2019-2020 零碳發(fā)展報告 Zero Energy Residential Buildings Study

TOZEROANDBEYOND

EEBATEAMZER

ZeroEnergyResidentialBuildingsStudy

2019-2020InventoryofresidentialprojectsonthepathtozerointheU.S.andCanada

INTRODUCTION

TEAMZEROisproudtopresentthislandmarkreportdocumentingsix

yearsoffindingsandobservationsfrominventoryingzeroenergy(ZE)residentialdesignandconstructionactivityintheUSandCanada.Hereinweofferyou—ourcontributors,

allies,andfans—ourmostrecentdataalongwithafewnuggetsofinsightderivedfromthissix-year—andcounting!—researchproject.

Thedatawehavecompiledsinceourmodeststartin2015haveenabledustotracknotonlythe

volumeandgrowthofresidentialZEdevelopment,butalsotodiscernpatternstothisgrowthand

identifyleadinggeographicareas,keyinfluences,keytechnologies,andpowerhouseplayersinthisstillnascentsectorofthebuildingindustry.

Alongtheway,webelievewehavesucceededinprovidinginspirationtoaspiringZEpractitioners,proofoftheviabilityofZEconstructionasavalid

businessproposition,andconfidenceto

policymakersthatincentivizingZEhomebuildingwasareasonableandrightpathway.

Overtime,wehavealsobeenabletoprovidemorecustomizedlensesonourdataforpublicagencies,non-profits,corporations,andresearch

institutionsaboutZEdevelopmentinareasofparticularinteresttothem.(Pleaseemail

aaron@

ifyouwouldlikemoreinformationaboutcustomizeddataqueries.)

Eachyear,wewanttoknowmore!Westruggletoweighthevalueofgatheringmoreinformation,

whilenotwantingtooverburdenourcontributors.Thisyear,curiositywon,andweaskedjustabitmoreabouttheZEprojectsweinventoried.

First,inresponsetothephenomenalgroundswellintheenergycommunityaroundtheconceptofdecarbonization,andmorespecifically,all-electricbuilding,itbecameimperativeforustofindout

WeatTEAMZEROofferourheartfeltthankstoallyouwhohaveinvestedyourtimeandenergyto

assistincompilingthisinventory.YourpioneeringeffortsandwillingnesstoshareinformationarethelifebloodoftheZEmovement.YouaretheZEROHEROESwhoaresteeringthehousingindustrytothenecessarynewnormal!

Allourannualreportscanbedownloadedat/inventory-of-zero-energy-homes

howZEhomesarebeingfueled.Seewhatwelearnedaboutthatonpage11.

Wewerealsocuriousaboutwhatfractionof

inventoriedhomesalreadyincludesolarenergy(asopposedtobeingreadyforsolar,havingachievedZElevelsofefficiency),aswellasotherkeyenergytechnologiesthatareincreasinglyfoundinZE

projects.Thoseresultsarealsoshownonpage11.

Asthecombinationofonsitesolarenergyand

batteriesmakeitevermorefeasibletoapproachoff-gridperformance,wedecidedtoextendourreachintothatcategory,too;thefewoff-grid

projectswenettedaretalliedonpage10.

Andlastly—butcertainlynotleastimportantly—it’slongpasttimeweacknowledgednotjustthedevelopersandbuildersofZEhomes,butalsotherockstararchitectswithoutwhomtheseprojectswouldn’thappen.Wesalutethemostprolific

designersonpage7.

Despiteaskingmoreofyouonour

dataintake

forms

,wehaveimprovedourdatacollection

process.Anumberofitemshavebeenclarified,andwesimplifiedthedatarevisionprocessfor

contributorsgraciousenoughtoupdateprojectstheyhavepreviouslyreported–e.g.,withchangesinstatus,suchasfromindesigntocompleted.

(Wealsooffermoresupportforcontributorswhohavelargeprojectportfolios.)

