2024屆河南省高中畢業(yè)班階段性測試（八）英語試題（含答案解析）

2023—2024學(xué)年高中畢業(yè)班階段性測試(八)英語第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有2分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.What’sBobbygoingtodo?A.Gotoschool.B.Cookameal.C.Goshopping.2.What’stheman’sjobabout?A.Publichealth.B.Computerscience.C.Internationaltrade.3.WhatcolourT-shirtwillthemantake?A.Aredone.B.Apurpleone.C.Ablackone.4.What’stheconversationmainlyabout?A.WeChatexpressions.B.Socialmedia.C.Onlineconversations.5.Whenwillthemanhaveajobinterview?A.NextMonday.B.NextTuesday.C.NextWednesday.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatwouldthewomanliketobe?A.Ajournalist.B.Ateacher.C.Adoctor.7.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Whytheyshouldstudy.B.Inwhichcitytheyshouldwork.C.Whichjobtheyshouldtake.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.WhyisVikramsohappy?A.Hejustgotaprize.B.Hefinishedapicture.C.Hesawbeautifulscenes.9.WheredoesVikramprefertosit?A.Inthefront.B.Nearthewindow.C.Aroundthetable.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whattypeofroomhasthemanreserved?A.Asingleroom.B.Adoubleroom.C.Asmokingroom.11.Whichroomdoesthemanreceive?A.Room402.B.Room412.C.Room420.12.Whycan’tthemanentertheroomrightnow?A.Checkinstartsat2o’clock.B.Theroomneedsrepairing.C.Theroomisnotready.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplaceprobably?A.Inashop.B.Inahotel.C.Inarestaurant.14.What’stheman’smistake?A.Heforgottobringsomegifts.B.Heforgotanimportantmeeting.C.Heforgothiswife’sbirthday.15.Howmuchmoneydoesthemanhavewithhimnow?A.$12.B.$12.32.C.$22.32.16.What’sthewoman’sadviceforthemanthisweekend?A.Playinggolf.B.EatingatMcDonalds.C.Stayingwithhiswife.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatis“BushTucker”?A.Akindofdiet.B.Thenameofahunter.C.Thenameofaplant.18.WhatcausedthepopulationofAboriginalAustralianstodecreasegreatly?A.Hunger.B.Diseases.C.Conflicts.19.Whatcanwelearnaboutthe“StolenChildren”?A.Theywerewelltakencareof.B.Theyweresoldandboughtfreely.C.Theycouldn’tlivewiththeirparents.20.What’sAboriginalAustralians’lifeliketoday?A.Theyhaveequalrights.B.Theyliveonreserves.C.Theyhavenoland.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ASkateWestgateNov.3rd—Dec.28th●Admission:$22Kids&adultsareinvitedtopartakeinatimelessholidaytradition—outdoorice-skatingonourrealicerink!Whetheryou’reaprofessionalskaterorwearingskatesforthefirsttime,youarewelcome.SkateWestgatewillbeopenfromNovember3rdthroughDecember28th,withhoursvaryingeachday.Posers!AnArtInstallationNov.16th—Nov.30th●Admission:$15●Time:3pm—5pmPeterLeue,awoodandmixedmediaartistfor5decades,bringswoodtolifewithhisfascinatingarttools.Posers!Aseriesofwoodsculpturesthattakeonthetrappings(裝飾)ofreallifewillbeonexhibitinHaggertyPlazafromNovember16ththroughthe30th.JoinPeterandhisPosersforaninteractiveopeningceremonyonNovember16thfrom3pmto7pm.Childrenunder12areadmittedfree.Candlelight:Vivaldi’sFourSeasons&MoreNov10th●Admission:$12●Time:6:30pm—11:00pmCandlelightconcertsbringthemagicofalive,multi-sensorymusicalexperiencetoawe-inspiringlocationslikeneverseenbeforeinTucson.GetyourticketsnowtodiscoverthemusicofVivaldiatGraceStPaul’sEpiscopalChurchunderthegentleglowofcandlelight.Agerequirement:8yearsoldorolder.Anyoneundertheageof16mustbeaccompaniedbyanadult.OakCreekArtsandCraftsShowNov.16th—Dec.31st●Admission:$10●Time:9am—5pmArtsandcraftsloverscelebratethereturnoftheOakCreekArtsandCraftsShowatSedonaVistaVillage.Ourshowsareverypopularwithlocalsandvisitors.Infact,wehaveanotherlocationinSedona,Arizonajusttoshowcaseallworksoftheartists.Shoppingisatitsfinestwithpaintings,photography,pottery,jewelryandNativeAmericanart.1.WhatdoweknowaboutSkateWestgate?A.Itadmitsskatersofalllevels.B.Itisacompetitiveeventforskaters.C.Ithasafixedopentimeduringtheday.D.Itaskskidstobeaccompaniedbytheirparents.2.What’sspecialabouttheeventinTucsononNovember10th?A.Ittakesplaceintheopenair.B.Itchargesthehighestadmission.C.Itfocusesonbothmusicandfinearts.D.Ithasagelimitsforitsparticipants.3.Wherecanyouexpecttointeractwithawell-knownartist?A.AtSkateWestgate. B.AtHaggertyPlaza.C.AtEpiscopalChurch. D.AtSedonaVistaVillage.【答案】1.A2.D3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了四種文體活動的具體信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SkateWestgate中關(guān)鍵句“Whetheryou’reaprofessionalskaterorwearingskatesforthefirsttime,youarewelcome.(無論你是專業(yè)滑冰運(yùn)動員還是第一次穿溜冰鞋，我們都?xì)g迎你)”可知，SkateWestgate接納各種水平的滑冰運(yùn)動員。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Candlelight:Vivaldi’sFourSeasons&More中信息“Nov.10th(11月10日)”及關(guān)鍵句“Candlelightconcertsbringthemagicofalive,multi-sensorymusicalexperiencetoawe-inspiringlocationslikeneverseenbeforeinTucson.(燭光音樂會將現(xiàn)場多感官音樂體驗的魔力帶到圖森從未見過的令人敬畏的地方)”及“Agerequirement:8yearsoldorolder.Anyoneundertheageof16mustbeaccompaniedbyanadult.(年齡要求：8歲或以上。16歲以下的人必須由成人陪同)”可知，11月10日在Tucson的是Candlelight活動，它對參與者有年齡限制。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Posers!AnArtInstallation中關(guān)鍵句“PeterLeue,awoodandmixedmediaartistfor5decades,bringswoodtolifewithhisfascinatingarttools.Posers!AseriesofwoodsculpturesthattakeonthetrappingsofreallifewillbeonexhibitinHaggertyPlazafromNovember16ththroughthe30th.JoinPeterandhisPosersforaninteractiveopeningceremonyonNovember16thfrom3pmto7pm.(PeterLeue是一位從事木材和混合媒體藝術(shù)50年的藝術(shù)家，他用他迷人的藝術(shù)工具將木材帶入生活。Posers！11月16日至30日，一系列具有現(xiàn)實(shí)生活特征的木雕將在哈格蒂廣場展出。11月16日下午3點(diǎn)到7點(diǎn)，加入Peter和他的Posers的互動開幕式)”可知，想要與知名藝術(shù)家互動，可以去哈格蒂廣場。故選B。BProtectingandservingismorethancheckingforimminent(緊急的)danger.OneofficerinSouthHill,Virginia,makesithismissiontomakepeopleofallagesfeelsafeaftergivingtheall-clear,startingwiththeyoungergenerations.Andbecauseofhiskindness,manyparentsandtheirchildrenlookonC.B.Flemingassomethingofasuperhero.28-year-oldMom,LeshaRoper-Boswellsaidthattheneighborhoodkidsneedsomeone“l(fā)argerthanlife”theycandependontoprotectthemandtheirtown,andFlemingfitstherolebeautifully.“He’sawesome.That’stheonlywordyoucanreallyusetodescribeC.B.,”shetoldreporters.