河南省五市2023-2024學年高三下學期一模英語試題(解析版)

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河南省五市2023-2024學年高三下學期一模英語試題第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）略第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AJonathanDrori’sinterestinplantsdatesbacktohisyearswhengrowingupinsouthwestLondon.TheylivedwithinwalkingdistanceoftheRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,hometooneofthemostdiversecollectionsofplantsintheworld.Hisparentswouldtakehimandhisbrotherfrequentlytothegardens,exploringthegroundsanddiscoveringnewplantspeciesfromaroundtheworld.“Myfatherwastrainedinbotanybutworkedasanengineer,whilemymotherwasinterest-edinthebeautyofplants,”hesays,“Shewouldcarryamagnifyingglassinherpurse,andwe’dgotoKeweveryweektolookattheindividualplants.”NowDroriisabotanyexpert.He’sbuiltacareerasaneducator,focusingontheenvironmentandtechnology,andisalsoaproductiveauthor.Hisnewbookexplainsthehistoricalandculturalsignificanceofdifferentplantspecies.Usingamapashisguide,heselectedabouteightyplantsfromaroundtheworld,andeachhasaninterestingbackstorythatfocusesontheculturalsignificanceandbotanicalstructureofeachspecies.Forexample,amaranth(莧菜)fromPeruhasalmostbeenforgotten,sinceit’softenover-shadowedbymorereadilyavailablewholegrainslikeoatsandrye.However,ithasgainedpopularityinrecentyearsthankstobeinghighlynutritiousandagoodsourceofbeneficialacids.Infact,beforetheSpanishConquestin1519,amaranthwasamajorfoodstuffoftheIncaandAztecempires.TheAztecsuseditsseedsforceremonialpurposes,mixingamaranthflourintofiguresrepresentingimportantdeitieswithintheirculture,suchasTlaloc,thegodofrain.1.WheredidJonathanDrori’sinterestinbotanymainlycomefrom?A.Hiscollection B.Histeachers C.Hisbooks D.Hischildhood2.WhichofthefollowingisthemostpossibletitleforJonathanDrori'snewbook?A.AroundtheWorldin80Plants B.HowPlantsRelatetoCivilizationC.HowPlantsTellStoriesofHistory D.ABriefHistoryofResearchonPlants3.Whatleadstoamaranthbecomingmoreandmorepopularrecently?A.Itshistoricalvalue B.ItsceremonialvalueC.Itshealthyvalue D.Itsculturalvalue【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要介紹了植物學專家喬納森·德羅里的相關信息?！即鸢浮?.D2.B3.C【1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“JonathanDrori’sinterestinplantsdatesbacktohisyearswhengrowingupinsouthwestLondon.(喬納森·德羅里對植物的興趣可以追溯到他在倫敦西南部長大的時候。)”可知，喬納森·德羅里對植物學的興趣主要來自他的童年。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Hisnewbookexplainsthehistoricalandculturalsignificanceofdifferentplantspecies.(他的新書解釋了不同植物物種的歷史和文化意義。)”可知，喬納森·德羅里的新書與植物物種和文明有關。因此B項“HowPlantsRelatetoCivilization(植物與文明的關系)”最有可能是他的書的書名。故選B?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However,ithasgainedpopularityinrecentyearsthankstobeinghighlynutritiousandagoodsourceofbeneficialacids.(然而，由于其營養(yǎng)豐富和有益酸的良好來源，近年來它越來越受歡迎。)”可知，莧菜越來越受歡迎得益于它的營養(yǎng)價值。故選C。BEarlyinmytimeinChina,IaskedacoworkerifshenoticedanythingAmericansdothatisstrange.