陜西省西安市第二十五中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三下第一次測試英語試題含解析

陜西省西安市第二十五中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三下第一次測試英語試題注意事項1．考生要認(rèn)真填寫考場號和座位序號。2．試題所有答案必須填涂或書寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。第一部分必須用2B鉛筆作答；第二部分必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆作答。3．考試結(jié)束后，考生須將試卷和答題卡放在桌面上，待監(jiān)考員收回。第一部分（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）1．Theuseofcomputershasmade______possibleformorepeopletoworkathome.A．it B．that C．which D．what2．ThefarmersaidthePLAmencametorescuetimelywhenthey_____inthesnowstorm.A．weretrappingB．werebeingtrappedC．a(chǎn)retrappingD．a(chǎn)rebeingtrapped3．Takethemedicinerightaway!______ityesterday,youwouldbequiteallrightnow.A．Hadyoutaken B．WouldyoutakeC．Shouldyoutake D．Wereyoutotake4．—Jackhasbeenoutofconsciousnesssincetheaccident.Willhecometohimself，doctor?—It’sgoingtobetoughbutweanticipatethathewill.A．putthroughB．pullthroughC．putoverD．pullover5．TrumpsaidhebelievesNorthKoreawill________itspromisetosuspendmissiletestswhilehepreparesforasummitwithKimJongUn.A．taketoB．makeupC．standbyD．holdout6．Iwasexpectingapresentfromher,soIwasdisappointedIdidn’treceive______.A．it B．one C．that D．theone7．Thenewscameasnosurprisetome.I______forsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown.A．hadknown B．knewC．haveknown D．know8．—Tom,doyouenjoyyourpresentjob?—________.Ijustdoitforaliving.A．OfcourseB．NotreallyC．NotlikelyD．That’sallright9．Topgraduatesfromuniversitiesare________bymajorcompanies.A．chased B．registeredC．offered D．compromised10．Passengers_____talktothedriverwhilethebusismoving,becauseitwilltakehisfocusofftheroad.A．wouldnot B．mustnotC．maynot D．neednot11．--YouknowMr.Greenhasbeenillfordays?--Yes,Iwonderifheis______betternow.A．a(chǎn)ny B．some C．a(chǎn)ny D．no12．Theaccidentwhichleft15peopleonboarddead________ifboththeangryfemalepassengerandthebusdriverhadkeptcalm.A．shouldhaveavoided B．shouldbeavoidedC．couldhaveavoided D．couldhavebeenavoided13．Paulawaiteduntilalltheluggagewascleared,__________hersneverappeared.A．or B．so C．a(chǎn)s D．but14．Thegovernmentisto_____thetechnologiestothefullinthestructuraltransformationoftheeconomy.A．a(chǎn)daptB．exposeC．exploitD．a(chǎn)ttach15．—DidyoumeetMr.Smith?—Yes.WhenIarrived,he________forNewYorktoattendapressconference.A．wasjustleaving B．justleftC．justleaves D．hadjustleft16．Havingbattledwiththeir_______overwhethertoofferhelptoanagedmanorwomanwhohasfallenover,mostpeoplechoosetohelp.A．compromise B．contradictionC．conscience D．competence17．Theiryoungestgirlisatthestage______shecansayasinglewordbutnotafullsentenceA．when B．whichC．that D．where18．Hewasstillfullofoptimismforthefuturedespitemanyproblems,andneveronce______himgetworriedorupset.A．Isaw B．IwouldseeC．didIsee D．wouldIsee19．—DidyoutakesideswhenMomandDadwerearguingagain?—No.I’velearnedthatit’sbest_______untilitblowsover.A．tocallitadayB．topulltheirlegsC．tositonthefenceD．towashmyhandsoff20．Asisexpected,AIisanarea_______Chinamayappearasaleadingforce.A．that B．whereC．which D．when第二部分閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。21．