統(tǒng)考版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)必修3Unit8Adventure課時(shí)提能練含解析北師大版

一輪復(fù)習(xí)精品資料(高中)PAGE1-課時(shí)提能練(十五)必修3Unit8Adventure(A)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2020·廣東惠州市第二次調(diào)研)Needafallfix?Tryonefromthesegreatplaces.1．MackinacIsland，MichiganTheonlywaytoreachthisfamedcar-freeislandisbyboat，andoncevisitorsarrive，they'reattractedbythehistory，sceneryandfallcolors.“It'sathrowbacktoyearspast，alittletown，andthere'sabigstateparkaswell，”Blackwellsays.“You'reallowedtohaveboatsallaroundtheisland.”2．TellicoLake，TennesseeWithnearly400milesofshoreline，thiswaterwayflowingoutoftheGreatSmokyMountainsislargelyunexploited，well-protectedinitsnaturalstate.Fallvisitorsfindarangeofcolorsreflectedinthecleanwaters，saysBlackwell，whovacationedintheareawithhisfamilyasachild.“Thethickforesttherejustallowsyoutoseemoregreeneryandwildlife.”3．DillonReservoir，ColoradoWithanhourfromDenver，thislakeishometowhatclaimstobethenation'shighestsailingclub，atanaltitudeofmorethan9,000feet.MarinasinthetownsofDillonandFriscomakeiteasytogetoutonthewaterandtoseethebrightyellowsandgoldsoffallleaves.“Peoplearesurprisedthatthere'sboatinginColorado，andyoucanseethemountainsjustbeforethesnowfall，”Blackwellsays.4．LakeMonroe，IndianaThestate'slargestlakeissurroundedbymorethan13,000acresofprotectedforestandthreerecreationareas，makingitanidealplacetoseefallcolors，particularlyfromoaksandthetulippoplar，thestatetree.“It'sagem(風(fēng)景優(yōu)美的地方)insouthernIndiana，”saysBlackwell，whogrewupinthearea.“Therearelotsofdifferentactivities:canoeing，kayakingandfishing.”〖語篇解讀〗本文主要介紹了美國的四個(gè)值得在秋天參觀的旅游景點(diǎn)。1．WhatisspecialaboutMackinacIsland?A．It'slikeamoderncity.B．Visitorscan'ttakeboatsaroundit.C．Visitorscanseevariouskindsofwildlifethere.D．Visitorscan'tgotherebycar.D〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MackinacIsland，Michigan部分中的“Theonlywaytoreachthisfamedcar-freeislandisbyboat”可知，到達(dá)這個(gè)著名的無車之島的唯一途徑是乘船，故選D。〗2．Whichissuitableforsomeonelookingforanundevelopedplaceforvacation?A．MackinacIsland，Michigan.B．TellicoLake，Tennessee.C．DillonReservoir，Colorado.D．LakeMonroe，Indiana.B〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TellicoLake，Tennessee部分中的“Withnearly400milesofshoreline...islargelyunexploited，well-protectedinitsnaturalstate”可知，這條從大煙山流出的水路有近400英里的海岸線，大部分未被開發(fā)，在自然狀態(tài)下得到了很好的保護(hù)，故選B?！?．Whatdothefourplaceshaveincommon?A．Blackwelloncetravelledthere.B．Theyareallfamoustouristdestinations.C．Theyaresurroundedbythickforests.D．Visitorscanenjoyfallcolorsthere.D〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MackinacIsland，Michigan部分中的“they'reattractedbythehistory，sceneryandfallcolors”；TellicoLake，Tennessee部分中的“Fallvisitorsfindarangeofcolors”；DillonReservoir，Colorado部分中的“toseethebrightyellowsandgoldsoffallleaves”和LakeMonroe，Indiana部分中的“makingitanidealplacetoseefallcolors”可知，四處景點(diǎn)的共同之處是：游客可以在那里欣賞秋天的顏色，故選D?！紹(2020·昆明市“三診一?！