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2012年職稱英語(yǔ)考試真題及答案解析

第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第1?15題，每題1分，共15分）

下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。

1.Ican'tputupwithmyneighbor'snoiseanylonger,it'Sdrivingmemad.

A.tolerate

B.generate

C.reduce

D.mensure

2.Regularvisitsfromasocialworkercanbeofimmensevaluetooldpeoplelivingalone.

A.equal

B.immediate

C.moderate

D.great

3.Hewasrathervaaueaboutthereasonswhyheneverfinishedschool.

A.bright

B.unclear

C.general

D.bad

4.Iwanttoprovidemyboyswithadecenteducation.

A.special

B.private

C.general

D.good

5.Sleepstairscanpresentaparticularhazardtoolderpeople.

A.picture

B.danger

C.evidence

D.case

6.Ourarrangementswerethrownintocompleteturmoil.

A.doubt

B.relief

C.failure

D.confusion

7.Patriciastaredattheothergirlswithresentment.

A.love

B.surprise

C.anger

D.doubt

8.Yourdogneedsatleast20minutesofviQorousexerciseeveryday.

A.energetic

B.free

C.physical

D.regular

9.Ienjoyedtheplay-ithadacleverplotandveryfunnydialogues.

A.boring

B.original

C.humorous

D.long

10.Lowertaxeswouldsourinvestmentandhelpeconomicgrowth.

A.attract

B.spend

C.encourage

D.require

11.Hedemolishedmyargumentinminutes.

A.supported

B.disproved

C.disputed

D.accepted

12.Thetwobankshaveannouncedplanstomerqenextyear.

A.close

B.sell

C.break

D.combine

13.Herfatherwasaquietmanwitharacefulmanners.

A.polite

B.usual

C.bad

D.similar

14.Theprojectrequiredtenyearsofdiliqentresearch.

A.hardworking

B.social

C.basic

D.scientific

15.Hewaskeptinappallingconditionsinprison.

A.necessary

B.terrible

C.critical

D.normal

第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16?22題，每題1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；

如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒(méi)有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。

CaliforniaGivesGreenLighttoSpaceSolarPower

Energybeameddownfromspaceisonestepclosertoreality,nowthatCaliforniahasgiventhegreenlighttoan

agreementthatwouldseethePacificGasandElectricCompanybuy200megawatt（兆瓦）ofpowerbeameddown

fromsolar-powersatellitesbeginningin2016.Butsomemajorchailengeswillhavetobeovercomedifthetechnology

istobeusedwidely.

Astart-upcompanycalledSolarenisdesigningthesatellites,whichitsayswilluseradiowavestobeamenergy

downtoareceivingstationonEarth.

Theattractionofcollectingsolarpowerinspaceisthealmostuninterruptedsunshineavailablein

eosynchronous（與地球同步的）orbit.Earth-basedsolarcells,bycontrast,canonlycollectsun.

Lightduringdaytimeandwhenskiesareclear.

Butspace-basedsolarpowermustgrapple（努力克月艮）withthehighcostperkilogramoflaunchingthingsinto

space,saysRichardSchwartzofPurdueUniversityinWestLafayette,Indiana,"Ifyou'retalkingaboutitbeing

economicallyviableorpoweroftheEarth,it'satoughgo."hesays.

CalBoerman,Solaren'sdirectorofenergyservices,saysthecompanydesigneditssatelliteswithaviewto

keepinglaunchcostsdown."Weknewwehadtocomeupwithadifferent,revolu-tionarydesign,"hesays.Apatent

thecompanyhaswondescribeswaystoreducethesystem'Sweight,includingusinginflatableminorstofocussunlight

onsolarcells,soasmallernumbercancollectthesameamountofenergy.

ButusingminorsintroducesotherchaHenges,includingkeepingthesolarcellsfromoverhea-ting,says

Schwartz."Youhavetotakecareofheatdissipation（散發(fā)）becauseyou'renowconcen-tratingalotofenergyinone

place,"hesays.Accordingtothecompany'spatent,Solaren'ssolarcellsw川beconnectedtoradiatorstohelpkeep

themcool.

ThoughBoermansaysthecompanybelievesitcanmakespace-basedsolarpowerwork,itisnotexpectingto

crowdoutotherformsofrenewableenergy.LawsinCaliforniaandotherstatesrequireincreasinguseofrenewable

energyincomingyears,hepointsout."Tomeetthoseneeds,we'rego-ingtoneedalltypesofrenewableenergy

sources,"hesays.