“It’sjustamazing—thebondhehaswiththechildren.”Recently,residentsinanapartmentcomplexhadascarewhenemergencycrewscametoinvestigateagasleak.Thoughhecouldhavejustleftthesceneaftermakingsuretheleakwasn’tharmful,OfficerFlemingmadesureeveryoneinthebuildingfeltsafer.Seeingsomekidsplayoutsidewithdolls,hesatdownandjoinedthem,reassuringthemthateverythingwasgoingtobeokay.Thekidswerehappytohaveanotherplaymate,regardlessofhisuniform.Impressedandgrateful,Roper-BoswelltookavideoofthekindactandposteditonFacebook,whereit’sgainedthousandsofviewsfrompeoplelivingalloverthecountry.Fleming,whoiscelebratinghis15thyearontheforce,saidhe’salwaysdesiredtodomorethanfinepeopleforviolating(違反)parkingrules.“It’ssomethingI’vealwaystriedtodo,”hesaidaboutalsolookingoutforthechildren.“WhenIgotintothisjob,Iknewtherewassomethingdifferent,otherthanjustwritingticketsandbeingthe‘bad’personallthetime.IfiguredifIcouldbethatbrightspotinsomeone’sday,thenthatwasallthatmattered.”4.WhatkindofroledidC.B.FlemingplayaccordingtoRoper-Boswell?A.Arisk-taker. B.Asuperhero. C.Adecision-maker. D.Ateacher.5.WhataboutFlemingimpressedRoper-Boswellatthescene?A.Hisdevotiontowork. B.Hisprofessionalskills.C.Hisstrikinguniform. D.Hisconnectionwithkids.6.WhatdoesC.B.Flemingconsideratoppriorityinhislife?A.Bringingjoytopeople. B.Performinghisduties.C.Lookingafterthekids. D.Raisingpeople’sawareness.7.Whichofthefollowingmaybeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.NeighborhoodSparedfromFireThankstoCrewsB.PoliceOfficer’sKindnessRewardedbyResidentsC.PoliceOfficerBecomesHerotoNeighborhoodKidsD.PoliceOfficerAimstoReduceResidents’Violations【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要說明了一名警官C.B.Fleming由于善良得到了孩子們和父母的喜愛，而C.B.Fleming也樂于和孩子們玩耍，給人們帶來快樂。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Andbecauseofhiskindness,manyparentsandtheirchildrenlookonC.B.Flemingassomethingofasuperhero.28-year-oldMom,LeshaRoper-Boswellsaidthattheneighborhoodkidsneedsomeone“l(fā)argerthanlife”theycandependontoprotectthemandtheirtown,andFlemingfitstherolebeautifully.(由于他的善良，許多父母和他們的孩子都把弗萊明看作是超級英雄。28歲的母親蕾莎·羅珀-博斯韋爾說，鄰居的孩子們需要一個“比生命更重要”的人來保護(hù)他們和他們的小鎮(zhèn)，而弗萊明非常適合這個角色)”可知，根據(jù)羅珀-博斯韋爾的說法，弗萊明扮演了超級英雄的角色。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Seeingsomekidsplayoutsidewithdolls,hesatdownandjoinedthem,reassuringthemthateverythingwasgoingtobeokay.Thekidswerehappytohaveanotherplaymate,regardlessofhisuniform.Impressedandgrateful,Roper-BoswelltookavideoofthekindactandposteditonFacebook,whereit’sgainedthousandsofviewsfrompeoplelivingalloverthecountry.(看到一些孩子在外面玩娃娃，他坐下來加入他們，安慰他們一切都會好起來的。孩子們很高興又有了一個玩伴，不管他穿什么制服。羅珀-博斯韋爾留下了深刻的印象和感激之情，他拍下了這一善舉的視頻，并發(fā)布在Facebook上，全國各地的人們觀看了數(shù)千次)”推知，弗萊明在現(xiàn)場與孩子的關(guān)系打動了偌珀-博斯韋爾。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“IfiguredifIcouldbethatbrightspotinsomeone’sday,thenthatwasallthatmattered.(我想，如果我能成為別人生活中的亮點(diǎn)，那才是最重要的)”可知，弗萊明認(rèn)為他生命中最重要的是給人們帶來快樂。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Protectingandservingismorethancheckingforimminent(緊急的)danger.OneofficerinSouthHill,Virginia,makesithismissiontomakepeopleofallagesfeelsafeaftergivingtheall-clear,startingwiththeyoungergenerations.(保護(hù)和服務(wù)不僅僅是檢查迫在眉睫的危險。