泵自\斷測試)Veryfewanimalsexceptdolphins，chimpanzees(黑猩猩)，andelephantshaveeverpassedthemirrortestforself-recognition.Scientistsbelievetheyhavefoundafishabletorecognizeitselfinamirror.Theresultissurprisingbecausethisabilityisusuallyonlyfoundinanimalswithbiggerbrains.Evenhumansdon'tusuallypassthemirrortestuntiltheyareaboutayearandahalfold.Totestthewrasse(隆頭魚)，asmallfishinthesea，scientistsputeachwrasseinatankwithamirror.Theygavethefishachancetogetusedtothemirrorandwatchedtheirreactions.Atfirst，thewrasseschallengedthe“otherfish”byswimminguptothemirrorand“fighting”themwiththemouth.Butsoonthewrassesseemedtounderstandthatsomethingfunnywashappening.Theybegantoswimtowardthemirrorupsidedownorinotherunusualways.Itwasliketheyweretestingwhetherthefishinthemirrorwerereallythemselves.Oncethewrassesseemedusedtothemirror，thescientistsgavethewrassesamarkbyputtingthefishtosleepandinjectingsomethingundertheirskin.Someofthefishgotabrownmark.Otherfishgotaclear“mark”thatdidn'thaveacolorandcouldn'tbeseeninamirror.Afterlookinginthemirror，thewrasseswiththebrownmarkswouldrubtheareawiththemarkagainstthesandinthebottomofthetank.Thentheywouldgobackandlookinthemirroragain，asifcheckingifthemarkwasstillthere.Butwhenwrasseswithbrownmarkswereputintankswithoutmirrors，theydidn'ttrytorubtheirmarksaway.Andwrasseswithclear“marks”didn'teither，evenwhentheycouldseethemselvesinthemirror.Theunexpectedresultsaremakingsomepeoplelookhardforotherwaystoexplainhowthewrassesreacted.Soeventhoughthewrassesseemtohavepassedthemirrortest，thescientistswillneedsometimetoreflectonexactlywhatthatmeans.〖語篇解讀〗除海豚、黑猩猩和大象這三種動物外，很少有動物能夠通過在鏡子中自我辨認(rèn)的測試。但科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)海洋中的一種小魚能夠通過在鏡子中自我辨認(rèn)的測試，這讓科學(xué)家們很吃驚。4．Whydothescientistsfeelsurprisedabouttheresult?A．Thefishhasabigbrain.B．Thefishsucceededinpassingthemirrortest.C．Chimpanzeesareascleverasdolphins.D．Elephantsfailedtopassthemirrortest.B〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句可知，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為他們發(fā)現(xiàn)一種魚能夠在鏡子中辨認(rèn)自己，這種能力通常只有具有較大的大腦的動物才具備，但是有一種魚也能在鏡子中辨認(rèn)自己，所以科學(xué)家們感到吃驚，故選B項(xiàng)?！?．Whatdidthescientiststakenoticeofthewrassesatfirst?A．Theyswaminunusualways.B．Theywantedtochallengethemselves.C．Theythoughtthemirrorinteresting.D．Theywereunawareofthemselvesinthemirror.D〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“Atfirst，thewrasses...withthemouth”可知，科學(xué)家們注意到這種魚一開始向鏡子中的“其他魚”挑戰(zhàn)，并用嘴攻擊鏡中的它們。由此可知，隆頭魚不知道鏡中的影像是自己。故選D項(xiàng)。〗6．Howdidthefishwithbrownmarksreactinthemirrortest?A．Theywouldrubtheareawiththemarksagainstsand.B．Theywouldpaynoattentiontomarks.C．Theywouldrestinthebottomofthetank.D．Theywouldswimupsidedowntothemirror.A〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段首句可知，帶有褐色記號的魚會在水槽底部的沙子上摩擦帶有記號的部位，故選A項(xiàng)?！?．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhyAreFishSmarterthanExpected?B．DoColorsAffecttheExperiment?C．HowIstheMirrorTestConducted?D．