TEAMZERO//2019-20ZeroEnergyResidentialBuildingsStudy2

AFEWNOTESABOUT

OURFINDINGS:

1.Withinthisreport,weusetheterm“zero

energy”expansively.Whileitsuggests

precision,infact,sincetheinceptionofthis

projectin2015,wehavesoughttoincludeall

residentialZEdevelopmentsthataredesignedtoachieveenergyperformanceintherealmofzero.Allprojectsdesignedwiththisaim

contributetocreatingacleanenergyfutureandhelpusunderstandhowZEhousingmarketsintheUSandCanadaareevolving.

2.Forreasonsstatedbelow,TEAMZEROdoesnotrepresentanyoftheinformationcontainedhereintobehighlypreciseordefinitive;itis,rather,

indicativeoftheZEactivityintheUSandCanada.

3.Theinventoryreliesonindividualstoreportontheirprojects’performancebasedontheirbestunderstandingofourcategorydefinitions

(page13);wedonotverifytheperformanceofindividualprojects.

4.WebelievethattheZEhousingstockis

considerablylargerthanthisinventoryreports.Weknowwecan’tpossiblyreachevery

designer,builder,developer,orownerofaZE

home,andovertimeexpectthatweare

actuallycapturinglessoftheoverallZEactivitybecause,asZEactivityincreases,the

communitybecomesmorediffuseandthereis

moreandmorespontaneousengagementwithZEbyindividualsandorganizationswho

gravitatetothisworkspurredbynewsmedia,andnotnecessarilybydirectexposuretootherZEpractitioners.Theyhaven’tyetfoundus,sowedon’tknowthem,andtheyhaven’theard

abouttheinventory.Allofthisisgood–it

suggestsstronglythatZEiscatchingonevenfasterthanweknow.

5.Thebulkofthisreportfocusesonunitsin

design,inconstruction,andcompleted,

omittingunitsintheplanningstage.Thisis

becausedevelopmentprojectsinplanningarehighlyuncertain.Somemaynevercometo

fruition;othersmaytakemuchlongertobe

realizedthantheirdeveloperseverimagined.Asnapshotofprojectsintheplanningstageisgivenonpage12.

6.Numericdiscrepanciesmayappearfromyeartoyear,becausetheinventoryisdynamic.

Projectionschange,errorsarefoundand

corrected,andourstakeholdersupdatetheirprojectinformation.

7.BecauseoftheimpactsofCOVID-19thispastyear,wehaveextendedourdatacollection

effortforthiscurrentreportfrom2019-Q2to2020-Q3,andnamedthisreportaccordingly.

TEAMZERO//2019-20ZeroEnergyResidentialBuildingsStudy3

13,905UNITS

22,146UNITS

27,965UNITS

+26%

FINDINGS

Whiletherateofgrowthhasslowedcomparedwithprioryears,theincreaseinthenumberofZEunitsremainsveryhealthy,withatotaljustshyof28,000—upfromalittle

over22,000in2018.

+82%

741PROJECTS

4,077BUILDINGS

+22%

+33%

8,203UNITS

+56%

1,153PROJECTS

+49%

6,059BUILDINGS

+70%

408PROJECTS

3,339BUILDINGS

6,177UNITS

2015

2016

2017

PROJECTS

1,629

+41%

+17%

7,059BUILDINGS

+59%

2018

PROJECTS

1,851

+14%

+11%

7,739BUILDINGS

2019-20

THISYEAR’SNUMBERSYIELDSEVERALNOTEWORTHYFINDINGS:

We’veseenasignificantupwardbumpinenergyperformance(page10)—thezero-energy

categorygainednearly10%overlastyear,

climbingupfrom29%ofunitsto38.6%,with

mostofthatincreasereflectingaclimboutoftheZE-readycategory.Netpositiveunitsdroppedabit,however,from4.5%to2.2%.

Projectsizeisrelativelystable(page6)—theaveragesingle-familydevelopment(excluding

one-homeprojects)comprises24homes,vs.26lastyear.Theaveragemulti-familyprojecthas62units,comparedwith59lastyear.

ThemultifamilyshareinCanadaisholding

strongat90%ofallZEunits,comparedwith

73%intheUS(page5)—notableinasmuchasCanadaismuchlesspopulousthantheUS,thismayreflectaheavierconcentrationofZEactivityinurbanareas.