“You’realwaysfighting,evenwithyourbestfriend.”shesaid.Shehadneverseenmefightwithmyfriend,soIwassurprised,untilIrealizedshewasreferringtoaphilosophicaldebate.Thoughpassionate,myfriendandIwouldhardlyhaveconsidereditafight.Accordingtohim,manyChinesewouldn’ttelltheirfriendto“shutyourmouthwhenyouspeaktome”ortellthem,“yourlogicissodumb—youdon’thaveobjectpermanence”,whichisopposedtosocialharmony.Wordsaremetaphors,servingtocomprehendabstractideasorbeliefs.Eachlanguagepossessesaninnerlogic,influencinghowitsspeakersstructuresentencesandunderstandwords.Thisuniquenessextendsbeyondmerevocabulary;itspreadstothesystemofexpression,shapingthoughtsandideas.Regardlessofhowskilledonebecomesatcommunicating,orhowmanydictionariesthey’veread,theycannotguaranteethatthelistenerunderstandsthemcorrectly.Eachlanguagebarrierexistswithinspeakersofthesamelanguage.In2013,IworkedwithaBritishmanwhohadlivedinChinaforadecadeandspokeChinesefluently.Ittookhimabout10yearstofullyunderstandtheculture.EitherI’msilly,orhewaskiddingme.Icanconfidentlysaythatafterallthistime,I’mevenmoreconfusedthanIwasthen...TheconceptsandideasIlearnaboutChinesecultureexpandendlessly,andIsuspectthatwillalwaysbetrue.IfI’mlucky,I’llhaveanother30yearsoflife,lesstimethanmoreintelligentmenthanIhavespentstudyingculture.PerhapsI’mnotmeanttounderstandChina.Thereisacceptanceandpeaceinthat.Withmyforeignfriends,IwilljokeandeventeasethemandwithmyChinesefriends,IwillaskquestionstoavoidgivingtheimpressionIamfightingwiththem.Iwillembracecross-culturalconfusionandpersistinunderstandingmyChinesefriends,family,coworkersandneighbors,becausethatknowledgebearsgiftsofwisdomandjoy.Mylifeisbetterforit.4.WhatimpressiondoestheauthorleaveonhisChinesefriend?A.Hespecializesindebating. B.Heiskindofrudetofriends.C.Heargueswithothersmuch. D.Heispassionateaboutphilosophy.5.WhatdoestheauthorstressaboutthelanguageinParagraph2?A.Itsinnerlogic B.ItssignificantcomplexityC.Itsabstractorigin D.Itschangingstructure6.WhatmakestheauthormorepuzzledwhenlivinglongerinChina?A.ProfoundChineseculture B.HisBritishfriend’s,experienceC.Littletimespentwithfamily D.Differentunderstandingofhumor7.Whichistheauthor’splanforfuturelife?A.HewilltakeChinaasitis. B.Hewillreturntohismotherland.C.HewillbemoreseriousinChina. D.Hewillpersistinacademicstudy.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講的是作者在中國的情景以及對中國文化的理解，說明了中美文化的差異以及中國文化的博大精深?！即鸢浮?.C5.B6.A7.A【4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“You’realwaysfighting,evenwithyourbestfriend.”shesaid.(“你總是在吵架，即使是和你最好的朋友?！彼f)可知，作者給中國朋友的印象是他經常和別人爭論。故選C項。【5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Eachlanguagepossessesaninnerlogic,influencinghowitsspeakersstructuresentencesandunderstandwords.Thisuniquenessextendsbeyondmerevocabulary;itspreadstothesystemofexpression,shapingthoughtsandideas.Regardlessofhowskilledonebecomesatcommunicating,orhowmanydictionariesthey’veread,theycannotguaranteethatthelistenerunderstandsthemcorrectly.(每種語言都有其內在的邏輯，影響著說這種語言的人如何組織句子和理解單詞。這種獨特性不僅僅局限于詞匯；它傳播到表達系統(tǒng)，形成思想和觀念。不管一個人的溝通技巧有多熟練，或者他們讀過多少字典，他們都不能保證聽者能正確地理解他們的意思)”可知，在文章第二段作者指出不管一個人的溝通技巧有多熟練，或者他們讀過多少字典，他們都不能保證聽者能正確地理解他們的意思。由此推知，在第二段中作者強調的是語言顯著的復雜性。故選B項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Icanconfidentlysaythatafterallthistime,I’mevenmoreconfusedthanIwasthen...TheconceptsandideasIlearnaboutChinesecultureexpandendlessly,andIsuspectthatwillalwaysbetrue.(我可以自信地說，經歷了這么久，我比當時更困惑了……我學到的關于中國文化的概念和想法是無窮無盡的，我懷疑這將永遠是正確的)