CanFishRecognizeThemselvesintheMirror?D〖標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Scientistsbelievetheyhavefoundafishabletorecognizeitselfinamirror”并結(jié)合第二至第四段介紹的測試過程可知，本文主要介紹了科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)海洋中的一種魚也能通過在鏡子中識別自己的測試，故D項(xiàng)適合作文章標(biāo)題?！舰?完形填空(2020·鄭州市高中畢業(yè)年級第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測)Fiveyearsago，Itookacareerriskbyleavingmyjobtoworkonaship.Mymedicalfriendsdidtheirbesttopersuademe，sayingthatrunningawaytoseawould__1__mycareer.Butaftertheseyearsworkingasajuniordoctor，Iwaswillingtotaketherisk.__2__foradventure，IboardedashipinSingaporewith2,000passengersandcrew.Tomy__3__，thehospitalwaswellequipped，withanX-raymachineandabloodanalyser.Thatfirstvoyagewasalearningexperience，a__4___schedulefullofsafetydrills.Therewassomuchnewinformationto__5__.Evenrememberingwhichuniformtoweareachdaywasa__6__.Mostconfused，Ioftenforgotto__7__myclockwhentheshipcrossedtimezones.Asadoctor，Iwas__8__forthe600crew，andIwasoncallfortheentireship.Farfrom__9__seasicknessandsunburn，Ihadtodealwithotherdiseases，forIhavedifferentkindsofpatients.Theship'smedicalcenterwas__10__afloatingemergencyroom，andwedidn'thaveateamofspecialistsonhandforasecond__11__.Withlongandunpredictablehours，itrequiredmental__12__.Asyoucanguess，manyofthepassengerswereelderly.Heartattacksdon't__13__geographyandemergencyevacuations(疏散)weredifficulttoarrange.Icouldrememberonesuchpatient，whowastakenofftheshiphalfwaythroughthePanamaCanal.Aftera__14__rideinanoldambulance，Iwasrelievedthatthepatient__15__longenoughtoarriveatthehospitalinPanamaCity.__16__，therewereseveralunexpectedbenefitsofthejob.Iregularly__17__thepassengerfacilities(設(shè)施)．Onraredaysoff，I__18__asatourguideontripsashore.IgottoflyoverAlaskainaseaplaneandwatchedaballetinStPetersburg.Now，Iunderstandbeingashipdoctorisnotajob—it'sawayof__19__.Oneyearatseabecametwo.Ilostmycareerambitions，__20__Iredefinedhappinessinmylife.〖語篇解讀〗五年前，作者辭去了原有的工作去船上當(dāng)醫(yī)生。在此過程中，作者遭遇了很多挑戰(zhàn)，但這份工作也有一些出乎意料的好處；作者失去了職業(yè)目標(biāo)，但重新定義了自己生活中的幸福。1．A.block B．buildC．ruin D．improveC〖根據(jù)語境和前一句中的“tookacareer”可推知，作者醫(yī)學(xué)界的朋友盡力勸作者不要辭職去船上當(dāng)醫(yī)生，他們說這會毀了作者的職業(yè)生涯。〗2．A.Hungry B．SkilfulC．Suitable D．ConcernedA〖根據(jù)第一段表述的作者的朋友勸作者不要辭職而作者卻堅(jiān)持這樣做并結(jié)合語境可知，作者渴求冒險(xiǎn)?！?．A.shock B．disappointmentC．excitement D．reliefD〖根據(jù)該句中的“thehospitalwaswellequipped”與上文中的“risk”形成對比可推知，作者上船后發(fā)現(xiàn)醫(yī)院設(shè)備精良，并不像自己之前所設(shè)想的那么糟糕，因此感到慶幸。toone'srelief表示“令某人慶幸的是”。〗4．A.daily B．tightC．strict D．flexibleB〖根據(jù)該句中的“fullofsafetydrills”可推知，第一次海上航行日程安排得滿，有很多安全演練。tight“(時(shí)間)緊的”?！?．A.takein B．figureoutC．searchfor D．pickoverA〖根據(jù)上文中的“Thatfirstvoyagewasalearningexperience”可推知，第一次海上航行是一次學(xué)習(xí)的經(jīng)歷，作者有許多新的信息需要吸收。takesth.in“理解，記住，領(lǐng)會”；picksth.over“篩選”。〗6．A.living B．riskC．challenge D．choiceC〖根據(jù)前一句可知，作者有很多新的信息需要吸收，并結(jié)合語境可推知，記得每天穿哪套制服對作者來講也是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)?！?．