Inthetwocountriescombined,multifamily

projectsnowrepresent75%ofthetotalZE

residentialstock—thisisamodestgainoverlastyear(71%)butbearsouttheyear-over-yeartrendofincreasingmultifamilydominanceIntheZE

marketplace.

Therearesomenewcontendersandsomepositionleapsamongthetop20cities

(page5)—CaliforniacitiesRichmond(#6),Los

Angeles(#13),SanJose(#14),andEscondido

(#18)appearinthetop20forthefirsttime(406,338,326,and292units,respectively);Denver

jumpedto#5(709units,vs.265lastyear)—

givingColoradoaniceboosttofifthlargestZE

state;andSacramentohasreclaimedapositionintheranks(#19,with290units).

TEAMZERO//2019-20ZeroEnergyResidentialBuildingsStudy4

3

Tie

8

3

19

1

6

16

14

2

9

5

10

13

18

16

15

11

20

●5,000+Units

●

1,000-4,999Units

●100-999

Units

12

7

Tie

●10-99Units

●0-9Units

10%

27%

Multi-familyUnits

Single-familyUnits

UnitedStates

●

●

Canada

90%

73%

THEGEOGRAPHYOFZERO

TOP20ZEROENERGYCITIESBYNUMBEROFUNITS

1.London,ON

2001

2.NewYork,NY

1811

3.Davis,CA

759

3.Vancouver,BC

759

5.Denver,CO

709

6.Richmond,CA

406

7.Honolulu,HI

389

8.Portland,OR

378

9.Philadelphia,PA

367

10.Washington,DC

356

11.SanDiego,CA

352

12.Austin,TX

347

13.LosAngeles,CA

338

14.SanJose,CA

326

15.Clarksdale,AZ

323

16.Bronx,NY

308

16.ChinoValley,AZ

308

18.Escondido,CA

292

19.Sacramento,CA

290

20.NationalCity,CA

268

SPECIALKUDOSTOHONOLULUANDWASHINGTON,

DC—THEONLYTWOLEADINGCITIESNOTINTHETOP

TENSTATES

MULTI-FAMILYUNITS

SINGLE-FAMILYUNITS

TOTALUNITS

CANADA

3,070

348

3,418

USA

17,876

6,671

24,547

TOTAL

20,946

7,019

27,965

TEAMZERO//2019-20ZeroEnergyResidentialBuildingsStudy6

5,274

24%

15,707

71%

MULTI-UNITPROJECTS

AREZEMAINSTAY

Themoststabletrendoverthelastseveralyearsisthedominanceofbothsingle-familyandmultifamilyprojectsoftwoormoreunits.

Thesemulti-unitprojectsrepresented94%ofthetotalZEstockin2017,95%in2018,andonceagaincomprise95%ofalltheunitsinthisyear’sinventory.Theremainingprojectsarethosethatconsistofjustonehome.

ThecleartakeawayisthatnearlyallofresidentialZEconstructionactivityisdrivenbythebusinessofhomebuilding,andnotbyprivateindividuals.

ZEisnotacustomniche!

MULTI-UNITVS.SINGLE-UNITPROJECTS,2017-2019

LEGEND

SINGLE-FAMILYHOMES

UNITSIN

SINGLE-FAMILYMULTI-UNITPROJECTS

UNITSIN

MULTI-FAMILYPROJECTS

852

6%

4,730

34%

8,323

60%

2017

1,164

1,274

5%

5%

5,745

20%

20,946

75%

2018

2019-20

SHOREROAD

E

BN

VER

RID

R

O

A

D

LOGANSRUN

OXFORDSTREET

KAINSROAD

SHOREROAD

WESTDELBOURNE

ZESTAR

PROJECTS

SiftonPropertiesstillholdsclaimtothelargest

projectinthe

inventory,

reporting1,900multifamilyunitsat

West5Phase

2

,nowunder

constructioninLondon,Ontario(Canada).

