegetohaveafreevirtuallibraryathand,beingabletodownloadimportanttextswithoutspendingasingledollar.◆InternetArchiveItisanon-profitdigitallibrarycreatedin1996byBrewsterKahle.Inadditiontomillionsofbooksavailabletothegeneralpublic,italsohostsalargenumberofvideo(movies),audio(music)andsoftwarefiles,etc.Itisnotnecessarytoregistertoaccesstheinformation,soanyusercaneasilyviewanddownloadit,althoughthosewhodecidetoregisterobtainotherbenefitssuchasaccesstomorethan1.3millioncopyrightede-books.◆InfoBooksRead,Learn,Grow…isthesloganofthedigitallibrary.Itisdividedintothreesectionstofacilitatethesearchforcontent,andthefirstcalled“Bestbookstoread”focusesonaspecialcollectionofvarioustopicsclassifiedbyfamousauthors.Thesecondis“Freebooksandtexts”,whereyouwillfindpublicdomainliteraturethatyoucandownload,andthethirdsectioncontainsresourcestoimproveyourreading.◆ProjectGutenbergProjectGutenbergisasitethathasavailablesixtythousand“free”booksthatarefreeofcopyrightsotospeak,sincetherightsaccordingtocertainlawshaveexpiredinthiscase.Thatiswhytheycanbedownloadedwithtotalpeaceofmind.TheProjectGutenbergalsohasanOpenAudiobookCollection,almost5,000titlesfrom2023,viaaProjectGutenbergcollaborationwithMicrosoftandMIT.Theseuseneuraltext-to-speechtechnologyformorenatural-soundingcomputer-generatedaudiobooks.Theseaudiobooksarealsoavailableonmajormusic/podcastplatforms.1.WhatmostattractsuserstoInternetAchive?A.Privatesoftwarefiles.B.Easyaccesstoplentyofe-books.C.Classicmusicoflimitededition.D.Variousmoviesofauthorizededition.2.HowcanwefindtheworksofMarkTwainmostprecisely?A.SearchInfoBooks,Section1online.B.E-mailBrewsterKahletoobtaindirectly.C.DownloadSoftwarefilesfromInternetAchive.D.WaitfordistributionsfromProjectGutenberg.3.WhatdoesProjectGutenberghaveincommonwithInternetArchive?A.Audioresourcesareprovidedonline.B.Materialscanbeadjustedtodifferentusers.C.Copyrightsofsomebooksareoutofdate.D.Theyprovidereadingstrategiestraining.【答案】1.B2.A3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章簡(jiǎn)要介紹了三個(gè)主要免費(fèi)虛擬圖書館?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)InternetArchive中“Inadditiontomillionsofbooksavailabletothegeneralpublic,italsohostsalargenumberofvideo(movies),audio(music)andsoftwarefiles,etc.Itisnotnecessarytoregistertoaccesstheinformation,soanyusercaneasilyviewanddownloadit(除了數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的書籍可供公眾使用外，它還擁有大量的視頻（電影），音頻（音樂）和軟件文件等。訪問信息不需要注冊(cè)，因此任何用戶都可以輕松查看和下載這些信息)”可知，該虛擬圖書館最吸引用戶的地方是無需注冊(cè)，可方便地獲取大量電子書。故選B項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)InfoBooks中“Itisdividedintothreesectionstofacilitatethesearchforcontent,andthefirstcalled“Bestbookstoread”focusesonaspecialcollectionofvarioustopicsclassifiedbyfamousauthors.(為了方便搜索內(nèi)容，它分為三個(gè)部分，第一部分被稱為“最佳閱讀書籍”，重點(diǎn)是按著名作家分類的各種主題的特別收藏)”可知，通過在網(wǎng)上檢索該虛擬圖書館的第一部分，我們可以很準(zhǔn)確地找到馬克·吐溫這樣的著名作家的作品。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)InternetArchive中“Inadditiontomillionsofbooksavailabletothegeneralpublic,italsohostsalargenumberofvideo(movies),audio(music)andsoftwarefiles,etc.(除了數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的書籍可供公眾使用外，它還擁有大量的視頻（電影），音頻（音樂）和軟件文件等)”和ProjectGutenberg中“TheProjectGutenbergalsohasanOpenAudiobookCollection,almost5,000titlesfrom2023,viaaProjectGutenbergcollaborationwithMicrosoftandMIT.