16.Solar-powersatelliteswilluseradiowavestobeamenergydownfromspace.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

17.Solarenisgoingtodesign200solar-powersatellites.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

18.Space-basedsolarcellscouldcollectsolarpoweronlywhenskiesareclear.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

19.Oneadvantageofspace-basedsolarpowersystemisthatitiseconomical.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

20.Inflatableminorsareusedtoreducethespace-basedsolarpowersystem.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

21.Space-basedsolarpowerwillruleoutotherformsofrenewableenergysources.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

22.Manycountrieswillgrantpermissionfortheuseofspaced-basedsolarpowersoon.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第23?30題，每題1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：

（1）第23?26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2-5段每段選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題；

（2）第27?30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

NaturalGas

1Naturalgasisproducedfromreservoirsdeepbeneaththeearth'ssurface.Itisafossilfuel

（礦物質(zhì)燃用）1,meaningthatitisderivedfromorganicmaterialburiedintheearthmillionsofyearsago.Themain

componentofnaturalgasismethane（甲烷）.

2Thepopularityanduseofcleannaturalgashasincreaseddramaticallyoverthepast50yearsaspipeline

infrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）hasbeeninstalledtodeliveritconvenientlyandeconomicallytomillionsofresidential,

commercialandindustrialcustomersworldwide.Today,naturalgasserviceisavailableinall50statesintheU.S.,

andistheleadingenergychoiceforfuelingAmericanhomesandidustriesoMorethan65millionAmericanhomesuse

naturalgas.Infact,naturalgasisthemosteconomicalsourceforhomeenergyneeds,costingone-thirdasmuchas

electricity.Inaddi-tiontoheatinghomes,muchofthegasusedintheUnitedStatesisusedasarawmaterialto

manu-factureawidevarietyofproducts,frompaint,tofibersforclothing,toplasticsforheahhcare.con-putingand

furnishings.Naturalgasisalsousedinasignificantnumberofnewelectricity-generatingpowerplants.

3Naturalgasisoneofthesafestandcleanestfuelsavailable.Itemitslesspollutionthanoth-erfossilfuel

sources.Whennaturalgasisburned,itproducesmostlycarbondioxide（二氧化碳）andwatervapor-thesame

substancesemittedwhenhumansexhale.Comparedwithsomeotherfos-silfuels,naturalgasemitstheleastamount

ofcarbondioxideintotheairwhencombusted（燃燒），makingnaturalgasthecleanestburningfossilfuelofa11.

4TheUnitedStatesconsumesaboutone-thirdoftheworld'snaturalgasoutput,makingitthelargest

gas-consumingregionintheworld.TheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy'SEnergyInformationAd-ministrationforecasts

thatnaturalgasdemandwillgrowbymorethan50percentby2025.

5Therearehugereservesofnaturalgasbeneaththeearth'ssurface.Thelargestreservesofnaturalgascanbe

foundinRussia.WestandNorthAfricaandtheMiddleEast.LNG（液化天然氣）hasbeenproduceddomesticallyand

importedintheUnitedStatesformorethanfourdecades.

Today,theleadingimportesofLNGareJapan,Korea,FranceandSpain.

23.Paragraph2.

24.Paragraph3.

25.Paragraph4.

26.Paragraph5.

A.Popularityanduseofnaturalgas

B.Naturalgasreservesandsupply

C.Naturalgasprices

D.Cleanfuelofchoice

E.Disadvantagesofnaturalgas

F.Naturalgasconsumption

27.Naturalgasisstoreddeep.

28.Naturalgasisrecognizedasthemosteconomicalenergysource.

29.Whenmanufacturingmanyproducts,peoplecommonlyusenaturalgas.

30.Itisestimatedthatby2025thatnaturalgasdemandintheUnitedStateswillincrease.

A.overthepast50years

B.beneaththeearthsurface

C.bymorethan50percent

D.formorethanfourdecades

E.asarawmaterial

F.forhomeenergyneeds

第4部分：閱讀理解（第31?45題，每題3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

第一篇

HowtheFirstStarsintheUniverseCameintoExistence

Howthefirststarsformedfromthisdustandgashasbeenaburningquestionforyears,butastate-of-the-art

computersimulationnowoffersthemostdetailedpictureyetofhowthesefirststarsintheuniversecameinto

existence,researcherssay.