（6分）Companiesthatemployworkershaveaninterestinkeepingtheworkplacesafe.Job-relatedinjuriesaresomethingthatresponsibleemployersavoid.Theytakethetimeandusecompanyresourcestomakesurethatthepeoplewhocometoworkeachdayaresafe.Notonlydoesthismakegoodsensefromamoralstandpoint,butitalsomakesgoodfinancialsense.Ifaworkerisinjuredonthejob,itcoststhecompanyintermsoflostmamtours,increasedinsurancecosts,worker’scompensationpremiums（賠償金）,andlegalposts.Productivityislostwhenotherworkershavetostopdoingtheirjobstodealwiththesituation.Evenaftertheinjuredworkerhasbeensenthomeortakentohospital,otheremployeesmaybeunfocusedorneedtotaketimeofffromworkintheresultoftheincident.Whenaworkplaceissafe,workersfeelmorecomfortableandconfidentwhentheyareinthatenvironment.Productivitygetsapromotion,andprofitsfollowsuit.Absencealsodropswhenemployerstakestepstocarryoutaneffectivesafetyprogram.Investinginagoodsafetyprogrambringswithitotherbenefitstoo.Whenemployeesfeelsafeintheworkplaceandabsenceratesarekeptdown,theycanfocusonservingthecompany’scustomersproperly.Manycompaniesofferproducesorservicesthataresimilartothosethatothercompaniescarryorprovide.Customerswilldecidewhichcompaniestheywanttodealwithbasedonwhichonetheyfeelprovidesthebestcustomerservice.Increasedabsencemeanslongerwaittimesandcustomersarequitepreparedtomoveontoanothercompanytheyfeelwillbeabletohelptheminamoretimelymanneriftheyarenotgettingthelevelofattentionthattheydeserve.Everyoneintheworkplacehasadutyandaresponsibilitytodowhatevertheycantokeeptheworkingenvironmentsafe.Managersshoulddealwithemployeeconcernsaboutsafelyissuesinanappropriatemanner.1、Whatbadeffectdoesanincidenthaveaccordingtothetext?A．Workersmayrefusetoworkagain.B．Thequalityofproductsmaydecline.C．Workersmaybehardtoconcentrate.D．Thecompanymayclosedown.2、WhatdoweknowaboutthesafeworkplaceformParagraph4?A．Itcaninspireworkers’creativity.B．Itcanbringworkersahigherpay.C．Itcanputanendtoworker’absence.D．Itcanbringtheemployermoremoney.3、Onwhatconditionwillthecustomersmoveontoanothercompanyaccordingtothetext?A．Iftheycan’tgetasaferproduct.B．Iftheyhavetowaitforalongtimetogetdeservedattention.C．Iftheyfeelthecompanycan’tprovideasaferworkplaceforthem.D．Iftheyfindthecompanyprovidesthesomeproductsasothersoffer.4、Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．HowEmployeesCanProtectThemselvesB．CompaniesAreEnsuringEmployees’SafetyC．WhySafetyIsImportantintheWorkplaceD．HowtoCreateaSaferWorkplace22．（8分）Owlsareequippedwithhighlydevelopedstealthtechnology(隱形技術(shù))thathelpsthemchargetowardsprey—ananimalhuntedandeatenbyanother—undetected,astudyhasshown.Owlshaveflightfeathersthatabsorbaerodynamicsoundandcontrolthevibrations(振動)thatoccurwhenabirdbeatsitswings.Theresultisperfectsilenceasitapproachesamouseorotherprey.Scientistsusedlasersandhigh-speedcamerastoanalyzeandcomparelong-earedowl,eagleandpigeonfeathersduringflight.Whiledifferinginsize,allthreebirdshaveasimilarwing-beatstyle.ProfessorJinkuiChuledtheresearch.Hesaid,“Manyowlshaveauniqueandfascinatingabilitytoflysosilentlythattheyareoutoftheirprey'shearingrange,duetotheirfeatherstructure.”Thisbehaviourhaslongbeenofinteresttoengineers,asweseektoapplytheowls'noise-reductionmechanisms(機(jī)制)tootherpurposesandsituationsthatbenefitsociety.Now,however,