A.watch B．repairC．check D．setD〖根據(jù)空后的“myclock”和“crossedtimezones”并結(jié)合常識可推知，作者在船跨過時(shí)區(qū)時(shí)經(jīng)常忘記調(diào)整好時(shí)鐘。set“調(diào)整好”?！?．A.powerful B．responsibleC．hopeful D．helpfulB〖根據(jù)該句中的“Iwasoncallfortheentireship”可推知，作為一名醫(yī)生，作者要對船上的600名工作人員負(fù)責(zé)，對整個(gè)船上的人來說，作者要隨叫隨到。beresponsiblefor“對……負(fù)責(zé)”?！?．A.treating B．sufferingC．escaping D．stoppingA〖根據(jù)該句中的“Ihadtodealwithotherdiseases”可知，作者不僅僅要治療暈船和曬傷，還要應(yīng)對其他疾病。farfromdoingsth.“遠(yuǎn)非”?！?0．A.exactly B．particularlyC．certainly D．a(chǎn)ctuallyD〖根據(jù)語境可知，作者覺得這個(gè)醫(yī)療中心實(shí)際上就是一個(gè)漂浮的急診室，他們并沒有一個(gè)專家團(tuán)隊(duì)可隨時(shí)用來征詢其他的意見。exactly“精確地，確切地”?！?1．A.examination B．considerationC．opinion D．discussionC〖參見上題〖解析〗?！?2．A.comfort B．communicationC．toughness D．pressureC〖根據(jù)該句中的“withlongandunpredictablehours”可推知，在精神上也需要很堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3．A.careabout B．refertoC．botherwith D．relyonA〖根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合常識可知，心臟病發(fā)作不分地點(diǎn)，在船上安排緊急疏散很困難。careabout“關(guān)注，在意”符合語境。botherwithsth.“花費(fèi)時(shí)間精力做某事”?！?4．A.relaxing B．boringC．promising D．terrifyingD〖根據(jù)該句中的“inanoldambulance”和“Iwasrelieved”可推知，當(dāng)時(shí)在陳舊的救護(hù)車上經(jīng)歷了一段可怕的行程。terrifying“極其可怕的”符合語境。promising“有希望的，有前途的”?！?5．A.survived B．struggledC．a(chǎn)woke D．stuckA〖根據(jù)該句中的“Iwasrelieved”可推知，那位病人最終活著到了醫(yī)院，作者也松了一口氣。〗16．A.Steadily B．ThankfullyC．Importantly D．GenerallyB〖根據(jù)該句中的“therewereseveralunexpectedbenefitsofthejob”并結(jié)合上文所講的作者在從事這項(xiàng)工作的過程中遇到的一些挑戰(zhàn)可推知，此處表示“幸虧，這項(xiàng)工作有一些意想不到的好處”。〗17．A.cleaned B．fixedC．enjoyed D．protectedC〖結(jié)合上文中的“unexpectedbenefits”可推知，此處表示作者經(jīng)常享受乘客設(shè)施?！?8．A.returned B．travelledC．performed D．volunteeredD〖根據(jù)該句中的“Onraredaysoff”和“asatourguide”以及作者的醫(yī)生身份可推知，作者在休息日自愿當(dāng)導(dǎo)游。〗19．A.confidence B．lifeC．experience D．successB〖根據(jù)下文中的“Iredefinedhappinessinmylife”并結(jié)合作者在船上的工作經(jīng)歷和休息日的活動可推知，在船上當(dāng)醫(yī)生不僅僅是一個(gè)職業(yè)，而且也是一種生活方式?！?0．A.though B．unlessC．but D．orC〖該句中的“Ilostmycareerambitions”和“Iredefinedhappinessinmylife”構(gòu)成邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選C?！秸n時(shí)提能練(十六)必修3Unit8Adventure(B)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2020·云南省高中畢業(yè)生復(fù)習(xí)統(tǒng)一檢測)Peoplewhogrowupleft-handedhaveadifferent，moreflexiblebrainstructurethanthoseborntotakelifebytherighthand，sayresearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia，LosAngeles.Thereasonisthatright-handershavegenesthatforcetheirbrainsintoaslightlymoreone-sidedstructure，accordingtotheresearch.Left-handersappeartobemissingthosegenes.