Thecompositionoftheearlyuniversewasquitedifferentfromthatoftoday,andthephysicsthatgovernedthe

earlyuniversewerealsosomewhatsimpler.Dr.NaokiYoshidaandcolleaguesinJapanandtheU.S.incorporated

theseconditionsoftheearlyuniverse,sometimesreferredtoasthe"cosmicdarkages,"tosimulatetheformationof

anastronomicalobjectthatwouldeventuallyshineitslightintothisdarkness.

Theresultisadetaileddescriptionoftheformationofaprotostar-theearlystageofamassiveprimordialstarof

ouruniverse,andtheresearchers'computersimulation,whichhasbeencalleda"cosmicRosettaStone,"setsthe

barforfurtherinvestigationintothestarformationprocess.Thequestionofhowthefirststarsevolvedissoimportant

becausetheirformationsandeventualexplo-sionsprovidedtheseedsforsubsequentstarstocomeintobeing.

Accordingtotheirsimulation,gravityactedonminutedensityvariationsinmatter,gases,andthemysterious"dark

matter"oftheuniverseaftertheBigBanginordertoformthisearlystageofastar-aprotostarwithamassofjustone

percentofoursun.Thesimulationrevealshowpre-stellargaseswouldhaveactuallyevolvedunderthesimpler

physicsoftheearlyuniversetoformthisprotostar.

Dr.Yoshida'ssimulationalsoshowsthattheprotostarwouldlikelyevolveintoamassivestarcapableof

synthesizingheavyelements,notjustinlatergenerationsofstars,butsoonaftertheBigBang.

"Thisgenealpictureofstarformation,andtheabilitytocomparehowstellarobjectsformindifferenttimeperiods

andregionsoftheuniverse,willeventuallyallowinvestigationintotheoriginsoflifeandplanets,"saidLarsHernquist,

aProfessorofAstronomyatHarvardUniversityandacoauthorofthislatestreport."Theabundanceofelementsinthe

universehasincreasedasstarshaveaccumulated,"hesays,"andtheformationanddestructionofstarscontinuesto

spreadtheseele.mentsfurtheracrosstheuniverse.Sowhenyouthinkaboutit.a11oftheelementsinourbodies

originallyformedfromnuclearreactionsinthecentersofstars,longago."

Theirsimulationofthebirthofaprotostarintheearlyuniversesignifiesakeysteptowardtheambitiousgoalof

piecingtogethertheformationofanentireprimordialstarandofpredictingthemassandpropertiesofthesefirststars

oftheuniverse.Morepowerfulcomputers?morephysicaldata,andanevenlargerrangewillbeneededforfurther

calculationsandsimulations,buttheseresearchershopetoeventuallyextendthissimulationtothepointofnuclear

reactionin.itiation-whenastellarob.jectbecomesatruestar.

"Dr.Yoshidahastakenthestudyofprimordialstarformationtoanewlevelwiththissimulation,butitstillgetsus

onlytothehalfwaypointtowardsourfinalgoal.Itislikelayingthefoundationofaskyscraper,"saidVolkerBromm,

AssistantProfessorofAstronomyattheUniversityofTex.as.Austinandtheauthorofacompanionarticle."We

mustcontinueourstudiesinthisareatoun-derstandhowtheinitiallytinyprotostargrows,layerbylayer,toeventually

formamassivestar.Buthere,thephysicsbecomemuchmorecomplicatedandevenmorecomputationalresources

areneeded."

31.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,theearlyuniverse.

A.wasgovernedbysimplerphysics

B.gotfewerstarsshinninginit

C.startedover13billionyearsago

D.wascomposedinawaysimilartothatoftoday

32.Whatcanthestate-of-the.artcomputersimulationtellusabout?

A.HowtheBigBangoccurredabout13billionyearsago.

B.How"cosmicdarkages"cameintoexistence.

C.HowdustgrainsandgaseswereformedaftertheBigBang.

D.HowthefirststarscanleintobeingaftertheBigBang.

33.Whatdoesthe^astronomicalobject"inparagraph2referto?

A.cosmicdarkages.

B.dustgrainsandgases.

C.aprotostar.

D.theearlyuniverse.

34.Accordingtoparagraph4,whatisNOTtrueaboutaprotostar?

A.ItdevelopedintoamassivestarduringtheBigBang.