weknowtheowls'silentflightabilityisevenbetterthanwethought.Ofallbirdstheowlisthekingofacousticstealth.Itnotonlymanagestopreventaerodynamicnoisewhengliding,butalsomechanicalnoisecausedbyvibrationduringflying.Thisisremarkable,consideringthesuddenjumping,bendingandtwistingthewingsaresubjectedtowhenflappingandthenoisethatiscreatedbyotherbirds.Inthescientificworld,theprocessusedtoremovethismechanicalnoiseiscalled‘damping’,whichmeanstheremovalofmechanicalenergyfromavibratingsystemusuallybychangingitintoheatandallowingittoremainsteady.“Ourresearchshowedthelong-earedowlhassuperiordampingskill,meaningitcanremainamazinglystableandremovemechanicalnoisecausedbythemovementofitsfeathers—quiteanimpressiveachievementofengineering.99Headded,“Thisstudywillhopefullyprovidefurtherinsightintotheowls'silentflightmechanismandhelpengineersdevelopideasforspecialmaterialsorstructures,suchason-shorewindturbines,wheresimilarnoiseremovalcanbeapplied.”1、Whatcanbetrueaboutowlsaccordingtothetext?A．Theyareactiveduringtheday.B．Theyattractmuchattentionfromengineers.C．Theyhavesimilarwingstoeagles.D．Theybeatwingswithoutvibrations.2、Bysaying“theowlisthekingofacousticstealth”inParagraph6,JinkuiChumeansowls______.A．a(chǎn)regoodatcapturingpreyB．haveagoodsenseofhearingC．a(chǎn)regoodatjumpingandtwistingD．havesilentflightability3、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph8referto?A．Mechanicalnoise.B．Thevibratingsystem.C．Mechanicalenergy.D．Theremovalofmechanicalenergy.23．（8分）XXX:TheReturnofXanderCageReleasedate:January20,2017Starring:VinDiesel,RubyRose,NinaDobrev,DonnieYen,KrisWuRating:★★★★Plot:XanderCage(VinDiesel)isleftfordeathafteranincident,andthenhesecretlyreturnstoactionforatoughassignmentdesignedforhim.JourneytotheWest:ConqueringtheDemons(妖魔)IIReleasedate:January28,2017Starring:KrisWu,KennyLin,YaoChen,JellyLinRating:★★★★Plot:Thefilmisasequel(續(xù)集)tothe2013film,JourneytotheWest:ConqueringtheDemons,whichwasdirectedbyStephenChow.TangSanzang(KrisWu),alongwithhisthreedisciples,setsoutontheJourneytotheWest.Althoughtheyappeartobeharmonious,inreality,theyareplottingagainsteachother.Afteraseriesofadventureswheretheycapturedemons,theystarttounderstandoneanother’spainsandheart,andfinallysolvetheirinternalconflicts,workingtogethertobecomethemostuniteddemon-killingteam.LivebyNightReleasedate:January13,2017Starring:BenAffleck,ScottEastwood,ZoeSaldana,ElleFaningRating:★★★Plot:IntheProhibitionEra,JoeCoughlin,theprodigalsonofaBostonpolicecaptain,becomesabootleggerandlater,anotoriousgangster(惡棍).TheVillageofNoReturnReleasedate:January28,2017Starring:Hsuchi,WangQianyuan,Hsiao-chuanChang,EricTsangRating:★★Plot:Inabeautifulandquietvillage,anuninvitedguestandmysterioustreasureappear,makingaseriesoffunnystorieshappen.1、Whichfilmcanyouseeifyou’refreeonJan.13,2017?A．LivebyNightB．JourneytotheWestC．TheReturnofXanderCageD．TheVillageofNoReturn2、Whostarstwofilmsamongthefourmentioned?A．ScottEastwoodB．KrisWuC．RubyRoseD．Hsuchi3、Whycanthedemon-killinggroupfinallybecomethemostharmoniousone?A．TheyarefacingriskstoexploreeverythingB．TheycanavoidtheirinternalargumentsC．TheycanfullyknowabouteachotherD．Theyarefightingagainsteachother4、HowisTheVillageofNoReturndifferentfromtheotherfilms?A．