Multi-unitprojectsthisyear

accountfor26,688oftheinventorytotalof27,965units:

.20,943inmultifamilyprojects,withanaverageof62units

.5,745insingle-familyprojects,withanaverageof24units

Thelargeprojectsfeaturedatrightare

emblematicoftheconsistentyear-over-year

leadershipofthreegeographicregions,asthemaponpage5reveals:

.USSouthwestanchoredbyCalifornia(#1),Arizona(#4),Colorado(#5),andTexas(#10)

.NewYork(#2)plusOntario,Canada(#3),

Pennsylvania(#7),andMassachusetts(#8),anchoringtheNortheastUS/SouthernCanada

.BritishColumbia(#6),Oregon(#9),andWashington(#15),makingupthePacificNorthwest

Apartments

MoveIn

2021

FUTURERESIDENTIAL

RETIREMENT

RESIDENCEAND

APARTMENTS

TownhomesMoveIn

NOW

2019

TOWNHOMES

helio

Apartments

MoveIn

2020

PARKSANDPATHWAYS

HIGHRISE

APARTMENTS

Building

OpeningSummer

2019

LEGACY

SQUARE

ResidentialandRetail

Retail

THESIFTONCENTRE

OXFORDSTREET

RECREATIONCENTRE

LEASING

NOWOPEN

OAKWEST

ANIMALCLINIC

FUTUREGROCERY

SOLARPARKADE

NOWOPEN

Thelargestcompletedprojectis

WestVillageattheUniversity

ofCalifornia–Davis

,with662zeroenergyready,multifamily

unitsofstudenthousing.

MandalayHomesisholdingontothetitleforthelargest

single-familyproject:323ZEreadyhomesunderconstructionatMountainGate,Clarkdale,AZ.Mandalay’sleadershipcontinuestocrownArizonasovereigninsingle-familyZEdevelopment,

with17projectstotaling1,153units,or79%ofArizona’s1,458single-familyZEhomes.Thelargestcompletedsingle-family

projectisalsoinArizona:CapstoneHomes’240-homeFlagstaff

MeadowssubdivisioninBellemont(zeroenergyready).

SenderoVerde,adevelopmentunderconstructioninEastHarlem,

NewYork,byL+MDevelopmentPartners,JonathanRose

Companies,andAcaciaNetwork,isclosebehindUCDavis’sWest

Village,with650units.Phase1,designedbyHandelArchitects,

justtoppedoutinlateNovember2020(

detailshere

).

TEAMZERO//2019-20ZeroEnergyResidentialBuildingsStudy7

TEAMZERO//2019-20ZeroEnergyResidentialBuildingsStudy8

TOP10ZEROENERGYSTATES/

PROVINCESBYNUMBEROFUNITS

OR

552

794

BC

869

CO

1,311

CA

10,959

ON

2,225

NY

3,332

AZ

1,603

MA

PA705

TX

540

Thetoptenstatesand

provincesallheldtheir

ownthisyear,withone

minorchange–Colorado

madeajumpupfrom

seventhplaceto#5.

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

STATE/

PROVINCE

CA

NY

ON

AZ

CO

BC

PA

MA

OR

TX

Allothers

SUMOF#UNITS

10,959

3,332

2,225

1,603

1311

869

794

705

552

540

5,075

WITHZEPROJECTSIN:

NO.OFPROJECTS

ZEROENERGYROCKSTARS

TOP10ARCHITECTSBYNUMBEROFPROJECTS

ZeroEnergyDesignMA,NJ,CT,VT,RH,RI22

DeltecHomesNC,MN,AK,SC11

MarkenDesign+ConsultingBC,NB

8

GreenHammerDesignBuildOR,WA

7

BaxtInguiArchitectsNY

6

GVIInternationalTX

6

LanefabDesign/BuildBC

6

CKArchitectsCT

5

DanielSmithandAssociatesCA

5

Pill-MaharamArchitectsVT

5

TOP20BUILDERS/DEVELOPERSBYNUMBEROFUNITS

UNITSSTATE/PROVINCE

2,001

1,281

1,192

1,002

841

797

762

662

649

614

487

422

408

389

362

358

351

346

344

340

SiftonProperties

CorporationForBetterHousingMandalayHomesInc.