弗吉尼亞州南山的一名警官把讓所有年齡段的人都感到安全作為自己的使命，從年輕一代開始)”和第二段“Andbecauseofhiskindness,manyparentsandtheirchildrenlookonC.B.Flemingassomethingofasuperhero.28-year-oldMom,LeshaRoper-Boswellsaidthattheneighborhoodkidsneedsomeone“l(fā)argerthanlife”theycandependontoprotectthemandtheirtown,andFlemingfitstherolebeautifully.(由于他的善良，許多父母和他們的孩子都把弗萊明看作是超級英雄。28歲的母親蕾莎·羅珀-博斯韋爾說，鄰居的孩子們需要一個“比生命更重要”的人來保護(hù)他們和他們的小鎮(zhèn)，而弗萊明非常適合這個角色)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了一名警官C.B.Fleming由于善良得到了孩子們和父母的喜愛，而C.B.Fleming也樂于和孩子們玩耍，給人們帶來快樂可知，C選項“警官成為鄰里孩子的英雄”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。CNostalgia(懷舊)isapowerfulemotionthatcanbeemployedtocreateastrongemotionalconnectionbetweenabrandanditsaudience.Bytappingintothefondmemoriesandpositiveassociationsthatpeoplehavewithaparticularbrand,marketerscancreateasenseoffamiliarityandcomfortthatresonates(共鳴)withtheiraudience.Thisemotionalconnectioncanthenbeusedtodriveengagementandloyalty,ultimatelyleadingtoincreasedsales.InthecaseofBarbiemoviemarketing,nostalgiahasbeenused.ByincorporatingelementsoftheclassicBarbiebrandintothemovies,suchasthesymbolicpinkcolor,theclassicBarbielogo,andtheinclusionofclassicBarbiecharacters,themoviesserveasawaytotransportfansbacktotheirchildhoodandrelivetheirfavoritememories.Thisemotionalconnectionisfurtherstrengthenedbythemarketingcampaigns,whichcreateasenseofcommunityandexcitementaroundthebrand.Byusingsocialmediatobuildhype(夸張報道)andanticipationforeachmovie,thebrandhasmanagedtocreatealoyalandengagedfanbasethathascontributedtoitssuccess.ThesuccessofBarbiemoviemarketinghasnotbeenlimitedtothebrand’sexistingfanbase.Infact,themovieshavemanagedtoattractanewgenerationoffanswhomaynothavebeenfamiliarwiththeclassicBarbiebrand.Bycreatingmoviesthatarebothentertainingandempowering,thebrandhasmanagedtoappealtoawideraudience,includingyounggirlswhomaybelookingforstrongfemalerolemodels.TheimpactofBarbiemoviemarketingonanewgenerationcanbeseeninthewaythatthebrandhasdevelopedovertheyears.AlthoughBarbiewasoncedenouncedforpromotingunrealisticbeautystandardsandconventionalgenderimages,thebrandhassincemadesignificantstepsinpromotingdiversityandinclusivity(包容性).TherecentBarbiemoviesfeaturediverseactorsandstorylinesthatpromoteself-empowermentandself-acceptance,reflectingthechangingattitudesandvaluesofsociety.8.Nostalgiaisoftenusedinmarketingmainlybecause______.A.itenablesanewbrandtoexpanditsmarketsquicklyB.ithasastronginfluenceonpeople’schoiceofgoodsC.itbringsbacktheaudience’spositiveemotionsaboutabrandD.ithelpsmakegoodsappealingtocustomersofallagegroups9.WhatcanwelearnaboutBarbiemovies?A.Theyhighlightthecolorofpink. B.Theyuseadifferentlogo.C.Theytargetchildrenasaudiences. D.Theyareaboutcommunitystories.10.HowhaveBarbiemoviesmanagedtogrowtheirfanbase?A.Bysimplifyingthestorylines.BByremovingtheclassiccharacters.C.Byincludingmoreculturalelements.D.Bycreatingnewfemalerolemodels.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“denounced”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Acknowledged. B.Criticized. C.Observed. D.Respected.