B.Itevolvedfrompre-stellargases.

C.Itwasabletointegrateheavyelementswhenevolvingintoamassivestar.

D.Ithadamassofonepercentofthesun.

35.Accordingtothelastparagraph,allofthefollowingaregoalsofthesimulationprojectEXCEPT

A.toknowmoreaboutthemassandpropertiesofthefirststarsoftheuniverse

B.tosimulatetheprocessofhowtheearlyuniversebegan

C.toapplythesimulationtothestudyofnuclearreactioninitiation

D.todiscoverthetruthabouttheformationofaprotostar

■MJ—,

TheIceman

OnaSeptember,dayin1991,twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainbetweenAustraandIta.1y.Highup

onamountainpass,theyfoundthebodyofamanlyingontheice.Atthatheight（10,499feet,or3,200meters）,

theiceisusuallypermanent,but1991hadbeenanespecially

warmyear.Themountainicehadmeltedmorethaniustusualandsothebodyhadcometothesurface.Itwas

lyingfacedownward.Theskeleton（骨架）wasinperfectconditionexceptawoundonthehead.remainsofsome

clothes.Thehandswerestillholdingthewoodenhandleofanaxandonthefeettherewereverysimpleleatherand

clothboots.Nearbywasapairofglovesmadeoftreebark（樹(shù)皮）andaholderforarrows.

Whowastheman?Howandwhenhadhedied?Everybodyhadadifferentanswertothesequestions.Some

peoplethoughtthatitwasfromthiscentury,perhapsthebodyofasoldierwhodiedinWorldWarI,sinceseveral

soldiershadalreadybeenfoundinthisarea.ASwisswomanwhobelieveditmightbeherfather,whohaddiedin

thosemountainstwentyyearsbeforeandwhosebodyhadneverbeenfound.Thescientistswhorushedtolookatthe

bodythoughtitwasprobablymucholder,maybeevenathousandyearsold.

Withmodemdatingtechniques,thescientistssoonlearnedthattheicemanwasabout5,300yearsold.Bornin

about3300B.C.,helivedduringtheBronzeAgeinEurope.Atfirstscientiststhoughthewasprobablyahunterwho

haddiedfromanaccidentinthehighmountains.Morerecentevidence,however,tellsadifferentstory.Anewkind

ofX-rayshowsanarrowheadstillstuckinhisshoulder.Itleftonlyatinyholeinhisskin,butitcausedinternaldamage

andbleeding.Healmostcertainlydiedfromthiswound,andnotfromthewoundoilthebackofhishead.Thismeans

thathewasprobablyinsomekindofbattle.Itmayhavebeenpartoialargewar,orhemayhavebeenfightiing

bandits.Hemayevenhavebeenabandithimself.

Bystudyinghisclothesandtools,scientistshavealreadylearnedagreatdealfromtheIcemanaboutthetimes

helivedin.wemayneverknowthefullstoryofhowhedied,buthehasgivenusimportantcluestothehistoryofthose

distanttimes.

36.Thebodyoftheicemanwasfoundinthemountainsmainlybecause.

A.hewaslyingontheice

B.twoGermanswereclimbingmountains

C.themeltedicemadehimvisible

D.hewasjustonamountainpass

37.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?

A.Theicemanwaskilledwhileworking.

B.Theicemancouldhavediedfromthewoundinthehead.

C.Theicemanlivedapoorlife.

D.Theicemanwasstruckdeadfrombehind.

38.AllthefollowingareassumptionsoncemadeabouticemanEXCEPT,

A.hewasasoldierinWorldWarI

B.hecamefromItaly

C.hewasaSwisswoman'slong-lostfather

D.Hewasbornaboutathousandyearsago

39.Thescientistsmadethedeductionthattheiceman.

A.washitintheshoulderbyanarrowhead

B.wasprobablyinsomekindofabattle

C.hadgotawoundonthebackofhishead

D.hasatinyholeinhisskincausinghisdeath.

40.Theword"bandits"inparagraph4couldbebestreplacedby

A.robbers

B.soldiers

Chunters

D.shooters

第三篇

ScientistsMakeSweetDiscovering

Goodnewsforchocoholics：thetreatpreferredbymillionsallovertheworldisgoodforyou,accordingto

AmericanresearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia.Chocolatecontainssubstancescalledflavonoidsthatcanhelp

maintainahealthyheartandgoodcirculation.Theresearchershavediscoveredthatcocoaactslikeaspirinandthat

eatingabarofchocolatehasalsobeenshowntoreleaseendorphinsinthebody：thesechemicalshelptoreducepain

andstressandmakeyoufeelhappy.