”可知，深厚的中國文化讓作者感到更困惑。故選A項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Iwillembracecross-culturalconfusionandpersistinunderstandingmyChinesefriends,family,coworkersandneighbors,becausethatknowledgebearsgiftsofwisdomandjoy.Mylifeisbetterforit.(我將接受跨文化的困惑，堅持理解我的中國朋友、家人、同事和鄰居，因為這些知識會帶來智慧和快樂。我的生活因此變得更好了)”可推知，作者決定將接受中國的現(xiàn)狀。故選A項。CInrecentyears,thepopularideaofreducingcarbonfootprintsbyeatinglocallytocutdownfoodmileshascomeundercloseexamination.However,arecentstudypublishedinNatureFoodindicatesthatglobalfoodmilesmightaccountforasmuchas20percentoffood-relatedemissions,asignificantlyhigherpercentagethanpreviousestimations.Thisstatementbegsthequestion:Arefoodmilesmoresignificantthanweinitiallybelieved?Foodmilesrepresentthedistancefoodtravelsfromproductiontoconsumption,withpreviousstudiessuggestingthattheemissionsfromthesemilesaretinycomparedtotheemissionsproducedduringthefoodgrowingprocess.Forinstance,producingonekilogramofbeefgeneratesalmost99kgofCO2,whileapplesonlyproduce0.4kgperkilogram.Ifthegoalistominimizedietarycarbonfootprints,itwouldbemorebeneficialtochoosefoodswithloweroverallcarbonfootprints,eveniftheyhavetotraveladistance.Therefore,reducingmeatanddairyintakecouldprovetobeamoreeffectivestrategy.Therecentstudydoesn’tcontradict(相矛盾)thisconclusion.Thereasonwhythereportedproportionishigheristhatthecalculationincludesalltransportinvolved,includingthetransportationoffertilizers,farmequipment,andpesticides(殺蟲劑).HannahRitchie,aresearcherattheUniversityofOxford,suggeststhatatermotherthan“foodmiles”wouldbemoreappropriatetoavoidanyconfusion.Ifthestudyhadfollowedthestandarddefinitionoffoodmiles,thepercentagewoulddropto9percent,whichcorrespondsmorecloselywiththe4to6percentfoundinpriorresearch.Moreover,thestudytheorizesthatevenifallfoodwasproducedinthecountrieswhereitisconsumed,thereductioninemissionswouldonlybe1.7percentoverall.Thisisduetothefactthatalargerproportionoffoodwouldbetransportedbyroadratherthanbysea,withtrucksproducinghigheremissionspertonofcargothanships.“So,overall,thebottomlineisstillthatwhatyoueathasamuchbiggerimpactonemissionsthanthedistancethatfoodhastotraveltoreachyou,”saidRitchie.8.Whathastherecentstudyfound?A.Foodproductionhascausedalotofcarbonemissions.B.Carbonemissionsfromfoodmilesareincreasingrapidly.C.Carbonemissionreductionlargelydependsoneatinglocally.D.Globalfoodmilesleadtomorecarbonemissionsthanexpected.9.Whydoestheauthormention“beef”and“apples”inparagraph.2?A.ToexplainthebenefitsofapplesB.Tohighlightfoodproduction’seffectC.TocomparebeefandappleproductionD.Toadvocateshort-distancetransportation10.Whichofthefollowingisthebestsolutiontofood-relatedcarbonfootprints?A.Supplyinghigh-caloryfoodsB.UpgradingfooddeliverysystemsC.ReducingmeatanddairyconsumptionD.Avoidingchemicalpesticidesforplants11.WhatistheRitchie’sattitudetowardtherecentstudyfinding?A.Unfavourable. B.Supportive. C.Tolerant. D.Uncertain.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文，文章主要探討了食品運輸下的碳排放?！即鸢浮?.D9.B10.C11.A【8題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“However,arecentstudypublishedinNatureFoodindicatesthatglobalfoodmilesmightaccountforasmuchas20percentoffood-relatedemissions,asignificantlyhigherpercentagethanpreviousestimations.