(“古騰堡計(jì)劃”也有一個(gè)開放的有聲圖書收藏，通過該計(jì)劃與微軟和麻省理工學(xué)院的合作，從2023年開始有近5000種圖書)”可知，這兩個(gè)虛擬圖書館都在線提供音頻資源。故選A項(xiàng)。BGrowingupontheshoresofLakeHuronintheCanadianprovinceofOntario,RobertBerdanwasneverfarfromwater.Whenhewasinsixthgrade,hereceivedatoymicroscopeforChristmas.Someofthefirstthingshesawthroughitslensweretinycreaturesinsidedropletshe’dgatheredfromalocalpond.Hewasfascinatedwiththemicroorganisms.Aftereighthgrade,Berdanupgradedtoamoreadvancedmodelandrealizeditwasagatewaytoanotherworld.“Thenewmicroscopechangedmylife,”hesays.“Icouldseesomuchmore.”Hebeganstudyingphotographyandbuyingcamerastofitonhismicroscope.Hecapturedimagesofmushrooms,andtrees,andlearnedhowtodevelopfilms.Healsodevelopedhismicroscopyskills,somuchsothatheearnedadoctoraldegreeincellularbiologyandspentfiveyearsrunningalabattheUniversityofAlbertainEdmonton.ButBerdanneverforgothistwoearlypassions—beinginvolvedinnatureandphotographingitstinydetails—andhedecidedtoreturntothem.Hissubjectsrangefromsnowflakestosprucetrees.Toseethelatterunderamicroscope,Berdancollectsasmallbranchandusesspecializedtoolstoshaveoffpaper-thinslices,whichhedyesredorblue.Forthefinalimages,heoftenusesaprocesscalledfocusstacking,inwhichsimilarphotoswithdifferentfocalplanesarecombinedtoachieveamoreprofounddepthoffield,andhesometimesstitchesphotostogethertocreatepanoramas,animpressiveviewofawidearea.“Iinvestigateanythingthatmighthavepossibilities,”hesays.Andheencouragesotherstodothesamewithamicroscope.“Anytoolthatamplifies(放大)ourabilitytoseewillenhanceourcreativity,”henotes.“Ourobservationscanpotentiallyleadtonewdiscoveriesandsolutions.”4.HowdidBerdanfindhisfirstexperienceofusingmicroscope?A.Upsetting. B.Amusing. C.Engaging. D.Shocking.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutBerdanfromparagraph3?A.Berdancreatesspecialimageswithoutanyeffort.B.Berdanachievesgreatsuccessinbiology.C.Berdanhashisuniquewaytousemicroscope.D.Berdenhasalwaysbeenkeenonhischildhoodinterests.6.WhatdoesBerdanwanttohighlightinthelastparagraph?A.Thestrongpowerofcreativityinourdailylife.B.Ourcreativitytobeenhancedbylargetools.C.Theimportantrolethatobservationsplayinourlife.D.Everythingispossiblethroughcarefulinvestigations.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesRobertBerdan?A.Creativebutstubborn. B.Ambitiousbutcareless.C.Skillfulandconsiderate. D.Persistentandencouraging.【答案】4.C5.D6.C7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Berdan在加拿大安大略省休倫湖畔長(zhǎng)大，從小對(duì)水和其中的微生物充滿好奇。六年級(jí)時(shí)，他收到了一臺(tái)玩具顯微鏡，開始觀察微觀世界。他鼓勵(lì)其他人也使用顯微鏡，認(rèn)為這樣的工具能夠增強(qiáng)我們的觀察能力，激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力，并可能導(dǎo)致新的發(fā)現(xiàn)和解決方案。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Whenhewasinsixthgrade,hereceivedatoymicroscopeforChristmas.Someofthefirstthingshesawthroughitslensweretinycreaturesinsidedropletshe’dgatheredfromalocalpond.Hewasfascinatedwiththemicroorganisms.(他六年級(jí)時(shí)，圣誕節(jié)收到了一個(gè)玩具顯微鏡。他通過它的鏡頭最先看到的一些東西是他從當(dāng)?shù)爻靥潦占乃沃械奈⑿∩铩Ｋ麑?duì)微生物著迷)”可推知，Berdan認(rèn)為他第一次使用顯微鏡的經(jīng)驗(yàn)的是非常吸引人的。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“ButBerdanneverforgothistwoearlypassions—beinginvolvedinnatureandphotographingitstinydetails—andhedecidedtoreturntothem.