HandelArchitects

ThriveHomeBuilders

AffirmedHousing

DancoCommunities

CarmelPartners-UCDavisCommunityHousingWorksMRKPartners

ONIONFLATS

BridgeHousingCorporation

BrunsRealtyGroup

TeshaMalama

PalmCommunities

Recollective

PlanetGreenergy

ThriveCollaborative

Transformations,Inc.

FXCollaborative

ONCAAZNYCOCACACACACAPACANYHICABCFLCOMA

NY

TEAMZERO//2019-20ZeroEnergyResidentialBuildingsStudy9

TEAMZERO//2019-20ZeroEnergyResidentialBuildingsStudy10

PERCENTAGE

OFUNITS

BYENERGY

PERFORMANCE

Inournewlyaddedcategoryofoff-gridhomes,

atotalof3unitswasreported,allsingle-

family—toofewtoshowupinthecirclegraphs

below.

.A1%652.951%50%.1%61.7.57381%79%.561638.6%01225.%%20

ZEROENERGYREADYZEROENERGYNETPOSITIVE

TEAMZERO//2019-20ZeroEnergyResidentialBuildingsStudy11

SOLARHW(17)

NEWDATA

HereweshowsomemorenewinformationfromourZEprojectreporters—howthey’refuelingtheirprojectsandwhatspecial

energyfeaturesthey’reincorporating.

Becausefuelsandenergysystemfeaturesarenewdatarequeststhisyear,these

graphsrepresentasmallsubsetofallthe

projectsintheinventory,yetnevertheless

revealinterestingpatterns.

ALL-ELECTRIC

(198)

PELLETS(1)

PROPANE(11)

GEOTHERMAL(4)

WOOD(15)

NATURALGAS(66)

PVs(286)

(1)

(4)

BATTERY(25)

EV(67)

CHARGING

(13)

(12)

(12)

ZEFEATURES

298responses(projects):

.96%includephotovoltaics(PVs)

.22%includeelectricvehicle(EV)charging.8%includebatteries

.6%includesolarwaterheating

FUELTYPES

.4%includePVs,EVcharging,andbatteries

287responses(projects):

.69%all-electric

.23%electric+naturalgas

.5%electric+wood

.4%electric+propane

TEAMZERO//2019-20ZeroEnergyResidentialBuildingsStudy12

UNITSANDPROJECTSBYPHASE

Asnotedearlier,mostofthenumberscitedthroughoutthisreport

representonlyprojectsthatareinthefirstthreeofthefollowingphasesofdevelopment:

1.Completed

2.UnderConstruction

3.InDesign

4.Planned

Anadditional30,726residentialunitswerereportedtobeintheplanningphase—only129morethanlastyear.We’renotentirelysurewhatto

makeofthis,butwithZEcontinuingtoshowstronggrowthoverall,it’sreasonabletoconcludethatwe’recapturingonlyafractionoftheZEplanningpipeline.

RESIDENTIALZEROENERGYPIPELINE

Hereweshowthecurrentinventorybreakdownbyphase,forbothunitsandprojects:

COMPLETED

17,148UNITS

1,556

PROJECTS

UNDER

CONSTRUCTION

6,460191

UNITSPROJECTS

INDESIGN

4,357104

UNITSPROJECTS

PLANNED

30,72638

UNITSPROJECTS

BACKGROUND

ZEROENERGYBASICS

Insimplestterms,azeronetenergybuildingisonethatproducesasmuchrenewableenergyasit

consumeseachyear—the“net”referringtotheannualbalancebetweenenergyproductionandenergyconsumption.Innon-technicalcontexts,manypractitionersaremigratingtothemore

conversationalterm,“zeroenergy.”

Themostcommonrenewableenergysourcefora

zero-energyhomeisaphotovoltaic(PV)array,typicallyroof-mountedbutoccasionally

freestandingonthebuildingsite.

