翻譯基礎(chǔ)8 英語長句的處理(翻譯081)

EnglishLongSentences

英語長句的翻譯

Week101Student’sPresentation公示語的翻譯

MethodsofTranslatingLongEnglishSentencesAttributiveClausesHomeworkexercises

TeachingOutline2PublicSign老弱病殘?jiān)袑Ｗ鵆ourtesySeats顧客止步EmployeesOnly閑人免進(jìn)StaffOnly未經(jīng)許可車輛不得入內(nèi)AuthorizedCarsOnly3小草有生命，腳下請(qǐng)留情1)Littlegrasshaslife,pleasewatchyourstep.2)Pleasegivemeachancetogrow.3)Grassgrowsinsilence.Pleaseleaveitalone.Stayoffthegrass!4除了腳印什么都不要留下，

除了記憶什么都不要帶走。

Leavingnothingbutyourfootprint;takeawaynothingbutyourmemories.Keepoffthegrass!5花木多可愛，請(qǐng)您別傷害！

Kindlysparethelovelyplants.Keepoffthegrass!6身在綠海中，防火記心中！

Whilelivinginthetrees,rememberingPreventingfire!Nofire!/Noburning!7友情提示：注意安全請(qǐng)勿攀爬

Attentionplease:BeAwareofSecurityNoClimbingDanger!Noclimbing!8警方提醒：貴重物品請(qǐng)隨身攜帶，妥善保管，請(qǐng)勿存放車內(nèi)

PoliceReminding:Pleasetakeyourvaluablewithyouandputtheminsafekeeping.Pleasetakethevaluablewithyouandputtheminsafekeeping.9乾隆皇帝弘歷HonglitheEmperorofQianlongHongli,EmperorQianlong隱居撰寫wrote…inasecludewayliveinseclusionandwritesecludeoneselffromsociety10定語從句的翻譯AttributiveClausesI.AComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseAttributive...II.TranslationofRestrictiveAttributiveClausesIII.TranslatingNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClausesIV.AttributiveClausesFunctioningasAdverbials11

I.AComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseAttributiveStructuresThisisthecat.這就是那只貓。Thisisthecatthatkilledtherat.這就是那只捕殺了老鼠的貓。

Thisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethecake.*這就是那只捕殺了偷吃了蛋糕的老鼠的貓。Thisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethecakethatwasputinthehouse.*這就是那只捕殺了偷吃了放在房間里的蛋糕的老鼠的貓。ThisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethecakethatwasputinthehousethatJackbuilt.*這就是那只捕殺了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房間里的蛋糕的老鼠的貓。

12II.TranslationofRestrictiveAttributiveClauses

Combination:把從句譯為帶“的”的定語短語，放在被修飾詞前，將復(fù)合句譯成漢語單句。又稱“前置法”。

Thepeoplewhoworkedforhimlivedinmortalfearofhim.在他手下工作的人對(duì)他怕得要死。Pollutionisapressingproblemwhichwemustdealwith.污染是我們必須解決的一個(gè)迫切問題。JulyandAugustarethemonthswhentheweatherishot.七八月是天氣很熱的月份。Intheroomwheretheelectroniccomputeriskept,theremustbenodustatall.在存放電子計(jì)算機(jī)的房間里，不能有一點(diǎn)兒灰塵。