(但貝爾丹從未忘記他早期的兩種愛好——參與大自然和拍攝大自然的微小細(xì)節(jié)——他決定回歸它們)”可知，Berdan并沒有忘記他早期的兩個(gè)愛好。由此可知，Berdan一直熱衷于他兒時(shí)的興趣愛好。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段““Iinvestigateanythingthatmighthavepossibilities,”hesays.Andheencouragesotherstodothesamewithamicroscope.“Anytoolthatamplifies(放大)ourabilitytoseewillenhanceourcreativity,”henotes.“Ourobservationscanpotentiallyleadtonewdiscoveriesandsolutions.”(“我會(huì)調(diào)查任何可能的事情，”他說。他鼓勵(lì)其他人用顯微鏡也這樣做。他指出：“任何能增強(qiáng)我們視覺能力的工具都會(huì)增強(qiáng)我們的創(chuàng)造力?！??！拔覀兊挠^察可能會(huì)帶來新的發(fā)現(xiàn)和解決方案。”)”可知，Berdan想要強(qiáng)調(diào)觀察在我們生活中的重要作用。故選C。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“ButBerdanneverforgothistwoearlypassions—beinginvolvedinnatureandphotographingitstinydetails—andhedecidedtoreturntothem.

(但貝爾丹從未忘記他早期的兩種愛好——參與大自然和拍攝大自然的微小細(xì)節(jié)——他決定回歸它們)”以及最后一段““Iinvestigateanythingthatmighthavepossibilities,”hesays.Andheencouragesotherstodothesamewithamicroscope.“Anytoolthatamplifies(放大)ourabilitytoseewillenhanceourcreativity,”henotes.“Ourobservationscanpotentiallyleadtonewdiscoveriesandsolutions.”(“我會(huì)調(diào)查任何可能的事情，”他說。他鼓勵(lì)其他人用顯微鏡也這樣做。他指出：“任何能增強(qiáng)我們視覺能力的工具都會(huì)增強(qiáng)我們的創(chuàng)造力。”。“我們的觀察可能會(huì)帶來新的發(fā)現(xiàn)和解決方案。”)”推知，Berdan是一個(gè)堅(jiān)持不懈的人，鼓舞人心的人。故選D。CTherainforestsarealivewiththesoundofanimals.Besidesthepleasureofthenoise,itisalsousefultoecologists.Ifyouwanttomeasurethebiodiversityofapieceofland,listeningoutforanimalcallsismucheasierthansearchingintheundergrowthfortracks.Butsuch“bioacoustics(生物聲音的)analysis”isstilltime-consuming,anditrequiresanexpertpairofears.InapaperpublishedonOctober17th,agroupofresearchersledbyJorgMüller,anecologistattheUniversityofWürzburg,describeabetterway:haveacomputerdothejob.Smartphoneappsalreadyexistthatwillidentifybirds,batsormammalssimplybylisteningtothesoundstheymake.Theirideawastoapplytheprincipletoconservationwork.Theresearcherstookrecordingsfromacross43sitesintheEcuadoreanrainforest.Somesiteswererelativelyclean,old-growthforest.Otherswereareasthathadrecentlybeenclearedforpastureorcacaoplanting.Andsomehadbeenclearedbutthenabandoned,allowingtheforesttoregrow.Soundrecordingsweretakenfourtimeseveryhour,overtwoweeks.Thevariouscallswereidentifiedmanuallybyanexpert,andthenusedtoconstructalistofthespeciespresent.Asexpected,thelongerthelandhadbeenfreefromagriculturalactivity,thegreaterthebio-diversityithosted.Thenitwasthecomputer’sturn.Theresearchersfedtheirrecordingstoartificialintelligencemodelsthathadbeentrained,usingsoundsamplesfromelsewhereinEcuador,toidentify75birdspeciesfromtheircalls.“WefoundthattheAItoolscouldidentifythesoundsaswellastheexperts,”saysDrMüller.Ofcourse,noteverythinginarain-forestmakesanoise.DrMüllerandhiscolleaguesusedlight-trapstocapturenight-flyinginsects,andDNAanalysistoidentifythem.Reassuringly,theyfoundthatthediversityofnoisyanimalswasareliableindicatorofthediversityofquieterones,suggestingthatthismethodcouldbeusedtomonitortheeffectivenessofreforestationprojects.Thestudy,publishedinNatureCommunications,couldhaveimplicationsbeyondecology.CompaniessuchasL’OrealandShellhavebeeninvestinginforestrestorationprojectsworldwide.DrMüllersuggeststhatthisautomatedapproachcouldprovideastandardizedwaytomonitortheseeffortsandverifywhethertheyareassuccessfulasclaimed.8.Whatinformationdoesparagraph1provideabout“bioacousticanalysis”?A.Itrequiresspecialskillandtime. B.Itcanonlybeperformedonland.C.Itassessesbiodiversityeasily. D.Itmakesanimalcallsattractive.9.Whatdoes“thejob”underlinedinparagraph2referto?A.Describinghowtheresearchwasconducted. B.Protectingthebirdsandmammalsfromdanger.C.Measuringthebiodiversityofapieceofland. D.Monitoringhowthesmartphoneworks.