ItisratedmorestarsthantheotherthreeB．Itisafollow-upfilmtothe2013oneC．ItisnotreleasedinthesamemonthD．Itcanmakeaudiencelaughalot24．（8分）Shinythingsabsorblessheatwhenleftinthesun.ThismeansthatiftheEarthcouldbemadealittleshinieritwouldbelesslikelytosufferglobalwarming.Waystobrightenit,suchasaddingnanoscalespecks（納米級）ofsalttolowclouds,makingthemwhiter,orputtingathinhazeofparticlesintothestratosphere（平流層）,arethefieldof“geoengineering”（地球工程）.Asmallbandofscientistswhichhavemostlybeenusingcomputermodelstostudythesubject.Someofthemarenowproposingoutdoorexperiments—usingseawater-fedsprayerstochurnoutparticlesoftheexactsizeneededtobrightenclouds,orscatteringsulphurparticles（硫粒子）fromunderneathalargeballoon20kmupinthesky.Thescientistshopetounderstandsomeoftheprocessesonwhichthesetechnologiesdepend,asawayofbothmeasuringtheirpossibility(canyoureliablymaketheproperamountofseasaltbrightenclouds?)andassessingtheirrisks(howmuchdamagetotheozonelayermightastratospherichazedo,andhowmightsuchdamagebeminimized?).Theexperimentswouldbefartoosmalltohaveanyclimaticeffects.Theamountofsulphurputintothestratospherebytheexperimentalballoonwouldbe2%ofwhatapassengerjetcrossingtheAtlanticemitsinanhour.However,manyscientistsdoubtwhethergeoengineeringexperimentshaveanyeffects.Andsomeenvironmentalistssaythatsuchexperimentsreflectthehubris（傲慢）ofhumans,whobelievetheycantoywithnature.Geoengineeringisnotanalternativetorelievingclimatechangebycuttingcarbonemissions.Evenifemissionsdostarttofall,thecutswilllakedecadestohaveanyeffectsotemperaturesarelikelytogoonrisingforsometime.Theplanetisnotgettingcoolerandthepressuresontheclimateareunlikelytogoaway.Itisthereforenottoohardtoimagineaworld,decadesfromnow,inwhichemissionsarefallingbuttemperaturesarerisingsteeplyandtheabilitytoadapttothemhasbeenstretchedtoofar.Anadditionalwaytostabilizetemperaturesmightthenseemappropriate.Geoengineeringoffersthatpossibility.1、Theaimoftheoutdoorexperimentsinparagraph1is.A．torelievetheglobalwarmingB．tobrightenthecloudsC．totestthecomputermodelsD．tostudygeoengineering2、Thegeoengineeringclimateexperimentwouldhardlytakeanyclimateeffectbecause.A．scientistsaren'tsurewhetherseasaltcanbrightencloudsB．geoengineeringwouldminimizethedamagetotheozonelayerC．theamountofsulphuremittedbyaballoonisverysmallD．a(chǎn)passengerjetemitsmuchmoresulphurthanaballoondoes3、Evenifcarbonemissionisreducedrightaway,.A．globalwarmingwillberelievedB．climaticpressurewillberemovedC．thetemperaturewillremainstableD．globalwarmingwilllastforyears4、Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.A．passengerjetsareamajorcauseofglobalwarmingB．scientistsdon’tshowduerespectfortheenvironmentC．geoengineeringisbetterthancuttingcarbonemissionsD．cuttingemissionsisn'tenoughtorelieveclimatechange25．