(然而，最近發(fā)表在《自然食品》雜志上的一項研究表明，全球食物里程可能占食品相關排放的20%，這一比例比之前的估計要高得)”可知，最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)全球食物里程導致的碳排放比預期的要多。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內容“Foodmilesrepresentthedistancefoodtravelsfromproductiontoconsumption,withpreviousstudiessuggestingthattheemissionsfromthesemilesaretinycomparedtotheemissionsproducedduringthefoodgrowingprocess.Forinstance,producingonekilogramofbeefgeneratesalmost99kgofCO2,whileapplesonlyproduce0.4kgperkilogram..(食物里程代表食物從生產到消費的距離，之前的研究表明，與食物生長過程中產生的排放量相比，這些里程的排放量很小。例如，生產一公斤牛肉會產生近99kg的二氧化碳，而一公斤蘋果只產生0.4千克。)”可知，第二段通過對比生產一千克牛肉與生產一千克蘋果產生的碳排放量，旨在強調食物生產對碳排放的影響。故選B?！?0題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Therefore,reducingmeatanddairyintakecouldprovetobeamoreeffectivestrategy.(因此，減少肉類和奶制品的攝入量可能是一種更有效的策略)”可知，減少與食物有關的碳足跡的一個潛在解決方法是減少肉類和奶制品的攝入量。故選C?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thereasonwhythereportedproportionishigheristhatthecalculationincludesalltransportinvolved,includingthetransportationoffertilizers,farmequipment,andpesticides(殺蟲劑).HannahRitchie,aresearcherattheUniversityofOxford,suggeststhatatermotherthan‘foodmiles’wouldbemoreappropriatetoavoidanyconfusion.Ifthestudyhadfollowedthestandarddefinitionoffoodmiles,thepercentagewoulddropto9percent,whichcorrespondsmorecloselywiththe4to6percentfoundinpriorresearch.(報告的比例之所以較高，是因為計算中包括了所有涉及的運輸，包括化肥、農業(yè)設備和殺蟲劑的運輸。牛津大學的研究員HannahRitchie建議，為了避免混淆，使用一個比‘食物里程’更合適的術語。如果這項研究遵循食物里程的標準定義，這一比例將降至9%，這與之前研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)的4%至6%更為接近)”可知，Ritchie認為最新的研究擴大了“食物里程”的概念范圍，故推測他不贊成該研究，故選A。DTraditionally,manydecisionsaboutmedicaltreatmentwereleftuptodoctors:Theydecided,andpatientsagreed.Today,healthcareprofessionalsareembracingtheideaofshareddecision-making,wherepatientsbecomeinformedpartnersintheirchoices.Healthcareprofessionalsnowfocusonplacingthepatientatthecenterofcare,informingthemabouttheiroptions,andengagingthemintreatmentdecisions.Forexample,theyengagepatientsbyasking,“What’simportanttoyou?Andwhatareyourprioritiesandgoalsaswetalkaboutatreatmentplan?”“Ithinkthere’sastrongrecognitioninAmericanmedicine,oftheimportanceofpatientengagementnotonlyintheircare,butindecidingwhattypesofcareandtypesofproceduresthey’regoingtoget,”saidDr.Allen,aprofessorofmedicineattheUniversityofColoradoSchoolofMedicineinAurora.A2017study,publishedinthejournalCirculation:CardiovascularQualityandOutcomesfoundthatpeoplewithheartdiseasewhowentthrough-shareddecision-makinghadbetterphysicalandmentalhealth,betterobediencetomedicationandlowerratesofstayinginhospitalandemergencydepartmentuse.Patientsalsoreportedbettercommunicationwiththeirdoctors.Whenpeoplearemoreengagedindecision-making,theyunderstandtheprosandconsofvarioustreatmentoptions,andthey’remorelikelytosticktothetreatmentplanandtocontinuethatcommunication.Butresearchonhowtobestapproachdifferent,culturalgroupsislacking.Manydoctorscitelimitedtimeasabarrier,althoughresearchshowsthatshareddecision-makingcanbeaccomplishedevenwithinshortclinicvisits.Also,currentmodelsofpaymentfordoctors’visitsdonotalwaysagreewiththegoalsofshareddecision-making.Butunderlyingallthatisthatmedicaldecisionscanbe“incrediblycomplicated”.Makingthepracticework.onawiderscaleisanevolvingprocess.Butinthelongrun,Allensaid:“shareddecision-makingcanensurethatwithalltheamazingnewtechnologiesandtreatmentsthatwewillhaveinmedicine,theyreallycanbeappliedtomorepatientsinatailored,meaningfulwaythatmeetstheirownvalues,goalsandpreferences.”12.Whatroledodoctorsplayinshareddecision-making?A.Theyareatthecenterofcare. B.Theyaskquestionstopatients:C.Theyfollowpatients’opinions. D.Theypresentsuggestionstopatients.13.Whichcanbeabenefittopatientsfromshareddecision-making?A.Shortenedtimeinhospital B.ImprovedhealthyawarenessC.Reducedmentalproblems D.Enhancedcommunicationskills14.Whatisthebiggestchallengetoshareddecision-making?A.LackoffamilysupportB.LimitedtimeandmoneyC.UniquenessofmedicaltreatmentD.Complicatedmedicineproductionprocess15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SharedDecisionMaking:MorethanTechnology?B.SharedDecisionMaking:anIdealWayforPatientsC.SharedDecisionMaking:aFutureModelofHospitals?D.SharedDecisionMaking:AdvantagesandDisadvantages【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了醫(yī)患共同決策及其好處，也指出它面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。〖答案〗12.D13.A14.C15.C【12題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Healthcareprofessionalsnowfocusonplacingthepatientatthecenterofcare,informingthemabouttheiroptions,andengagingthemintreatmentdecisions.Forexample,theyengagepatientsbyasking,‘What’simportanttoyou?Andwhatareyourprioritiesandgoalsaswetalkaboutatreatmentplan?’(衛(wèi)生保健專業(yè)人員現(xiàn)在的重點是把病人放在護理的中心，告訴病人他們的選擇，并讓他們參與治療決策。例如，他們會問病人：‘對你來說什么是重要的？我們談論治療方案時你的首要任務和目標是什么？’)”可知，醫(yī)生在共同決策中向病人提出建議，故選D?！?3題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“A2017study,publishedinthejournalCirculation:CardiovascularQualityandOutcomesfoundthatpeoplewithheartdiseasewhowentthrough-shareddecision-makinghadbetterphysicalandmentalhealth,betterobediencetomedicationandlowerratesofstayinginhospitalandemergencydepartmentuse.(2017年發(fā)表在《循環(huán)：心血管質量與結果》雜志上的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，經歷了共同決策的心臟病患者有更好的身心健康，更好地服從藥物治療，住院和急診室使用率更低)”可知，參與共同決策對病人的好處是縮短住院時間，故選A。【14題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Butresearchonhowtobestapproachdifferentculturalgroupsislacking.(但是，關于如何最好地接近不同文化群體的研究還很缺乏)”可知，共同決策最大的挑戰(zhàn)是關于如何最好地接近不同文化群體的研究還很缺乏，即醫(yī)療的獨特性，故選C?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內容，結合第一段中“Today,healthcareprofessionalsareembracingtheideaofshareddecision-making,wherepatientsbecomeinformedpartnersintheirchoices.(今天，衛(wèi)生保健專業(yè)人員正在接受共同決策的想法，患者在他們的選擇中成為知情的伙伴)”可知，文章主要介紹了共同決策及其好處，也指出它面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，C項“共享決策：醫(yī)院的未來模式？”為最佳標題，故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。YouralarmgoesoffonJanuary1.Youforceyourselfoutofbedanddragyourfeettowardthebathroom,whereyouglimpseapale-facedstrangerinthemirror.____16____.Afteramoment,however,youthink,“Wait,it’sokaybecausetodayisNewYear’sDay;there’stimetogetbackinshape!”Formanypeople,thestartofanewyearsignalstheendofaperiodofoverindulgence(放縱)indiet.____17____.Theyoftenrevolvearoundturningoneselfintoafitandhealthyhumanbeing.However,thefactisthatapproximately80%ofthemareabandonedbeforeFebruary.Howdoesthathappen?