132.Division

如果從句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，譯成漢語前置定語顯得太長而不符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣時(shí)，往往譯成后置的并列分句?？梢宰g成并列分句，重復(fù)英語先行詞，如：Betweenthesetwotinyparticles,theprotonandtheelectron,thereisapowerfulattractionthatisalwayspresentbetweennegativeandpositiveelectriccharges.在質(zhì)子和電子這兩個(gè)微粒之間有一個(gè)很大的吸引力，而這個(gè)吸引力總是存在于正負(fù)電荷之間。還可以譯成并列分句，省略英語先行詞，如：Newtoninventedapaperlanternilluminatedbyacandlewhichhecarriedwithhimtolighthiswaytoschoolondarkwintermornings.牛頓發(fā)明了一只點(diǎn)蠟燭的紙燈籠，在昏暗朦朧的冬天早晨上學(xué)時(shí)帶著照路。142.DivisionHemanagedtoraiseacropof200miracletomatoesthatweightuptotwopoundseach.他種出了200個(gè)大得驚人的西紅柿，每個(gè)重達(dá)兩磅。Afuelisamaterialwhichwillburnatareasonabletemperatureandproduceheat.燃料是一種物質(zhì)，在適當(dāng)溫度下能夠燃燒并放出熱量。Theyworkedoutanewmethodbywhichproductionhasnowbeenrapidlyincreased.他們制定出一種新方法，采用之后生產(chǎn)已迅速得到提高。TheyarestrivingfortheidealwhichisclosetotheheartofeveryChineseandforwhich,inthepast,manyChinesehavelaiddowntheirlives.他們正在為實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)理想而努力，這個(gè)理想是每個(gè)中國人所珍愛的，在過去，許多中國人曾為了這個(gè)理想而犧牲了自己的生命。153.Mixture

溶合法是把原句中的主語和定語從句溶合在一起譯成一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子的一種翻譯方法。（Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)句子往往這樣處理）Thereweremeninthatcrowdwhohadstoodthereeverydayforamonth.在那群人中，有些人每天站在那里，站了一個(gè)月。

Thereisamandownstairswhowantstoseeyou.樓下有人要見你。Fortunately,therearesomechemicalfuelsthatarecleanandsmokeless.幸好有些化學(xué)燃料是潔凈無煙的。Therearesomemetalswhichpossesthepowertoconductelectricityandtheabilitytobemagnetized.某些金屬既能導(dǎo)電，又能被磁化。Therearemanypeoplewhowanttoseethefilm.許多人要看這部電影。163.Mixture還有一些定語從句，譯成漢語時(shí)可將英語主句壓縮成漢語詞組作主語，而把定語從句譯成謂語，溶合成一個(gè)句子?！癢eareanationthatmustbegtostayalive,”saidaforeigneconomist.一位外國經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家說道，“我們這個(gè)國家不討飯就活不下去?！盬eusedaplaneofwhichalmosteverypartcarriedsomeidentificationofnationalidentity.我們駕駛的飛機(jī)幾乎每一個(gè)部件都有國籍的某些標(biāo)志。Goodclockshavependulumswhichareautomaticallycompensatedfortemperaturechanges.好的鐘擺可以自動(dòng)補(bǔ)償溫度變化造成的誤差。

17III.TranslatingNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClauses

1.在譯文中把原文從句后置，重復(fù)關(guān)系詞所代表的漢譯，譯成并列分句。ItoldthestorytoJohn,whotoldittohisbrother.我把這件事告訴了約翰，約翰又告訴了他的兄弟.Thisisacollegeofscienceandtechnology,thestudentsofwhicharetrainedtobeengineersorscientists.這是一所科技大學(xué)，該校學(xué)生將被培養(yǎng)成工程師或科學(xué)工作者。182.前置法：一些較短的具有描寫性的從句也可譯成帶“的”的前置短語，放在被修飾詞前面Transistors,whicharesmallinsize,canmakepreviouslylargeandbulkyradioslightandsmall.采用體積較小的晶體管可以使先前那種大而笨的收音機(jī)變得又輕又小。Thesun,whichhadhiddenallday,nowcameoutinallitssplendor.整天躲在云層里的太陽，現(xiàn)在又光芒四射地露面了.Theemphasiswashelpedbythespeaker’smouth,whichwaswide,thinandhardset.講話人那又闊又薄又緊繃繃的嘴巴，幫助他加強(qiáng)了語氣。ButMiggle’slaugh,whichwasveryinfectious,brokethesilence.密格爾的富有感染力的笑聲打破了靜默。193.譯成獨(dú)立句Onetimetherewasaviolentthunderstorm,theworstIhadeverseen,whichobscuredmyobjective.有一次是暴風(fēng)驟雨，猛烈的程度實(shí)為我平生所僅見。這場暴風(fēng)雨遮住了我的目標(biāo)。20IV.AttributiveClausesFunctioningasAdverbials