【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文，介紹了芭比電影通過“懷舊”情懷與觀眾產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系，通過創(chuàng)造新女性榜樣擴(kuò)大觀眾基礎(chǔ)群等營銷策略來擴(kuò)大品牌的市場營銷?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Nostalgia(懷舊)isapowerfulemotionthatcanbeemployedtocreateastrongemotionalconnectionbetweenabrandanditsaudience.Bytappingintothefondmemoriesandpositiveassociationsthatpeoplehavewithaparticularbrand,marketerscancreateasenseoffamiliarityandcomfortthatresonates(共鳴)withtheiraudience.(懷舊是一種強(qiáng)大的情感，可以用來在品牌和受眾之間建立強(qiáng)烈的情感聯(lián)系。通過挖掘人們對特定品牌的美好回憶和積極聯(lián)想，營銷人員可以創(chuàng)造一種熟悉感和舒適感，與他們的受眾產(chǎn)生共鳴)”可知，營銷中經(jīng)常會運(yùn)用“懷舊”是因為它能喚起觀眾對品牌的積極情緒。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ByincorporatingelementsoftheclassicBarbiebrandintothemovies,suchasthesymbolicpinkcolor,theclassicBarbielogo,andtheinclusionofclassicBarbiecharacters,themoviesserveasawaytotransportfansbacktotheirchildhoodandrelivetheirfavoritememories.(通過將經(jīng)典芭比品牌的元素融入電影中，例如象征性的粉紅色，經(jīng)典芭比標(biāo)志，以及經(jīng)典芭比角色的加入，這些電影作為一種將粉絲帶回童年并重溫他們最美好的回憶的方式)”可知，芭比電影中突出了粉紅色。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Infact,themovieshavemanagedtoattractanewgenerationoffanswhomaynothavebeenfamiliarwiththeclassicBarbiebrand.Bycreatingmoviesthatarebothentertainingandempowering,thebrandhasmanagedtoappealtoawideraudience,includingyounggirlswhomaybelookingforstrongfemalerolemodels.(事實(shí)上，這些電影已經(jīng)成功吸引了可能不熟悉經(jīng)典芭比品牌的新一代粉絲。通過制作娛樂性和賦權(quán)性并重的電影，該品牌成功地吸引了更廣泛的觀眾，包括那些可能正在尋找堅強(qiáng)女性榜樣的年輕女孩)”可推知，芭比電影成功地吸引了更廣泛的觀眾，如，正在尋找堅強(qiáng)女性榜樣的年輕女孩，所以它通過創(chuàng)造新的女性榜樣來擴(kuò)大觀眾基礎(chǔ)。故選D?！?1題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章劃線詞后文“forpromotingunrealisticbeautystandardsandconventionalgenderimages(因為宣揚(yáng)不切實(shí)際的審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和傳統(tǒng)的性別形象)”可推知，由于宣揚(yáng)不切實(shí)際的審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和傳統(tǒng)的性別形象，芭比電影曾經(jīng)遭到批評，劃線詞與Criticized意思一致。故選B。DHowisitthataflyalwaysseemstobebuzzingaroundyourfoodmomentsafteryousitdownforanoutdoormeal?Theanswerispractice.Or,morespecifically:evolution(進(jìn)化).Fliesandotherinsectshavebeenonamultimillion-yearjourneyofevolution,improvingtheirabilitytodetectfood.Beingabletozeroinonnutritiousmealsisamatteroflifeanddeath.ThefamilyoffliesthatIstudy—theblowflies—arethebuzzingonesthatareusuallyabeautifulmetallicblue,withbronzeandgreencolors.They’veperfectedtheirabilitytoquicklysensethesmellsthatnaturallycomeoffpicnicsandgarbagecans.Thereisalotofcompetitionforaresourcelikeanoverflowinggarbagecanbecauseofhownutritiousgarbage,withthemeatrottinginit,is.Buttheblowfliescansensethesesmellslongbeforetheircompetitorsorpeoplecan,andtendtoshowuptothescenefirst.Sensingsystemsdifferdependingontheinsectandspecies.Theblowflies’mainsensingorganistheirantennae,twothinprojections(凸起)fromtheheadthatarecoveredintinyhairs.Thesefinehairsaremadeupofspecialcellsthatcontainreceptors(受體)forspecificsmells.Thinkaboutabatchofchocolatechipcookiesfreshfromtheoven.Youcandetecttheirdelicioussmellsbecausewehumanshavereceptorsonthesurfacesofthecellsthatlinetheinsideofournoses.Thesereceptorssendsignalstothebrain:yummyfoodahead