“Therereallyisadifferenceinbrainsthatresultsinamoresymmetric(對稱的)braininleft-handers，wherethetwosidesaremoreequal，”saidDanielGeschwind，wholedtheresearchteam.Intheefforttounderstandhowthebrainshapesthemind，researchershavebeentryingtodocumentthewaygenesandenvironmentaffectintelligenceandmentalabilities.Theyfoundthatright-orleft-handednessisdeterminedbygenes.Ifapersonhasthegeneforright-handedness，thatpersonwillberight-handed.Peoplewhodonothavethatgene，however，canbeeitherleft-orright-handed.Thereisnospecificgeneforleft-handedness.Right-handerstypicallyhavelargerleftbrains，wheretheirlanguageabilitiesareconcentrated.Conversely，left-handershavemorebalancedbrains.Thelanguageabilitiesofleft-handersmoreoftenareconcentratedontherightside.TheUCLAresearchersconductedbrainscanson72pairsofmaleidenticaltwins(同卵雙胞胎)between75and85yearsold.Theynoticedthatifidenticaltwinscarrythegeneforhandpreference，bothmustberight-handed.Iftheylackthegene，onetwincandevelopright-handedwhiletheothercandevelopleft-handed.Theresearchersfoundthatthebrainsofidenticalright-handedtwinswereverysimilarinsizeandstructure.Butwhenaleft-handerwaspartofthetwinset，thebrainsweredifferent.Theconclusionisthattheabsenceofthegeneforhandpreferenceallowsthebraintodevelopdifferentlyastheindividualgrowsup，researcherssaid.〖語篇解讀〗美國加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們習(xí)慣用哪只手是由基因決定的。1．WhatisthefindingoftheresearchersofUCLA?A．Left-handershavemorebalancedbrains.B．Right-handershavemoreflexiblebrains.C．Left-handers'brainsaremoreone-sided.D．Right-handers'brainsaremoresymmetric.A〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“thatresultsinamoresymmetric(對稱的)braininleft-handers，wherethetwosidesaremoreequal”以及第五段中的“l(fā)eft-handershavemorebalancedbrains”可知，慣用左手的人有更加平衡的大腦，故選A?！?．Whichelementdeterminesaperson'shandpreference?A．Environment. B．Intelligence.C．Habits. D．Genes.D〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theyfoundthatright-orleft-handednessisdeterminedbygenes”可知，人們習(xí)慣用哪只手是由基因決定的，故選D?！?．Whatcanbesaidaboutidenticaltwins?A．Theyalwayshavesimilarbrainstructure.B．Theynevercarrythegeneforhandpreference.C．Theyhavedifferentgenesforhandpreference.D．Theycanhavedifferenthandpreference.D〖推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的“Iftheylackthegene，onetwincandevelopright-handedwhiletheothercandevelopleft-handed”可推知，即使是同卵雙胞胎也有可能會有不同的慣用手，故選D?！?．WhatdidtheUCLAteamresearchon?A．People'sgeneticmakeup.B．People'shandpreference.C．People'sbrainsizes.D．People'scommunicativeskills.B〖推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六和第七段的內(nèi)容并結(jié)合文章的其他內(nèi)容可知，加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的研究人員研究了人們有不同的慣用手的原因，所以B項(xiàng)正確?！紹(2020·沈陽市級教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測)Bowheadwhales(弓頭鯨)canlive200yearsorlonger.Howtheydoitisnolongeramongthesecretsofthedeep.Scientistshavemappedthegeneticcodeofthislong-livedwhalespecies.TheinternationaleffortfoundunusualfeaturesintheArcticwhale'sgenes.Thosefeatureslikelyprotectthespeciesagainstcancerandotherproblemsrelatedtooldage.“Wehopetolearnwhatisthesecretofbowheadwhaleslivinglonger，healthierlives，”saidJoaoPedrodeMagalhaes.Heisagerontologist(apersonwhostudiestheprocessofpeoplegrowingold)attheUniversityofLiverpoolinEngland.Heisalsotheco-authorofthestudythatappearedonJanuary6,2015inCellReports.Histeamhopedthatitsnewfindingsmightonedaybeused“toimprovehumanhealthandlengthenhumanlife”．