____18____.Whilewemayhavegoodintentionswhenmakingresolutions,wearenotactuallymakingenoughdeterminationtoliveinamorecontrolledway.Changeinvolvesadegreeofstress,andsomeonenotmentallyequippedtohandlethatstresswillstruggletochange.So,whatcanyoudotoachieveyourhealthygoalsinthenewyear?Oneideaistothinksmallratherthantheopposite.____19____.Butinrealitychangeislikelyeasierinsmallersteps,whichallowsforgreatersuccess.Anotherhelpfulstrategyistodesignapersonalrewardsystem.Finally,setconcretegoals.Insteadofmakingavagueresolutionlike“I’mgoingtogetinbettershapethisyear”,makeaspecificone.Forexample,“I’mgoingtorunfor30minuteseveryday”wouldbefarmorepowerful.Mostimportantly,rememberthatdespitetheirname,NewYear’sresolutionsshouldbeforlife.____20____,butwithsuitablestrategies,thereisnoreasonwhyyoucannotsticktoyourresolutionspermanentlyoratleastuntilMarch.A.ChangetakestimeandeffortB.Instinctively,youstepbackinhorrorC.It’sprobablyrelatedtoself-disciplineD.Manypeople’splansinvolvegrandmeasuresE.TheanswerislikelythatweshouldbeconfidentF.NewYearisagreattimetobewithfamilyandfriendsG.InDecemberit’softenjustifiedbyplanningNewYear’sresolutions【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人們執(zhí)行新年計劃時遇到的問題，并就如何更好地執(zhí)行新年計劃給出了建議。〖答案〗16.B17.G18.C19.D20.A【16題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Youforceyourselfoutofbedanddragyourfeettowardthebathroom,whereyouglimpseapale-facedstrangerinthemirror.(你強迫自己下了床，慢慢地走向浴室，在那里你在鏡子里看到了一個臉色蒼白、睡眼惺忪的陌生人)”可知，此刻的自己狀態(tài)極差；再根據(jù)下文“Afteramoment,however,youthink,‘Wait,it’sokaybecausetodayisNewYear’sDay;there’stimetogetbackinshape!’(然而，過了一會兒，你覺得，‘等等，沒關系，因為今天是元旦，是時候恢復身材了！’)”中的“however”可知，空處和下文之間存在轉折關系，既然下文為“it’sokay”，那么空處則與此相反，與選項B“你立刻驚恐地退了回去”中的“inhorror”相對應。故選B?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Formanypeople,thestartofanewyearsignalstheendofaperiodofoverindulgence(放縱)indiet.(對許多人來說，新年的開始標志著一段時間過度放縱飲食的結束)”和下文“Theyoftenrevolvearoundturningoneselfintoafitandhealthyhumanbeing.(它們經常以把自己變成一個健康的人為中心)”可知，上文提到新年的開始標志著結束過度放縱飲食，所以把自己變得更健康應是未來的計劃，G項“在12月，人們通常通過制定新年計劃來證明這一點”符合語境，故選G?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)上文“However,thefactisthatapproximately80%ofthemareabandonedbeforeFebruary.Howdoesthathappen?(然而，事實是，大約80%的計劃在2月份之前就被遺棄了。這是怎么發(fā)生的？)”可知，此處提出一個問題，結合下文“Whilewemayhavegoodintentionswhenmakingresolutions,wearenotactuallymakingenoughdeterminationtoliveinamorecontrolledway.(當我們下定決心的時候，我們可能有很好的意圖，但我們實際上并沒有足夠的決心來控制自己的生活)”可知，人們沒有足夠的決心來執(zhí)行計劃，故C項“這可能與自律有關”回答上文問題，與下文語義一致，故選C?！?9題詳析】下文“Butinrealitychangeislikelyeasierinsmallersteps,whichallowsforgreatersuccess.(但在現(xiàn)實中，小步驟的改變可能更容易，從而取得更大的成功)”提到，在現(xiàn)實中，小步驟的改變可能更容易，空處與下文是轉折關系，故空處是說人們制定很多宏偉的計劃，D項“許多人的計劃都包含宏偉的措施”符合語境，故選D?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Mostimportantly,rememberthatdespitetheirname,NewYear’sresolutionsshouldbeforlife.(最重要的是，請記住，盡管名字叫新年決心，但它應該是終身的)”可知，新年決心應該是終身的，即需要持續(xù)的努力，A項“改變需要時間和努力”符合語境，且與下文“butwithsuitablestrategies,thereisnoreasonwhyyoucannotsticktoyourresolutionspermanentlyoratleastuntilMarch.(但如果有合適的策略，你沒有理由不能永遠堅持你的決心，或者至少堅持到3月份)”銜接得當，故選A。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Forthepastyears,83-year-oldAlMerritthasbeenacheerypresenceinhisneighborhood.Since2010,Merritthasbeentryingtoachievethemissionto____21____thecircumference(周長)oftheEarth-24,901miles-withouteverleavinghisownneighborhood.