.They’redetectingthesweetsmellofsugar-basedmolecules,anenergy-richfoodsourceforus.What’sa“good”ora“bad”smellcandifferdependingontheanimaldoingthesmelling.Theattractiverottingmeatstench(惡臭)thataflyfindsdelightfulisperceivedquitedifferentlybyapersonpassingbyanunpleasantgarbagecanonahotday.Butanyflythatcandetecttheusefulsmellsignal,whichmeans“nutritiousflyfoodhere”,willhaveanadvantage.Overtime,theinsectsthathavethereceptorsforthosesmellswillhavebettersurvivalratesandproducemoregenerations.12.Whydoestheauthorfocusonblowfliesinhisstudy?A.Theyhaveattractivedeepgreencolors.B.Theyhavegonethroughmuchevolution.C.Theyhaveunusualabilitytosensesmells.D.Theyareeasiertocontrolthanotherspecies.13.Inwhichfielddoblowflieshaveanadvantageovertheircompetitors?A.Detectingfoodresources. B.Designingflyingroutes.C.Producingnutritionoutofgarbage. D.Escapingfromenemies.14.Howdoestheauthordevelopthefourthparagraph?A.Byexplainingaprinciple. B.Bymakingacomparison.C.Byfollowingtimeorder. D.Bydescribingaprocess.15.What’sthemessageimpliedinthelastparagraph?A.It’srathereasytowipeouttheblowflies.B.Nutritiousfoodsusuallyhaveattractivesmells.C.Thereceptorsplayakeyroleinflies’survival.D.Fliesfindasmellsignalmuchfasterthanhumans.【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文，文章以綠頭蒼蠅為例，解釋了蒼蠅是如何通過感受器快速探測食物的，它們的氣味感受器在蒼蠅的生存中起到了重要的作用?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“ThefamilyoffliesthatIstudy—theblowflies—arethebuzzingonesthatareusuallyabeautifulmetallicblue,withbronzeandgreencolors.They’veperfectedtheirabilitytoquicklysensethesmellsthatnaturallycomeoffpicnicsandgarbagecans.(我研究的蒼蠅家族——綠頭蒼蠅——是一種嗡嗡作響的蒼蠅，通常是一種美麗的金屬藍(lán)色，帶有青銅色和綠色。他們已經(jīng)完善了快速感知野餐和垃圾桶自然產(chǎn)生的氣味的能力)”可知，作者關(guān)注綠頭蒼蠅是由于它們有不同尋常的嗅覺能力。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thereisalotofcompetitionforaresourcelikeanoverflowinggarbagecanbecauseofhownutritiousgarbage,withthemeatrottinginit,is.Buttheblowfliescansensethesesmellslongbeforetheircompetitorsorpeoplecan,andtendtoshowuptothescenefirst.(像一個滿溢的垃圾桶這樣的資源會有很多競爭，因為垃圾的營養(yǎng)價值很高，里面有腐爛的肉。但綠頭蒼蠅能比它們的競爭對手或人類更早地嗅到這些氣味，而且往往會先出現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)場)”可知，綠頭蒼蠅比起競爭對手能更快地探測食物資源。故選A。14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Sensingsystemsdifferdependingontheinsectandspecies.Theblowflies’mainsensingorganistheirantennae,twothinprojectionsfromtheheadthatarecoveredintinyhairs.Thesefinehairsaremadeupofspecialcellsthatcontainreceptorsforspecificsmells.Thinkaboutabatchofchocolatechipcookiesfreshfromtheoven.Youcandetecttheirdelicioussmellsbecausewehumanshavereceptorsonthesurfacesofthecellsthatlinetheinsideofournoses.Thesereceptorssendsignalstothebrain:yummyfoodahead.They’redetectingthesweetsmellofsugar-basedmolecules,anenergy-richfoodsourceforus.(感應(yīng)系統(tǒng)因昆蟲和物種不同而不同。綠頭蒼蠅的主要感知器官是它們的觸角，這是它們頭部的兩個薄薄的突起，上面覆蓋著細(xì)小的毛發(fā)。這些細(xì)毛是由特殊的細(xì)胞組成的，這些細(xì)胞含有對特定氣味的感受器。想想剛從烤箱里出來的一批巧克力餅干。你可以聞到它們的香味，因為我們?nèi)祟惐亲觾?nèi)部的細(xì)胞表面有感受器。這些感受器向大腦發(fā)送信號：前方有美味的食物。它們能探測到糖基分子的甜味，這是一種能量豐富的食物來源)”可知，文章第四段作者是通過將蒼蠅的感受器和人的感受器進(jìn)行對比來描述的。