Noothermammalisknowntoliveaslongasthebowhead.Scientistshaveshownthatsomeofthesewhaleshavelivedwellbeyond100—includingonethatsurvivedto211.Magalhaes'teamwantedtounderstandhowthebowheadcanlivesolong.Tostudythis，theexpertsanalyzedtheanimal'scompletesetofgenes，calleditsgenome(基因組)．Theteamalsocomparedthewhale'sgenometothatofhumans，miceandcows.Thescientistsdiscovereddifferences，includingmutations(突變)，inthewhale'sgenes.Thosechangesarelinkedtocancer，ageingandcellgrowth.TheresultssuggestthatthewhalesarebetterthanhumansatrepairingtheirDNA.That'simportantbecausedamagedorflawedDNAcanleadtodiseases，includingsomecancers.Bowheadwhalesarealsobetteratkeepingabnormallydividingcellsincheck.Together，thechangesappeartoallowbowheadwhalestolivelongerwithoutdevelopingage-relateddiseasessuchascancer，saidMagalhaes.〖語篇解讀〗本文介紹了英國利物浦大學(xué)的老年學(xué)專家JoaoPedrodeMagalhaes及其團(tuán)隊(duì)通過分析弓頭鯨的基因組，并將其與人類、老鼠等的基因組比較之后發(fā)現(xiàn)，弓頭鯨長壽的秘訣在于其更擅長修復(fù)DNA以及控制異常分裂的細(xì)胞。5．Whatdowelearnaboutbowheadwhales?A．Theiraveragelifeis100.B．TheyliveintheArcticOcean.C．Theydon'thaveageingproblems.D．Theyarethelongest-livedanimals.B〖推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是第四句“TheinternationaleffortfoundunusualfeaturesintheArcticwhale'sgenes”可推知，弓頭鯨生活在北冰洋，故選B。〗〖干擾項(xiàng)分析〗由第一段第三句“Scientistshavemappedthegeneticcodeofthislong-livedwhalespecies”和第三段第一句“Noothermammalisknowntoliveaslongasthebowhead”可知，文章只是提到弓頭鯨是一種長壽的鯨類，沒有其他哺乳動物像弓頭鯨一樣長壽，并沒有說弓頭鯨是最長壽的動物，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；另外，考生應(yīng)特別注意選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的最高級表達(dá)，這類選項(xiàng)大多數(shù)情況下為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。6．Whydidscientistsmapthegeneticcodeofbowheadwhales?A．Tolengthenhumanlife.B．Tofindoutacureforcancer.C．Topreventage-relateddiseases.D．Todiscoverthesecretoflonglife.D〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“Wehopetolearnwhatisthesecretofbowheadwhaleslivinglonger，healthierlives”可知，JoaoPedrodeMagalhaes及其團(tuán)隊(duì)了解弓頭鯨遺傳密碼信息的原因是要發(fā)現(xiàn)其長壽的秘訣，故D項(xiàng)正確?！?．Whatallowsbowheadwhalestolivealongerandhealthierlife?A．Celldivision.B．Genemutation.C．ThegoodDNArepairsystem.D．Perfectlivingenvironment.C〖推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后兩句“TheresultssuggestthatthewhalesarebetterthanhumansatrepairingtheirDNA.That'simportantbecausedamagedorflawedDNAcanleadtodiseases，includingsomecancers”可推知，弓頭鯨更長壽且更健康的原因之一是其良好的DNA修復(fù)系統(tǒng)，故選C?！?．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Entertainment. B．Culture.C．Education. D．Scientificresearch.D〖文章出處題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了JoaoPedrodeMagalhaes及其團(tuán)隊(duì)通過分析和對比的方法發(fā)現(xiàn)了弓頭鯨長壽的秘訣，故本文可能出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的科學(xué)研究版塊，故選D?！舰?