TheOlmecIndiansofMexicoandCentralAmericawerethefirsttogrowcocoabeans,inaboutl500BC,andthe

MayasweredrinkingunsweetenedcocahundredsofyearsbeforeitbecamefashionableinEurope.

In1544,adelegationofMayannoblesvisitedPhilipofSpainandgavehimjarsofcocoaasagift.Cocoasoon

becamefashionableinSpainandPortugal.TheSpanishwerethefirsttoaddsugartotheircocoadrink.

Bythemiddleofthecentury,solidchocolatewasbecomingfamiliar.In1765,JamesBakerandJohnHanan

openedthefirstchocolatemillintheUnitedStates,introducingchocolatetotheaveragecitizen.In1896,in

Switzerland,DanielPeterhadtheideaofaddingmilkinthechocolate-makingprocessandproducedthefirstmilk

chocolate.

Sincethen,chocolatehasgrownenormouslyinpopularity.Oneofthebiggestchocolate-eatingnationsisBritain

wheretheaverageman,women,andchildeatsninekilosofchocolateayear.Infact,chocolateisthenumberone

comfortfoodandtherearemorechocoholicsinBritainthananywhereelseintheworld.Researcherswarnthat

althoughchocolateisgoodforyou,itshouldbeeateninsmallquantitiesandwithnoaddedmilk.

41.Whyischocolategoodforheaaandcirculation?

A.Itreducespainandstress.

B.Itcontainssubstancescalledflavonoids.

C.Itreleasesendorphinsinhumanbody.

D.Itactslikeaspirintoprotectheart.

42.WhencocoawasfirstintroducedtoEurope,itsoonbecamefashionable.

A.asadrink

B.asagift

C.asfood

D.asamedicine

43.WhatdoesJamesBakersandJohnHanandoaboutchocolate?

A.Theyproducethefirstmildchocolate.

B.TheyintroducechocolatetoEurope.

C.Theyaddsugartomakechocolatebars.

D.Theymakechocolateaccessibletoaverageman.

44.Whichisthefollowingstatementisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Chocolatecontainssubstancesthatmakepeoplefeelhappy.

B.Chocolateisgoodforhealthifitiseatenwithaddedmilk.

C.Eatingchocolateoccasionallycontributestoahealthydiet.

D.Chocolateislovedbymillionsofpeopleworldwide.

45.WhatiStheauthor'stoneabouteatingchocolates?

A.ambiguous

B.negative

C.positive

D.humorous

第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文（第46?50題，每題2分，共10分）

下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中5個(gè)取自短文，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)

文章原貌。

IJustKnowHowYouFeel

Doyoufeelsad?Happy?Frustrated?lnsouciant?Exonerated?lnfuriated?Doyouthinkthatthewayyoudisplay

theseemotionsisunique?WelLthinkagain.EventheexpressionofthemostpersonalfeelingsCaBbedividedinto

groups,classified,andperhaps,taught.ThisweekseesthepublicationofMindReading,aninteractiveDVD-rom

displayingeverypossiblehumanemotion.Itdemonstrates412distinctwaysinwhichwefeel：thefirstvisualdictionary

ofthehumanheart.

TheattempttoclassifythehumanheartbeganwithDarwin.HisTheExpressionoftheEmotionsinManand

Animals,publishedin1872,dividedtheemotionsintosixtypes-anger,fear,sadness,disgust,surpriseand

enjoyment.(46).

Everyotherfeeling,ofwhichtheremaybethousands,wasthoughttoderivefromthissix-stronggroup.More

complexexpressionsofemotionwerelikelytobelearnedandthereforemorespecifictoeachculture.Anincredulous

orindignantPacificislandermightnotbeabletoshowanEssexgirlexactlyhowshefelt.

Butnowitisbelievedthat,whereasgesturesdonotcrossculturalboundarieswell,manymorefacialexpressions

thanDarwin'shalf-dozenaresharedworldwide.(47).TheMindReadingisasystematicrecordofeach

oftheseexpressionsbeingactedout.