____22____,Merrittgottoknowmanyofhisneighbors.UpuntilOctober24,（2021）,heneverrealizedthathisdailybicycletripswereas____23____tothemastheyweretohim.At3p.m.,nearly200peopleappearedtocongratulateMerrittontheendingofhis"round-the-world"____24____,andalargetrophy(杯)wasplacedinhisarms.Alstartedcyclingaround11yearsago.Atfirst,hisrideswereaboutfivemileslong,then10to12miles,and____25____thelengthofhisoutingsgrew.Astimewentby,hebegantothink____26____thecircumferenceoftheEarth.Bytheendof2020,hehad____27____21,565milesintotal.Therewasno____28____ofthegoalplanneduntiltwopassers-by,NatalieLondonandTaylorPlecity,camealong.TheywerevisitingLondon'smomwhenMerritt____29____byonhisbikequickly.Thenattractedbyhis_____30_____anddiscoveringMerrittwasjustweeksawayfromcompletinghisgoal,theyaskediftheycould_____31_____ashortdocumentary."Herepresentshowanindividual'ssmall_____32_____canchangeanentirecommunity,"saidLondon.TocelebratethecompletionofMerritt'scyclinggoal,theysecretlyprinteduppostersandplacedthemondoorwaysforseveral_____33_____.Buteventheyweresurprisedatthehugecrowdthat_____34_____.ActuallyMerritthasnoplanstochangetheroutinethathasbecomethe_____35_____ofhisdailylife.21.A.measure B.guess C.survey D.cycle22.A.Inaword B.Asaresult C.Onthecontrary D.Afterall23.A.time-consuming B.meaningful C.usual D.demanding24.A.adventure B.expectation C.subject D.phenomenon25.A.unexpectedly B.immediately C.hopefully D.gradually26.A.again B.twice C.big D.deep27.A.obtained B.dominated C.covered D.revolved28.A.celebration B.delay C.excuse D.admission29.A.drove B.flew C.stood D.slid30.A.speed B.bike C.route D.story31.A.cast B.picture C.film D.advertise32.A.deeds B.destinies C.reactions D.recreations33.A.cities B.landscapes C.houses D.blocks34.A.gathered B.called C.withdrew D.returned35.A.quality B.burden C.highlight D.impression【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了83歲的阿爾?梅里特在他的社區(qū)里一直是一個可靠而愉快的存在。在不離開自己的社區(qū)的情況下，他完成了“環(huán)球”騎行——24901英里。這一壯舉鼓舞了社區(qū)所有的人?！即鸢浮?1.D22.B23.B24.A25.D26.C27.C28.A29.B30.D31.C32.A33.D34.A35.C【21題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：自2010年以來，梅里特一直試圖在不離開自己社區(qū)的情況下完成繞地球24901英里的任務。A.measure測量；B.guess猜測；C.survey調查；D.cycle騎自行車。根據(jù)下文“Alstartedcyclingaround11yearsago.”可知，梅里特完成繞地球24901英里的任務。故選D?！?2題詳析】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：因此，梅里特結識了他的許多鄰居。A.Inaword總之；B.Asaresult結果；C.Onthecontrary相反；D.Afterall畢竟。根據(jù)上文“withouteverleavinghisownneighborhood”可知，所以梅里特結識了他的許多鄰居。故選B?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：直到2021年10月24日，他才意識到，每天的自行車旅行對他們來說和對他來說一樣有意義。A.time-consuming耗時的；B.meaningful有意義的；C.usual常見的；D.demanding要求高的。根據(jù)下文“Herepresentshowanindividual'ssmall________canchangeanentirecommunity,"saidLondon.”可知，每天的自行車旅行對他們來說意義重大。故選B。【24題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：下午3點，近200人到場祝賀梅里特“環(huán)球冒險之旅”的結束，一座巨大的獎杯被放在他的懷里。A.adventure冒險,旅行；B.expectation期望；C.subject學科；D.phenomenon現(xiàn)象。根據(jù)“round-the-world”可知，此處指環(huán)球冒險之旅。故選A?！?5題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：起初，他的騎行距離約為5英里，然后是10到12英里，漸漸地，他騎行的距離越來越長。