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraphs4?A.Biodiversitycanbeenhancedbyminimizingagriculturalactivities.B.Bothlight-trapsandsoundrecordingscanbeusedtoidentifynoisyanimals.C.Thelargernumberofnoisyanimals,thesmallernumberofquieterones.D.Altoolscouldpotentiallybeusedtomonitoragriculturedevelopment.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ProtectaForest’sInhabitantsbyListening B.IdentifytheCallsoftheWildwithAIAidC.PromoteRainforestBiodiversityThroughAI D.FindaWaytoMonitorDeforestationSituation【答案】8.A9.C10.A11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究人員發(fā)明了讓計(jì)算機(jī)來進(jìn)行動(dòng)物聲音識(shí)別的工作，解釋了其工作原理以及應(yīng)用情況?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Butsuch“bioacoustics(生物聲音的)analysis”isstilltime-consuming,anditrequiresanexpertpairofears.(但是這種“生物聲學(xué)分析”仍然很耗時(shí)，而且需要一雙專業(yè)的耳朵)”可知，第一段提到了“生物聲學(xué)分析”需要特殊的技巧和且耗時(shí)。故選A?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“Ifyouwanttomeasurethebiodiversityofapieceofland,listeningoutforanimalcallsismucheasierthansearchingintheundergrowthfortracks.Butsuch“bioacoustics(生物聲音的)analysis”isstilltime-consuming,anditrequiresanexpertpairofears.(如果你想測(cè)量一塊土地的生物多樣性，聽動(dòng)物的叫聲比在灌木叢中尋找足跡要容易得多。但是這種“生物聲學(xué)分析”仍然很耗時(shí)，而且需要一雙專業(yè)的耳朵)”可知，研究人員如今發(fā)現(xiàn)了更好的方法，那就是通過計(jì)算機(jī)來測(cè)量一塊土地的生物多樣性。故劃線詞指的是“測(cè)量一塊土地的生物多樣性”。故選C。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Asexpected,thelongerthelandhadbeenfreefromagriculturalactivity,thegreaterthebio-diversityithosted.(正如預(yù)期的那樣，土地遠(yuǎn)離農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng)的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，它所承載的生物多樣性就越大)”可知，生物多樣性可以通過盡量減少農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng)來增強(qiáng)。故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“InapaperpublishedonOctober17th,agroupofresearchersledbyJorgMüller,anecologistattheUniversityofWürzburg,describeabetterway:haveacomputerdothejob.Smartphoneappsalreadyexistthatwillidentifybirds,batsormammalssimplybylisteningtothesoundstheymake.Theirideawastoapplytheprincipletoconservationwork.(在10月17日發(fā)表的一篇論文中，由維爾茨堡大學(xué)的生態(tài)學(xué)家JorgMüller領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一組研究人員描述了一種更好的方法：讓計(jì)算機(jī)來完成這項(xiàng)工作。智能手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序已經(jīng)可以通過簡(jiǎn)單地聽鳥類、蝙蝠或哺乳動(dòng)物發(fā)出的聲音來識(shí)別它們。他們的想法是將這一原理應(yīng)用于保護(hù)工作)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了研究人員發(fā)明了讓計(jì)算機(jī)來進(jìn)行動(dòng)物聲音識(shí)別的工作，解釋了其工作原理以及應(yīng)用情況。故B選項(xiàng)“用AI輔助識(shí)別野性的呼喚”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。