However,zeronetenergyisachievedbyworkingonenergyreduction,aswellasonenergy

production.Thusahighdegreeofenergy

efficiencyisatthecoreofzero-energyprojects;

withoutthatfoundation,fewprojectswouldhavespaceforaPVarraylargeenoughtomeettheirannualenergyneeds.

PROJECTCATEGORIES

“Zero,”intheory,isanabsolute,yettherealityisthatmanyhomes,althoughtheymaynotachievethatabsolutegoal,aredesignedaspartofthe

largermovementtowardszeroenergy,andwecanlearnfromallofthem.Soweincludedallofthem.

Thetableatrightdescribesourinventory

categoriesandhowtheyrelatetoanumberofZEprograms.Inallcases,wehavereliedon

DESCRIPTION:DOCUMENTATIONMUSTSHOWTHATTHE

RENEWABLEENERGYSYSTEM…

QUALIFYINGPROGRAMS

NetProducer

Supplies110%ormoreoftheannualenergydemand

<ILFINetPositiveEnergy

ZE

Supplies100%ormoreoftheannualenergydemand

<ILFIZeroEnergyBuildingCertification

<LEEDZeroCarbon-Operational

<LEEDZeroEnergy-Operational

<ThousandHomeChallenge(THCmustdesignateprojectasZE)

ZE-ready

Cansupply90%ormoreoftheannualenergydemand(orcould,if/when

renewableenergyisaddedorsystemcapacityisincreased);AND/ORenergyusedataarenotavailable

Allprogramsthatrelyonmodeledratherthanmeasuredenergyperformancefallintothiscategory.

<DOEZERH

<EarthAdvantageNetZero&NetZeroReady

<LEEDZeroCarbon-Design

<LEEDZeroEnergy-Design

<NGBSGreen+NetZeroEnergy

<PHI‘Classic’,‘Plus’&‘Premium’

<PHIUS+

<ThousandHomeChallenge

self-reporteddatafromouronlineinventoryformtocategorizeprojects.

Therearemanymore“solarhomes”thanzero-

energyhomes—wherePVsystemswereaddedtorelativelyinefficienthomes,anddon’tcomeclosetomeetingthehomes’annualenergy

demands.

Therearealsoprojectstoutedaszeronetenergythatareactuallyonlyzeronetelectricity—thatis,otherenergysources(e.g.,naturalgas,propane,or

solidfuels)usedinthebuildingsarenot

accountedforintheenergybalance.

LEEDandvirtuallyallotherNorthAmericangreenbuildingprogramsaddressenergyefficiencyand/orrenewableenergyinsomefashion,butjustafewexplicitlyidentifyorrewardzeroenergy

projects.Thosethatdid,in2015,assistedindevelopingtheprojectcategoriesusedinourinventoryanddatabaseproject.

Note:Although“zeroenergy”suggestsprecision,theinventorysoughttoidentifyallresidentialZEprojectsdesignedto

achieveenergyperformanceintherealmofzero.Allprojects

designedwiththisaimimportantlycontributetocreatinga

cleanenergyfuture,andtoourunderstandingofthemarketforZEdevelopmentintheUSandCanada.

TEAMZERO//2019-20ZeroEnergyResidentialBuildingsStudy13

TEAMZERO//2019-20ZeroEnergyResidentialBuildingsStudy14

WHOISTEAMZERO?

SincepublicationofthelastInventory,TEAMZERO,formerlytheNetZeroEnergyCoalition,hasjoinedforceswiththeEnergy&EnvironmentalBuildingAlliance(EEBA)toformaunifiedorganizationwiththesharedgoalofsustainable

markettransformationtowardsafuturewithZEROhealthimpact,ZEROenergy,andZEROcarbonhomes.

TEAMZEROVISION

Thebuiltenvironmentisapositiveassetonthecarbonbalancesheetoftheplanetby2050

.Newbuildingstozeronetoperatingcarbonby

2030

.Existingbuildingstozeronetoperatingcarbonby2050

.Integratebuildingsintoanoptimizedenergygrid.Eliminateembodiedcarboninbuildings

.Encouragepositiveenergybuildingsthatcanpowerelectricvehicles

TEAMZEROMISSION

Toun