（10分）Thatrobots,automation,andsoftwarecanreplacepeoplemightseemobvioustoanyonewho’sworkedinautomotivemanufacturing.ButMITbusinessscholarsErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfee’sclaimismoretroublingandcontroversial.Theybelievethatrapidtechnologicalchangehasbeendestroyingjobsfasterthanitiscreatingthem.Theybelievethattechnologyincreasesproductivityandmakessocietieswealthier,butitbecamecleartothemthatthesametechnologiesmakingmanyjobssafer,easier,andmoreproductivewerealsoreducingthedemandformanytypesofhumanworkers.TechnologiesliketheWeb,artificialintelligence,andbigdataareautomatingmanyroutinetasks.Countlesstraditionalwhite-collarjobs,suchasmanyinthepostofficeandincustomerservice,havedisappeared.Asevidence,BrynjolfssonandMcAfeepointtoachartonwhichseparatelinesrepresentproductivityandtotalemploymentintheUnitedStates.ForyearsafterWorldWarII,thetwolinescloselytrackedeachother,withincreasesinjobscorrespondingtoincreasesinproductivity.Then,beginningin2000,thelinesdiverge;productivitycontinuestorisesteadily,butemploymentsuddenlyshrinks.By2011,asignificantgapappearsbetweenthetwolines,showingeconomicgrowthwithnoparallelincreaseinjobcreation.UnitedStatesProductivityandEmploymentButarethesenewtechnologiesreallyresponsibleforadecadeoflackluster(無生氣)jobgrowth?DavidAutor,aneconomistatMITwhohasstudiedtheconnectionsbetweenjobsandtechnology,doubtsthattechnologycouldaccountforsuchasuddenchangeintotalemployment.Moreover,healsodoubtsthatproductivityhas,infact,risensteadilyintheUnitedStatesinthepastdecade.Ifhe’sright,itraisesthepossibilitythatpoorjobgrowthcouldbesimplyaresultofadepressedeconomy.Thesuddenslowdowninjobcreation“isabigpuzzle,”hesays,“butthere’snotalotofevidencethatit’slinkedtocomputers.”“Tobesure,computertechnologiesarechangingthetypesofjobsavailable,butthatisverydifferentfromsayingtechnologyisaffectingthetotalnumberofjobs,”headds.“Jobscanchangealotwithouttherebeinghugechangesinemploymentrates.”LawrenceKatz,aHarvardeconomist,saysthatwhiletechnologicalchangescanbepainfulforworkerswhoseskillsnolongermatchtheneedsofemployers,nohistoricalpatternshowstheseshiftsleadingtoanetdecreaseinjobsoveranextendedperiod.Still,Katzdoesn’tdismissthenotionthatthereissomethingdifferentabouttoday’sdigitaltechnologies.Thoughheexpectsthehistoricalpatterntohold,itis“genuinelyaquestion,”hesays.“Iftechnologydisruptsenough,whoknowswhatwillhappen?”1、WhichperiodonthechartstronglysupportsMcAfee’sclaim?A．1947—1967.B．1985—1987.C．1997—2000.D．2011—2013.2、AccordingtoDavidAutor,thechangeinjobgrowth________.A．isnotnecessarilycausedbytechnologyB．resultsfromaweakeningeconomyC．hasnoconnectionwithproductivityD．a(chǎn)ffectsthecurrenttypesofjobs3、WhatisLawrenceKatz’sattitudetowardsthetopic?A．Optimistic.B．Defensive.C．Objective.D．Disapproving.4、Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.A．showtherelationbetweenproductivityandjobcreationB．discusstheeffectoftechnologicaladvancesonemploymentC．a(chǎn)rgueagainstthewideuseofartificialintelligenceD．explaintheimpactoftechnologiesonproductivity第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項．26．