D“Toothlossandgumdisease,whichisinflammation(發(fā)炎)ofthetissuearoundtheteeththatcancauseshrinkage(萎縮)ofthegumsandlooseningoftheteeth,areverycommon,soevaluatingapotentiallinkwithbraindiseasesisincrediblyimportant.Ourstudyfoundthattheseconditionsmayplayaroleinthehealthofthebrainareathatcontrolsthinkingandmemory,givingpeopleanotherreasontotakebettercareoftheirteeth,”saidstudyauthorSatoshiYamaguchi,Ph.D.ofTohokuUniversityinSendai,Japan.Thestudyinvolved172peoplewithanaverageageof67whodidnothavememoryproblemsatthebeginningofthestudy.Researchersfoundthatthenumberofteethandamountofgumdiseasewaslinkedtochangesinthelefthippocampusofthebrain.Forpeoplewithmildgumdisease,havingfewerteethwasassociatedwithafasterrateofbrainshrinkage,whichwasthesameforpeoplewithseveregumdiseasehavingmoreteeth.Afteradjustingforage,researchersfoundthatforpeoplewithmildgumdisease,theincreaseintherateofbrainshrinkageduetoonelesstoothwasequaltonearlyoneyearofbrainaging.Bycontrast,forpeoplewithseveregumdisease,theincreaseinbrainshrinkageduetoonemoretoothwasequalto1.3yearsofbrainaging.“Theseresultshighlighttheimportanceofpreservingthehealthoftheteethandnotjustmaintainingtheteeth,”Yamaguchisaid.ThoughthestudydoesnotprovethatgumdiseaseortoothlosscausesdiseaseslikeAlzheimer’s,itonlyshowsanassociation.Yamaguchiadded,“Futurestudiesareneededwithlargergroupsofpeople.”ThecurrentexperimentinvolvedonlyasmallgroupofpeopleinoneregionofJapan,andthattoofromoneparticularregionoftheworld.12.WhatdoesSatoshiYamaguchi’sresearchfocuson?A.Thereasonforgumdisease.B.Theinfluenceofbrainshrinkage.C.Theadvancesinmemoryimprovement.D.Thelinkbetweendentalhealthandbrain.13.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B.Basictheoriesandresultsofapreviousresearch.C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D.Thedetailedproceduresofthescientificresearch.14.WhatdoesYamaguchisuggestpeopledo?A.Treatabrainproblemwithreplacingteeth.B.Frequentlyvisitthedentiststomaintainteeth.C.Protectgumsandteethintheiroriginalgoodstate.D.Pulloutoneoftheiruniqueteethasastudyobject.15.Whatprobablycanbeinvolvedinthefollow-upstudy?A.Theapplicationinrelatedfields.B.Thefurtherresearchinwiderrange.C.Thedifficultiesofmakingthepreviousstudies.D.Thesuggestionsforpreventingteethdisease.【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，牙齒脫落和牙齦疾病與大腦健康之間存在聯(lián)系，因此研究人員建議人們把牙齦和牙齒保持在原來的良好狀態(tài)，而未來的研究需要在更大的人群中開展以進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證這一關(guān)聯(lián)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中SatoshiYamaguchi所說話“Toothlossandgumdisease,whichisinflammation(發(fā)炎)ofthetissuearoundtheteeththatcancauseshrinkage(萎縮)ofthegumsandlooseningoftheteeth,areverycommon,soevaluatingapotentiallinkwithbraindiseasesisincrediblyimportant.Ourstudyfoundthattheseconditionsmayplayaroleinthehealthofthebrainareathatcontrolsthinkingandmemory,givingpeopleanotherreasontotakebettercareoftheirteeth(牙齒脫落和牙齦疾病非常常見，牙齦疾病是牙齒周圍組織的炎癥，會(huì)導(dǎo)致牙齦萎縮和牙齒松動(dòng)，因此評(píng)估與腦部疾病的潛在聯(lián)系非常重要。我們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些情況可能對(duì)控制思維和記憶的大腦區(qū)域的健康起作用，這給了人們更好地照顧牙齒的另一個(gè)理由)”可知，他的研究關(guān)注的是牙齒健康和大腦之間的聯(lián)系。故選D項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“Forpeoplewithmildgumdisease,havingfewerteethwasassociatedwithafasterrateofbrainshrinkage,whichwasthesameforpeoplewithseveregumdiseasehavingmoreteeth.Afteradjustingforage,researchersfoundthatforpeoplewithmildgumdisease,theincreaseintherateofbrainshrinkageduetoonelesstoothwasequaltonearlyoneyearofbrainaging.Bycontrast,forpeoplewithseveregumdisease,theincreaseinbrainshrinkageduetoonemoretoothwasequalto1.3yearsofbrainaging.(對(duì)于患有輕度牙齦疾病的人來說，牙齒較少與大腦萎縮速度更快有關(guān)，對(duì)于患有嚴(yán)重牙齦疾病但牙齒較多的人來說也是如此。在對(duì)年齡進(jìn)行調(diào)整后，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，對(duì)于患有輕度牙齦疾病的人來說，由于少了一顆牙齒而增加的大腦萎縮率相當(dāng)于近一年的大腦衰老。