1.TranslatingintoChineseAdverbialClausesofCause2.TranslatingintoChineseAdverbialClausesofResult3.TranslatingintoChineseAdverbialClausesofConcession4.TranslatingintoChineseAdverbialClauseofCondition5.TranslatingintoChineseAdverbialClausesofPurpose211.TranslatingintoChineseAdverbialClausesofCauseWeknowthatacat,whoseeyescantakeinmanymoreraysthanoureyes,canseeclearlyinthenight.我們知道,由于貓的眼睛比我們?nèi)说难劬δ芪崭嗟墓饩€，所以貓?jiān)诤谝挂材芸吹暮芮宄?。Youmustgrasptheconceptof“work”whichisveryimportantinphysics.你必須掌握“功”的概念，因?yàn)樗谖锢韺W(xué)中很重要。222.TranslatingintoChineseAdverbialClausesofResultTherewassomethingoriginal,independent,andheroicabouttheplanthatpleasedallofthem.這個(gè)方案富于創(chuàng)造性，獨(dú)具一格，很有魄力，因此他們都很喜歡。Copper,whichisusedsowidelyforcarryingelectricity,offersverylittleresistance.銅的電阻很小，所以廣泛地用來傳輸電力。

233.TranslatingintoChineseAdverbialClausesofConcessionHeinsistedonbuildinganotherhouse,whichhehadnousefor.他堅(jiān)持要再造一幢房子，盡管他并無此需要.Electroniccomputers,whichhavemanyadvantages,cannotcarryoutcreativeworkandreplaceman.盡管電子計(jì)算機(jī)有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但是它們不能進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性工作，也不能代替人。

244.TranslatingintoChineseAdverbialClauseofConditionMenbecomedesperateforwork,anywork,whichwillhelpthemtokeepalivetheirfamilies.人們拼命想得到工作，不管什么工作，只要能維持一家人的生活就行。Foranymachinewhoseinputandoutputforcesareknown,itsmechanicaladvantagecanbecalculated.對(duì)于任何機(jī)器來說，如果知其輸入力和輸出力，就能求出其機(jī)械效率。255.TranslatingintoChineseAdverbialClausesofPurposeTheyhavebuiltupanewcollegehere,wherestudentswillbetrainedtobeengineersandscientists.他們?cè)谶@里建了一所學(xué)院，以培養(yǎng)科技人才I’lltrytogetanillustrateddictionarydealingwithtechnicalterms,whichwillenablemetotranslatescientificliteraturemoreexactly.我要設(shè)法弄一本有插圖的技術(shù)名詞詞典，以便把科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)譯得更準(zhǔn)確。