（30分）MyhusbandBill'sGrandmawasinanursinghomewhenwemovedbacktoMichigan.Grandmahadbeenunabletowalkforquitesometime;nowhereyesightwasalmostgone.OvertheyearsGrandmaandIhad1manycardsandletters.Iknewhowsheenjoyed2intouchwithpeople.Grandmawouldhavemewriteletterstogointhecardsshewouldsend.Andshewouldalwayshaveme3whatIhadwrittenbacktoher.Grandmadidn'thaveaproblemwithhearingthen4shewasalwaystellingme,“Thatisnot5howIsaidthat!”IwouldthenrewritewhateverIwroteinherexactwords.SinceIhadsome6timebeforeChristmas,IaskedGrandmaifshewouldliketosend7someChristmascards.Grandmareadily8.Iroundedupseveraldifferentkindsofcards.Iknewshehadfriendsandfamilywhoallhaddifferent9.Iwouldtakeeachcardand10indetailthefrontofthecard,thenIwouldreadthewordsinside.After11itoverGrandmawouldtellmewhoshethoughtwouldlike12card.AfterawhileI13andInoticedthatwehadseveralnursinghome14standinginthedoorway.IstartedtonoticeasIreadeachcard,the15ontheirfacesandGrandma'sface,too.Eachonehada16smileandafar-awaylookintheireyes,astheywereseeingthescenesintheirminds'eye.IthoughtwhenIwentovertodotheChristmas17IwouldbedoingGrandmaafavor,butit18thatshedidmeabigfavor.I'llalways19thisspecialmemoryofbringingsomeChristmasjoyandpleasant20toGrandmaandherfellowresidents（居民）.1、A．exchangedB．changedC．tradedD．switched2、A．settlingB．losingC．keepingD．getting3、A．writeB．discoverC．translateD．read4、A．whenB．becauseC．whileD．though5、A．carefullyB．truthfullyC．speciallyD．exactly6、A．freeB．flyingC．essentialD．valuable7、A．forB．upC．outD．a(chǎn)way8、A．a(chǎn)cknowledgedB．a(chǎn)greedC．a(chǎn)dmittedD．rejected9、A．a(chǎn)ddressesB．a(chǎn)dvantagesC．occupationsD．interests10、A．describeB．joinC．lookD．ignore11、A．talkingB．turningC．takingD．thinking12、A．a(chǎn)notherB．eachC．oneD．other13、A．lookeddownB．lookedoverC．lookedupD．lookedthrough14、A．graduatesB．visitorsC．patientsD．residents15、A．a(chǎn)ttentionB．lookC．glanceD．sight16、A．gentleB．looseC．upsetD．devoted17、A．treesB．jobsC．decorationsD．cards18、A．turnedtoB．turnedoutC．cameoverD．leftout19、A．treasureB．a(chǎn)dmireC．encourageD．recognize20、A．storiesB．facesC．memoriesD．letters第二節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。27．（15分）Firedrillsareabigpartofbeingsafeinschool.Theyprepareyouforwhatyouneedtodoincaseofafire.Butwhat1．thereisafirewhereyoulive?Doyouknowwhattodo?Talkingaboutfirescanbescary2．noonelikestothinkaboutpeoplegettinghurtortheirthingsgettingburned.Butyoucanfeellessworriedifyou3．(prepare).It’sagoodidea4．familiestotalkabouthowtoescapeafire.Differentfamilieswillhavedifferentstrategies（策略）.Somekidsliveinone-storyhousesandotherkidsliveintall5．(build).You’llwanttotalkaboutescapeplansandescaperoutes,solet’sstartthere.Anescapeplancanhelpeverymemberofafamilygetoutofa6．(burn)house.Theideaistogetoutsidequicklyand7．(safety).Smokefromafirecanmakeithardtoseewherethingsare,soit’simportanttolearnandrememberthedifferentwaysoutofyourhome.It’sgoodideatohaveyourfamilydrawamapof8．escapeplan.It’spossiblethatonewayoutcouldbeblockedbyfireorsmoke,soyou’llwanttoknow9．otheronesare.Andifyouliveinanapartmentbuilding,you’llwanttoknow10．(good)waytothestairwellorotheremergencyexits.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)短文改錯（滿分10分）28．（10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1、每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2、只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。Thebellrang、OurEnglishteacherMissBrowncamein、Everythingwentsmoothinherclass、Allofuslistenedattentivelybutansweredquestionscorrectly、Thesmileonherfacesuggestedthatshebesatisfiedwithourperformance、Towardstheendoftheclass,sheaskedwhichoneofyouwouldliketocomeuptothefrontandrepeatthestory、W