A.unexpectedly意外地；B.immediately立即地；C.hopefully有希望地；D.gradually逐漸地。根據(jù)下文“Atfirst,hisrideswereaboutfivemileslong,then10to12miles”可知，漸漸地，他騎行的距離越來越長。故選D?！?6題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著時間的推移，他開始把地球的周長想得很大。A.again再次；B.twice兩次；C.big大大；D.deep深地。騎行的距離在增加，所以他開始把地球的周長想得很大。故選C。【27題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：截至2020年底，他總共行駛了21565英里。A.obtained獲得；B.dominated主導；C.covered行走（一段路程）；D.revolved旋轉。根據(jù)下文“21,565milesintotal”可知，他總共行駛了21565英里。cover意為“行走一段距離”。故選C?！?8題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：直到兩名路人娜塔莉·倫敦和泰勒·普萊西蒂出現(xiàn)，才計劃慶祝這一目標。A.celebration慶祝；B.delay推遲；C.excuse借口；D.admission承認；允許進入。根據(jù)下文“Tocelebratethecompletion”可知，直到兩名路人娜塔莉·倫敦和泰勒·普萊西蒂出現(xiàn)，才計劃慶祝這一目標。故選A?！?9題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當梅里特騎著自行車飛快地經過時，他們正在探望在倫敦的媽媽。A.drove駕駛；B.flew疾馳；C.stood站立；忍受；D.slid滑。根據(jù)下文“quickly”可知，梅里特騎著自行車飛快地經過。故選B?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后被他的故事所吸引，發(fā)現(xiàn)梅里特離完成目標只有幾周的時間了，他們問是否可以拍攝一部短片。A.speed速度；B.bike自行車；C.route路線；D.story故事。根據(jù)上文可知，此處指他們被他的故事所吸引。故選D?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.cast投擲；B.picture想象；C.film拍攝；D.advertise打廣告。根據(jù)“shortdocumentary.”可知，filmashortdocumentary意為“拍攝紀錄片”。故選C?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：倫敦說：“他代表了一個人的微小行為如何改變整個社區(qū)?！盇.deeds行為；B.destinies命運；C.reactions反應；D.recreations娛樂。根據(jù)上文可知，此處指他的行為改變了整個社區(qū)。故選A?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：為了慶祝梅里特的自行車目標的完成，他們秘密地印制了海報，并將其放在幾個街區(qū)的門口。A.cities城市；B.landscapes風景；C.houses房子；D.blocks街區(qū)。根據(jù)下文“ondoorways”可知，此處指將其放在幾個街區(qū)的門口。故選D?！?4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但是他們也對聚集的人群感到驚訝。A.gathered聚集；B.called打電話；C.withdrew撤退；D.returned返回。根據(jù)上文“thehugecrowd”可知，此處指對聚集的人群。故選A?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：事實上，梅里特沒有計劃改變他的日常生活，因為它已經成為他日常生活亮點。A.quality質量；B.burden負擔；C.highlight亮點；D.impression印象。根據(jù)上文可知，此處指梅里特沒有計劃改變他的日常生活，因為它已經受到了關注，成為他日常生活亮點。故選C。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。Adrift(漂流)inaSeaofGreenLivingintheforestofsteel-and-cementstructures,urbanitesareimpatienttoembracenatureonweekends.Anaturalforestin____36____peopleinSichuanprovincetendtospendleisuretimeistheSouthernSichuanBambooSeainYibin.The120-square-kilometerBambooSeaisthe____37____(large)primitivebambooparkinChina.TheBambooSea____38____(recognize)asoneofthecountry’s10mostbeautifulforestshasservedasapopulartouristattractionsincescenesfromtheOscar-winningCrouchingTigerHiddenDragon____39____(shoot)there.Thebambooforestgotanecotourratingwhenitwaslistedas____40____world-classbambooreserveinDecember2003,thefourthtourismdestinationinChinatogettheGreenGlobe21certification,allowingitself____41____(admire)bymorepeoplearoundChinaandworldwide.LocatedinAustralia,GreenGlobesetstheglobalbenchmark(基準)forcertificationofenvironmentallyfriendlytourismsites.____42____(reflect)theprinciplesforsustainabledevelopmentandbasedonAgenda21,thecertificationwasapprovedby____43____(represent)of182countriesandregionsfromaroundtheworldduringtheUnitedNationsRiodeJaneiroEarthSummitin1992.Amazed____44____itsvastexpanse,HuangTingjian,apoetfromtheSongDynasty(960-1279),describeditas“bamboowaves”.AsHuang