相比之下，對(duì)于患有嚴(yán)重牙齦疾病的人來說，多一顆牙齒導(dǎo)致的大腦萎縮的增加相當(dāng)于1.3年的大腦衰老)”可知，本段主要介紹了該研究分析數(shù)據(jù)后的具體結(jié)論，提供支撐研究結(jié)果的證據(jù)。故選A項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中Yamaguchi所說的話“Theseresultshighlighttheimportanceofpreservingthehealthoftheteethandnotjustmaintainingtheteeth(這些結(jié)果強(qiáng)調(diào)了保持牙齒健康的重要性，而不僅僅是維護(hù)牙齒)”可知，Yamaguchi認(rèn)為研究結(jié)果顯示了人們應(yīng)當(dāng)保持牙齒健康。由此可知，他會(huì)建議人們把牙齦和牙齒保持在原來的良好狀態(tài)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Yamaguchiadded,“Futurestudiesareneededwithlargergroupsofpeople.”ThecurrentexperimentinvolvedonlyasmallgroupofpeopleinoneregionofJapan,andthattoofromoneparticularregionoftheworld.(Yamaguchi補(bǔ)充說：“未來的研究需要在更大的人群中進(jìn)行?！蹦壳暗膶?shí)驗(yàn)只涉及日本一個(gè)地區(qū)的一小群人，而且也是來自世界上一個(gè)特定的地區(qū))”可知，目前的研究只涉及特定地區(qū)的少部分人群，未來的研究應(yīng)當(dāng)拓展到更大的范圍。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Therearealotoffunandinterestingchemistryprojectsyoucandothatrelatetothewinterholidays.Youcanmakeartificialsnowandicesculptures,designholidaydecorations,andmakecreativegifts.Plus,theseprojectsusecommonhouseholdmaterials.____16____.MakefakesnowDoyouwantawhiteChristmas,butknowitwon’tsnow?Makeinstantsnow!Youcanmakefakesnowusingacommonpolymer.Unlikerealsnow,itdoesn’tmelt.____17____.Thefakesnowisnonpoisonous,feelscooltothetouch,andlookssimilartotherealthing.BuildicesculptureIfyouareintoexploring,makeacolorfulicesculpturewhilelearningabouterosionandfreezingpointdepression.Thisisalsoaperfectprojecttoenjoythebrightcolors,too!Ice,foodcoloring,andsaltaretheonlymaterialsneeded.DevelopChristmastreepreservativeIfyoucelebrateChristmasandhavearealtree,chancesareyouwantittostillhaveallofitsneedlesbythetimetheholidayarrives.____18____,mixingasplashofreallemonade,limeadeororangejuicewithwater.MakingyourownChristmastreepreservativecanhelpkeepyourtreefrombecomingafirerisk.Meanwhile,italsosavesyouquiteabitofmoneyoverbuyingacommercialone.____19____Youcangrowcrystalornamentswithjustafewsimpleingredients(water,salt,vinegar,foodcoloring…)andahandfulofpipecleaners!Asnowflakeisaneasyshapetoproduce,butyoucouldmakeacrystalstarorbelloranyholidayshapeyoulike.Produceyourownholidaygiftwrap____20____,whichcanbeusedasholidaygiftwrap.Oneofitsinterestingfeaturesisyoucanmakeitscentedaswellascolored.Peppermint,cinnamon,orpinewouldsmellparticularlyseasonal.A.CreateaspecialdecorationB.DiscoversomeexceptionalingredientsC.YoucanusecommonhouseholdingredientsD.Soyoudon’tneedtobeachemisttotrythemoutE.Nevertheless,therearevariousChristmastreesforyoutochooseF.YoucanlearnaboutsurfaceswhilemakingyourownmarbledpaperG.Thisactivityiseasyenoughforyoutocreatehoursofexcitingpretendplay【答案】16.D17.G18.C19.A20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何利用一些材料來制作節(jié)日裝飾?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Therearealotoffunandinterestingchemistryprojectsyoucandothatrelatetothewinterholidays.Youcanmakeartificialsnowandicesculptures,designholidaydecorations,andmakecreativegifts.Plus,theseprojectsusecommonhouseholdmaterials.(寒假里你可以做很多有趣的化學(xué)項(xiàng)目。你可以制作人造雪雕和冰雕，設(shè)計(jì)節(jié)日裝飾，制作創(chuàng)意禮物。此外，這些項(xiàng)目使用普通的家居材料)”可知，上文提到使用的是普通的家居材料，故本句與上文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，指出材料具有安全性，不需要專業(yè)人士也能使用。