26Referencesforfurtherstudy英漢互譯實(shí)踐與技巧unit9,名詞性從句unit10,定語從句unit11狀語從句英漢翻譯基礎(chǔ)教程第四單元（p46-56）27一、名詞性從句1.TheKingdeclared,“Whoevermakesmydaughterlaughshallmarryher.”國王宣稱：“誰要是能把我女兒逗樂了，就可以娶她做妻子?！?.ItwasinvainthattheoldladyaskedherifshewasawareshewasspeakingtoMissPinkerton.老太太問她明白不明白她是在對(duì)平克頓小姐說話，但這是白費(fèi)心血。3.IwasclearthathewasgoingtomeetMissCarrandwantedtobealone.很清楚，他是去看卡爾小姐了，所以要一個(gè)人去。284.Aprincipleofsciencetellswhatusuallyhappensundercertainconditions.科學(xué)原理告訴我們?cè)谝欢l件下所會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。5.Irepliedthattheyhadneverbroughtupthesubjectinconversation.我回答說，在談話中，他們從沒有提到這個(gè)問題。6.Shehadexplainedthatinterviewsweretheonlywaytokeepthecaseinpublicconsciousness.她曾解釋道，接見記者是使公眾不至忘卻這樁案件的唯一辦法。297.ThefactisthattheoldladybelievedRebeccatobethemeekestcreatureintheworld.事實(shí)是，老太太以為麗貝卡是天下最馴良的小家伙8.“IfIhaveseenfartherthanotherman,itisbecauseIhavestoodontheshouldersofgiants.”(Newton)“假如我比別人望得遠(yuǎn)了一點(diǎn)，這是因?yàn)槲乙颜驹诰奕说募缟??！保ㄅｎD）9.Weknowthefactthatbodiespossessweight.我們知道物體具有重量這個(gè)事實(shí)。10.Themeetingwastotakeplaceatahotel,theParkHotelonNanjingRoad.會(huì)議在一個(gè)酒店內(nèi)舉行——南京路國際飯店。30二、試譯下列定語從句11.Thosewhosacrificethemselvesforthepeople’scausearetherealheroesofhistory.（前置法）為人民事業(yè)犧牲自己的人是歷史上真正的英雄。12.Hewasnotateasewiththosewhomadediplomacytheirprofession,particularlyambassadors.（前置法）他同那班以外交為職業(yè)的人特別是大使們合不來。13.Thegreatinviolateplacehadtheancientpermanencewhichtheseacannotclaim.(后置法)這塊沒經(jīng)騷擾過的偉大地區(qū)有著自古以來永遠(yuǎn)不變的性質(zhì)，這種性質(zhì)連大海都不能跟它相比。3114.Hemadethesoundofsympathywhichcomessoreadilyfromthosewhohaveanindependentincome.(后置法)他發(fā)出了同情之聲，這種同情聲是那些有獨(dú)立收入的人最容易脫口而出的。15.Therehasneverbeenamanaroundmewhowrotesomanymemos.(溶合法)在我周圍的人中從沒有一個(gè)象他那樣寫過那么多的備忘錄。16.Theambassador,whohadlongbeeninterestedinAsianaffairs,wasflattered.（前置法）早就對(duì)亞洲事務(wù)感興趣的那個(gè)大使，不禁受寵若驚。3217.IknewthatJohnwouldtellhismother,whowouldprobablytellMary.(后置法)我知道約翰準(zhǔn)會(huì)告訴他媽媽，他媽媽多半又會(huì)說給瑪麗聽。18.HetooktheideatoAdmiralKing,wholikeditandorderedasecretstudymadetoseeifitcouldbedone.(后置法)他把這種想法向金將軍上將匯報(bào)，金將軍對(duì)這想法很感興趣，命令進(jìn)行秘密研究，看看是否可行。19.Nevertheless,theproblemwassolvedsuccessfully,whichshowedthatthecomputationswereaccurate.(獨(dú)立句)不過問題還是圓滿地解決了。這說明計(jì)算機(jī)很準(zhǔn)確。20.Ihadaproblem,whichbecameclearlyobviousjustasIwastoappearatthemeeting.(譯成獨(dú)立句)我遇到了一個(gè)問題。當(dāng)我就要出席會(huì)議時(shí)，這個(gè)問題越發(fā)明顯了。33三、將下列具有狀語功能的定語從句譯成各種相對(duì)應(yīng)的漢語偏正復(fù)句：

1.Hedidnotrememberhisfatherwhodiedwhenhewasthreeyearsold.他三歲就死了父親，所以記不起他父親了。2.Heinsistedonbuyinganothercoat,whichhehadnousefor.他堅(jiān)持要再買一件上衣，雖然他并不用得著。3.Hewishestowriteanarticlethatwillattractpublicattentionthematter.他想寫一篇文章，以便能引起公眾對(duì)這件事的注意。344.Anyonewhothi