TheprojectwasconceivedbyProfessorSimonBaron-CohenoftheautismresearchcentreinCambridgeasan

aidforpeoplewithautism,whohavedifficultybothreadingandexpressingemotion.Butitquicklybecameapparent

thatithadbroaderuses.Novelists,actorsandportraitpaintersallneedtodrawuponawiderangeofemotional

expression,andteacherscoulduseitforclassesinpersonalandsocialdevelopment.

Baron-Cohen'steamfirsthadtodecidewhatcountedasanemotion.(48).Usingthisdefinition,1,512

emotiontermswereidentifiedandputtoapanelwhohadtodecideifeachrepre.sentedaseparateemotion,orif

theyweresynonyms.Thatlistwaswhittleddownto412,arrangedin24groups.from,,afraid"to"wanting".

Oncetheemotionswereclassified.aDVDseemedthemostefficientwaytodisplaythem.InMindReading,each

expressionsisactedout-sixtimes,bysixdifferentactors-inthreeseconds.

(49).Theexplanationforthisissimple：wemayfinditdifficulttodescribeemotionsusingwords,but

weinstantlyrecognizeonewhenweseeitonsomeone'sface."Itwasreallyclearwhentheactorshadgotitright,

"saysCathyCollis,whodirectedtheDVD.

BUtthoughwefinditdifficulttodescribemanyemotions,weinstantlyrecognizeonewhenweseeone.MEven

whentheactorswerestrngglingtogetanemotion,therewasasplitsecondwhenitwasabsolutelythere.Itwasreally

clearwhenthey*dgotit,"CathyCollis,whodirectedtheDVD."Althoughtheactorsweregivensomedirection,they

werenottoldwhichfacialmuscletheyshouldmove."Sheadded(50)Forexample,whensomeonefeels

contempt,youcan'tsayforcertainthattheireyebrowsalwaysgodown.

SomeonewhohastriedtoestablishsuchrulesistheAmericanProfessorPaulEkman.whohasbuiltadatabase

ofhowthefacemovesforeveryemotion.Thefacecanmake43distinctmusclemovementscalled"action

units".Thesecanbecombinedintomorethan10.000visiblefacialshapes.Ekmanhaswrittenoutapaperoffacial

muscularmovementstorepresenteachemotion.

A.Wethoughtoftryingtodescribeeachemotionbutitwouldhavebeenalmostimpossibletomakeclearrulesfor

this

B.Theseparticularmusclesayedifficulttocontrol,andfewpeoplecandoit.

C.Researchhasalsobeendonetofindoutwhichareasofthebrainreadtheemotionalexpressions.

D.Theydecidedthatitwasamentalstatethatcouldbeprecededby"lfeeforhelooks"or"shesounds".

E.Hesaidthattheexpressionofthesesfeelingsayeuniversalandrecognizablebyanyone,fromanyculture.

F.Anyothermethodofshowingallthe412emotions,suchaswords,wouldhavebeenfarlessefiective.

第6部分：完形填空(第51?65題，每題1分，共15分)

下面的短文有15處空白，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidity

Notaplanttobeseen,thedesertgroundistoodry.Buttheaircontainswater,andresearchscientistshavefound

a(51)ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity.Thesystemisbasedcompletelyonrenewableenergy

andisthereforeautonomous.

Crackspermeatethedried-outdesertgroundandthelandscapebearstestimonytothelackofwater.Buteven

here,wheretherearenolakes,riversorgroundwater,considerablequantitiesofwaterarestoredintheair.Inthe

NegevdesertinIsrael,forexample,annualaveragerelativeairhu-midityis64percent-ineverycubicmeterofair

thereaye11.5millilitersofwater.

Germanresearchscientistshavefoundawayofconvertingthisairhumidityautonomouslyintodrinkable

water."Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysources(52)thermalsolar

collectorsandphotovoltaicceils,(53)makesthismethodcompletelyenergy-autonomous.It

will(54)functioninregionswherethereisnoelectricalinfrastructure."saysSiegfriedEgner,headofthe

researchteam.Theprincipleofthe(55)isasfollows：hygroscopicbrine-salinesolutionwhichabsorbs

moisturerunsdownatower-shapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair.Itisthensucked(56)atankafew

metersoffthegroundinwhichavacuumprevails.Energyfromsolarcollectors(57)upthebrine,whichis

dilutedbythewaterithas(58).

Becauseofthevacuum,theboilingpointofth