故D選項(xiàng)“所以你不需要成為一個(gè)化學(xué)家來嘗試它們”符合語境，故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“DoyouwantawhiteChristmas,butknowitwon’tsnow?Makeinstantsnow!Youcanmakefakesnowusingacommonpolymer.Unlikerealsnow,itdoesn’tmelt.(你想要一個(gè)白色的圣誕節(jié)嗎，但知道不會(huì)下雪?立即造雪!你可以用一種普通的聚合物制造假雪。不像真正的雪，它不會(huì)融化)”以及后文“Thefakesnowisnonpoisonous,feelscooltothetouch,andlookssimilartotherealthing.(這種假雪是無毒的，摸起來很涼爽，看起來和真雪很像)”可知，上文提到了這種雪不容易融化，故本句與后文并列，都是在說明玩耍這種假雪的好處。故G選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)活動(dòng)很容易，你可以創(chuàng)造幾個(gè)小時(shí)令人興奮的假裝游戲”符合語境，故選G?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“mixingasplashofreallemonade,limeadeororangejuicewithwater(將少許檸檬水、檸檬汁或橙汁與水混合)”可知，后文主要說明了利用家庭食材來制作圣誕樹，故C選項(xiàng)“你可以用普通的家庭食材”符合語境，故選C?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Youcangrowcrystalornamentswithjustafewsimpleingredients(water,salt,vinegar,foodcoloring…)andahandfulofpipecleaners!Asnowflakeisaneasyshapetoproduce,butyoucouldmakeacrystalstarorbelloranyholidayshapeyoulike.(你可以用一些簡(jiǎn)單的材料（水、鹽、醋、食用色素……）和一把煙斗清潔器來種植水晶飾品！雪花是一種容易制作的形狀，但你可以制作水晶星星或鈴鐺或任何你喜歡的節(jié)日形狀)”可知，本段主要介紹了如何制作裝飾。故A選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造一個(gè)特別的裝飾”符合語境，故選A。【20題詳解】根據(jù)后文“whichcanbeusedasholidaygiftwrap.Oneofitsinterestingfeaturesisyoucanmakeitscentedaswellascolored.Peppermint,cinnamon,orpinewouldsmellparticularlyseasonal.(可以用作節(jié)日禮品包裝。它的一個(gè)有趣的特點(diǎn)是你可以使它有香味和顏色。薄荷、肉桂或松木的味道特別應(yīng)季)”可知，本句主要是在說明可以用作禮品包裝的材料。故F選項(xiàng)“你可以在制作自己的大理石紋紙時(shí)了解表面”符合語境，后文which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾marbledpaper。故選F。二、語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面的短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Oneday,agirlcameuponacocoon(繭),andshecouldtellthatabutterflywastryingtohatch.Shewaitedand____21____thebutterflystruggleforhourstoreleaseitselffromthetinyhole.Allofasudden,thebutterflystoppedmoving—itseemedtobe____22____.Thegirlthendecidedto____23____togetthebutterflyout.Shewenthometogetapairofscissorstocutopenthecocoon.Thebutterflywastheneasilyableto____24____,however,itsbodywasswollenanditswingswere____25____.Thegirlstillthoughtshehadgiventhebutterflya(an)____26____,andcontinuedtowatchit,____27____thatanyminutethewingswouldenlargeandexpandenoughtosupportthebody.____28____happened!Thebutterflywasunabletofly,andforthe____29____ofitslife,itcouldonlymovebycrawlingaround_____30_____withlittlewingsandalargebody.Despitethegirl’sgood_____31_____,shedidn’tunderstandthattherestrictionofthebutterfly’scocoon_____32_____animportantpurpose.Infact,thebutterflyhadto_____33_____thestruggleinordertomakeanescape.Asbutterfliesemergefrom_____34_____cocoons,thefluidfromtheirbodyisforcedintotheir_____35_____topreparethemtobeabletofly.Similarly,therearedayswhenwe_____36_____challenges,preventingusfrommovingforward.However,thechallengeswefacealongthewayaremeanttotestifwe’remadeofstronger_____37_____,nottomakeusquit.Theywill_____38_____thebestinusandmakeusfly.Anyonewhorefusestomakeaneffort,orgetsthe_____39_____sortofhelp,isleftunpreparedtofightthenext_____40_____andnevermanagestoflyofftohisdestiny.21.A.experienced B.found C.enjoyed D.observed22.A.asleep B.bored C.stuck D.lost23.A.help B.order C.instruct D.follow24.A.wake B.escape C.play D.dance25.A.unfriendly B.undervalued C.underdeveloped D.uncovered26.A.eye B.arm C.hand D.thumb27.A.making B.expecting C.demanding