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Butanyflythatcandetecttheusefulsmellsignal,whichmeans“nutritiousflyfoodhere”,willhaveanadvantage.Overtime,theinsectsthathavethereceptorsforthosesmellswillhavebettersurvivalratesandproducemoregenerations.(但是任何能夠探測到有用的氣味信號，意味著“這里有營養(yǎng)的蒼蠅食物”的蒼蠅，將具有優(yōu)勢。隨著時間的推移，擁有這些氣味感受器的昆蟲將有更好的存活率，并產(chǎn)生更多的后代)”可推知，氣味感受器在蒼蠅的生存中起到了重要的作用。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。You’reoverwhelmed(壓垮).Thatisastatewherethereisjusttoomuchonyourplate.Youhavenoideahowyouwillevergetitalldone.____16____Anditcanleadtoanxiety,unhealthystress,andevenburnout.Herearethreestepsyoucanputintoimmediateactionnexttimeyoufeeloverwhelmed.Stopandbreathe.Thefirstthingtodoisstop.Thismayseemunreasonablewhenyouhurrytogeteverythingdone.Buttoendthestateofbeingoverwhelmed,wefirstneedtostepoutofthebusyness.____17____Andweenduprunningaroundandaroundinourownunproductivenessandpanic.Startconsciouslybreathing.Asyourbreathingstartstoslow,extendyourbreath.Bringyourbreathdowndeepintoyourstomach.Holdtheinhale(吸氣)forafewcountsandthenslowlyrelease.____18____Standupandgetawayfromthesituationthatiscausingthepressureandanxiety.Itcouldbeyourdesk,oryourloungeroom.Ifyoucan,gooutside.Ifnot,findaquietspace.Youneedtogetsomedistancefromthemessiness.Walkingaway,evenmomentarily,oftenprovidesenoughofabreaktogetsomeperspective.____19____Refocus.Afterreturningtoyourplace,takeafewmomentstothinkaboutthesituation.____20____Asyoudoso,highlightthethingsthatareaddingfueltoyourfeelingoftoomuchpressure.Bytakingthetimetolookatyourprioritiesandtimecommitments,youwillstepoutofthepressure,takecareofyourmental,emotional,andphysicalwell-being,andgivemoreenergytothetasksandprojectsthatreallymatter.A.Walkaway.B.Neverstopmovingforward.C.Seekadvicefrompeoplearoundyou.D.Thencomebackwithaclearermind.E.Otherwise,itbecomesabadcycle.F.It’sthefeelingofbeing“inoveryourhead”.G.Writedownallthethingsthatareonyourto-dolist.【答案】16.F17.E18.A19.D20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章介紹了在不堪重負(fù)時可以采取的三個步驟?！?6題詳解】上文“Thatisastatewherethereisjusttoomuchonyourplate.Youhavenoideahowyouwillevergetitalldone.(在這種狀態(tài)下，你有很多事要忙。你不知道如何才能完成所有的工作)”描述了一種狀態(tài)，F(xiàn)項“這是一種“不知所措”的感覺”總結(jié)上文，下文中的“it”指代F項中的“thefeelingofbeing‘inoveryourhead’”，故選F?！?7題詳解】上文“Buttoendthestateofbeingoverwhelmed,wefirstneedtostepoutofthebusyness.(但要結(jié)束這種不堪重負(fù)的狀態(tài)，我們首先需要從忙碌中走出來)”提到，首先要從忙碌的狀態(tài)中走出來，深呼吸，下文“Andweenduprunningaroundandaroundinourownunproductivenessandpanic.(我們最終會在自己的低效和恐慌中不停地跑來跑去)”是描述如果不這樣做的后果，E項“否則，就會形成惡性循環(huán)”符合語境，故選E?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)本段中“Standupandgetawayfromthesituationthatiscausingthepressureandanxiety.(站起來，遠(yuǎn)離造成壓力和焦慮的情況)”以及“Ifyoucan,gooutside.Ifnot,findaquietspace.Youneedtogetsomedistancefromthemessiness.Walkingaway,evenmomentarily,oftenprovidesenoughofabreaktogetsomeperspective.(如果可以的話，到外面去。如果沒有，找一個安靜的地方。你需要遠(yuǎn)離混亂。走開，即使只是暫時走開，也能給你足夠的休息時間，讓你看清一些事情)”可知，本段是建議走開，A項“走開”符合語境，故選A。【19題詳解】上文“Walkingaway,evenmomentarily,oftenprovidesenoughofabreaktogetsomeperspective.(走開，即使只是暫時走開，也能給你足夠的休息時間，讓你看清一些事情)”提到走開能有足夠的時間休息，看清一些事情，D項“然后帶著更清晰的頭腦回來”承接上文，描述走開調(diào)整好狀態(tài)后再返回，故選D。