D.searching28.A.All B.Neither C.That D.Either29.A.joy B.fame C.rest D.story30.A.secretly B.quickly C.easily D.awkwardly31.A.intentions B.reflections C.discoveries D.memories32.A.improved B.completed C.served D.created33.A.makeup B.lookthrough C.gothrough D.giveup34.A.tight B.dangerous C.updated D.bright35.A.nerves B.wings C.brains D.breasts36.A.explore B.control C.measure D.encounter37.A.exercise B.stuff C.gratitude D.knowledge38.A.checkout B.bringout C.bringdown D.checkoff39.A.wrong B.normal C.critical D.inner40.A.complaint B.conflict C.battle D.injustice【答案】21.D22.C23.A24.B25.C26.C27.B28.B29.C30.D31.A32.C33.C34.A35.B36.D37.B38.B39.A40.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述了女孩出于好心幫助蝴蝶破繭而出，卻導(dǎo)致蝴蝶無法飛翔的故事。通過蝴蝶的成長(zhǎng)過程，暗示了人們?cè)诿鎸?duì)挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)，需要經(jīng)歷掙扎和磨練，才能成長(zhǎng)和飛翔?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她等待著，觀察著蝴蝶掙扎了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)才從那個(gè)小洞里出來。A.experienced經(jīng)歷；B.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.enjoyed享受；D.observed觀察。根據(jù)下文“thebutterflystruggleforhourstoreleaseitselffromthetinyhole.”可知，女孩一直在觀察蝴蝶。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：突然，蝴蝶停止了移動(dòng)——它似乎被卡住了。A.asleep睡著的；B.bored無聊的；C.stuck卡住的；D.lost迷路的。根據(jù)上文“thebutterflystoppedmoving”和下文“Shewenthometogetapairofscissorstocutopenthecocoon.”可知，蝴蝶被卡住，停止了移動(dòng)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：女孩于是決定幫忙把蝴蝶弄出來。她回家拿了一把剪刀把繭剪開。A.help幫助；B.order命令；C.instruct指導(dǎo)；D.follow跟隨。根據(jù)下文“Shewenthometogetapairofscissorstocutopenthecocoon.”可知，女孩要幫助蝴蝶從繭里出來。故選A項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這只蝴蝶很容易就逃脫了，但是它的身體腫脹，翅膀發(fā)育不全。A.wake醒來；B.escape逃脫；C.play玩；D.dance跳舞。根據(jù)上文“cutopenthecocoon”可推知，繭被剪開，蝴蝶很容易就逃脫了束縛。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這只蝴蝶很容易就逃脫了，但是它的身體腫脹，翅膀發(fā)育不全。A.unfriendly不友好的；B.undervalued低估的；C.underdeveloped發(fā)育不全的；D.uncovered未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的。根據(jù)下文“andcontinuedtowatchit,7thatanyminutethewingswouldenlargeandexpandenoughtosupportthebody.”可知，這只蝴蝶的翅膀很小，不足以支撐它的身體，說明翅膀發(fā)育不全。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：女孩仍然認(rèn)為她給予了蝴蝶幫助，并繼續(xù)觀察著它，期待著它的翅膀隨時(shí)會(huì)變大展開，足以支撐起身體。A.eye眼睛；B.arm手臂；C.hand幫助；D.thumb拇指。根據(jù)上文“Thegirlthendecidedto3togetthebutterflyout.Shewenthometogetapairofscissorstocutopenthecocoon.”可知，女孩的本意是幫忙，所以她一直以為自己幫助了蝴蝶。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：女孩仍然認(rèn)為她給予了蝴蝶幫助，并繼續(xù)觀察著它，期待著它的翅膀隨時(shí)會(huì)變大展開，足以支撐起身體。A.making制作；B.expecting期望；C.demanding要求；D.searching尋找。根據(jù)上文“continuedtowatchit”可推知，女孩繼續(xù)觀察蝴蝶，在期待它翅膀會(huì)變大，展開。故選B項(xiàng)。【28題詳解】考查代詞詞義辨析。句意：兩件事情都沒有發(fā)生!A.All所有；B.Neither(兩者中)無一個(gè)；C.That那個(gè)；D.Either或者。根據(jù)下文“Thebutterflywasunabletofly”可知，女孩原本期待蝴蝶的翅膀會(huì)變大，并展開支撐起身體，但兩件事情都沒有發(fā)生，蝴蝶根本不能飛；用不定代詞neither作主語，表示對(duì)兩者的否定。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這只蝴蝶不會(huì)飛，在它的余生中，它只能用小小的翅膀和巨大的身體笨拙地爬行。A.joy快樂；B.fame名聲；C.rest剩余部分；D.story故事。根據(jù)上文“Thebutterflywasunabletofly”和下文“itcouldonlymovebycrawling”可知，蝴蝶根本不能飛，在它的余生中只能爬行；therestofitslife“它的余生”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這只蝴蝶不會(huì)飛，在它的余生中，它只能用小小的翅膀和巨大的身體笨拙地爬行。A.secretly秘密地；B.quickly快速地；C.easily容易地；D.awkwardly笨拙地。根據(jù)下文“withlittlewingsandalargebody”可知，蝴蝶身體