【20題詳解】上文“Afterreturningtoyourplace,takeafewmomentstothinkaboutthesituation.(回到你的地方后，花點(diǎn)時間思考一下情況)”提到花點(diǎn)時間思考一下情況，結(jié)合下文“Asyoudoso,highlightthethingsthatareaddingfueltoyourfeelingoftoomuchpressure.Bytakingthetimetolookatyourprioritiesandtimecommitments(當(dāng)你這樣做的時候，突出那些給你的壓力增加燃料的事情?；c(diǎn)時間看看你的優(yōu)先事項和時間承諾)”可知，空處是承接上文，思考之后寫下自己要做的事情，然后花點(diǎn)時間看看優(yōu)先事項和截止日期，G項“寫下你待辦事項清單上的所有事情”符合語境，故選G。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。GreensteinPrescottwasahighschoolsenior.HerEnglishteacher,FredDiMeo,gaveheranassignment:____21____apoeminfrontofthewholeclass.Greensteinhadamildstutter(口吃).The____22____ofgettingupinfrontofherclassmatesandstutteringthroughthepoemwastoomuchto____23____.Greensteinwenthomeand____24____howscaredshewas.Hermomagreedtowriteanoteaskingforhertobe____25____fromdoingtheassignment.Whenthedayfinallycame,Greensteinrecitedthepoemone-on-onetoDiMeo.Onceshewas____26____,DiMeosaidsomethingGreenstein’dneverheardbefore:Helikedlisteningtoher____27____.Forthefirsttime,Greensteinconsideredthepossibilitythatpublicspeakingdidn’thavetobea____28____offear.“Ithinkitwasso____29____inhismindandIshouldhavenothingtobe_____30_____of,”Greensteinsaid.Greensteinwentontograduatefromhighschoolandgotocollege.Shenevergotto_____31_____thankDiMeo.Butaftercollege,shelandedajobasacorporatetrainer.Thenew_____32_____madeherrealizehowbiganimpactDiMeohadhadonher_____33_____.“Hetrulyisanunsung_____34_____becauseheplayedabigroleinmysuccessfulcareer.Idon’tknowwhereIwouldhavebeenifIwasfearfulof_____35_____myself.I’dliketogivehimmythanksforthatkindness,”Greensteinsaid.21.A.Create B.Recite C.Assess D.Repeat22.A.chance B.memory C.trouble D.thought23.A.bear B.control C.forget D.ignore24.A.confirmed B.imagined C.revealed D.recorded25.A.prohibited B.questioned C.excused D.discouraged26.A.tired B.done C.stressed D.hesitant27.A.story B.voice C.opinion D.explanation28.A.feature B.source C.treatment D.signal29.A.minor B.funny C.flexible D.necessary30.A.guilty B.proud C.mindful D.afraid31.A.generously B.secretly C.properly D.regularly32.A.position B.challenge C.connection D.opportunity33.A.family B.reputation C.confidence D.patience34.A.hero B.citizen C.fighter D.volunteer35.A.forgiving B.punishing C.limiting D.embarrassing【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.C26.B27.B28.B29.A30.D31.C32.A33.C34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇記敘文，講述了GreensteinPrescott有輕度口吃，害怕在公眾場合表現(xiàn)，在一次任務(wù)中，老師FredDiMeo稱贊她的聲音，給了GreensteinPrescott自信，最后獲得成功，感激老師的故事。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她的英語老師弗雷德·迪梅奧給她布置了一項作業(yè):在全班同學(xué)面前背誦一首詩。A.Create創(chuàng)造；B.Recite朗誦；C.Assess評估；D.Repeat重復(fù)。根據(jù)第三段“Greensteinrecitedthepoemone-on-onetoDiMeo”可知，DiMeo老師布置了Greenstein朗誦詩歌的任務(wù)。故選B項?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一想到要站在同學(xué)面前結(jié)結(jié)巴巴地念完這首詩，她就難以忍受。A.chance機(jī)會；B.memory記憶力；C.trouble麻煩；D.thought想法。根據(jù)“Greensteinhadamildstutter(口吃).”及“ofgettingupinfrontofherclassmatesandstutteringthroughthepoem”可知，這里表示Greenstei對于這件事情的想法。故選D項。