閱讀七選五(2020·蘭州市診斷考試)LearningtoGiveaPepTalk(打氣)Everyonewantstobethetypeofpersonwhogivesthecriticaltalkthatturnsaroundafriend'soutlook.However，givingagoodpeptalkisn'teasy.__1__.Youneedtonotonlylistenandunderstand，butalsostresstheotherperson'sstrengths.Youalsoneedtoknowwhentostoptalking.“Alotofpeoplethinktheyaregivingapeptalk，buttheyarejustsayingwhattheywouldwanttohear，”saysStacyKaiser，apsychotherapist(心理治療師)inLosAngeles.Insteadofinstantlytellingsomeonewhattodo，askhimwhatactionhehasthoughtabouttakingandwhyhethinksitwillbebeneficial.“Don'tjumprightinandinsist‘You'llbefine，’”saysKaiser.__2__.Repeattheconcernsforthepersonoutloud，sohefeelsheard.Then，showyourfriendthatyoubelieveinhimandthathehaswhatittakestogetthroughthishardtime.Stresshisstrengths.__3__.Youcan'tguaranteesuccess，butyoucanremindthepersonthathehasbeenthroughatoughtimebeforeandhasgottenthroughit.Atlast，Kaisersaysyoumustknowwhentostop.“__4__.Don'targueifthepersondisagreeswithwhatyouaresaying.Instead，tellhim‘Iamsorryyouarehavingsuchahardtime.’Andthenbackdown.”Kaisersayshehaslearnedtogivegoodpeptalksbygivingbadones.Helostanumberoflovedonesduringashortperiod.“Timingiseverything.”Thereisatimetogiveapeptalk，andthereisatimetojustlisten.__5__.A．LetyourfriendhavehismomentB．GiveyourpeptalkandthenshutupC．ArguingwithyourfriendmakesnosenseD．ShowyourfriendthatyouunderstandwhyheissadE．Heisn'tinterestedinwhathisbestfriendsreallyneedF．ItrequiresanunderstandingofwhatyouraudienceneedsG．Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatpeptalksareabouthope〖語篇解讀〗本文主要論述了給別人打氣的方法，包括關(guān)心令朋友傷心的事情、注意傾聽、將時(shí)間交給朋友、選擇合適時(shí)機(jī)停止說話等。1．F〖根據(jù)下文可知，你不僅需要傾聽和理解，還要強(qiáng)調(diào)別人的長處，知道在什么時(shí)候停止說話；據(jù)此可以推知，你需要理解你的聽眾需要什么。故F項(xiàng)正確。〗2．D〖根據(jù)后一句“Repeattheconcernsforthepersonoutloud，sohefeelsheard”可知，你要大聲說出對這個(gè)人的關(guān)心；據(jù)此可以推知，空處表示“要向朋友表現(xiàn)出你理解他為什么會傷心”，故D項(xiàng)正確?！?．G〖根據(jù)空處所在的位置可知，空處為該段主題句，根據(jù)空后的“Youcan'tguaranteesuccess，butyoucanremindthepersonthathehasbeenthroughatoughtimebeforeandhasgottenthroughit”可知，你可以提醒朋友他之前已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過一段艱難的時(shí)期，并且已經(jīng)挺過來了。據(jù)此可以推知，該段主要陳述要鼓勵(lì)朋友看到希望，故G項(xiàng)與此處匹配?！?．B〖由前一句可知，本段主要陳述選擇時(shí)機(jī)停止說話；結(jié)合下文可知，在鼓勵(lì)朋友之后，選擇恰當(dāng)時(shí)機(jī)停止說話，而不是和朋友爭論，故B項(xiàng)正確?！?．A〖根據(jù)上句中的“andthereisatimetojustlisten”可知，在給朋友打氣時(shí)要學(xué)會傾聽，將時(shí)間交給朋友，故A項(xiàng)正確?！舰?語法填空(2020·洛陽市第二次統(tǒng)一考試)I'venoticedmanypeoplehavingacold，andit'snotevenfallyet.Whydoesthecoldoccurmorefrequentlyduringthefallandwinter1.________(month)?It'sactuallynotthecoldweather2.________(it)thatcausesthecold.Butrather，itismostlikelytobecausedbypeoplespending3.________(much)timeindoorsclosetoeachother，makingthespreadofgerms(病菌)morereadily.Thisisanotherreason4.________childreninthedaycarecentreorschoolaremorelikelytopickupthecold.WhenIworkedinadoctor'sclinicafewyearsback，itwasoneofthe5.________(lead)reasonswhypeoplevisitedthedoctorinfallandwinter.Millionsofpeoplesufferfromthecoldeachyear.Asaresult，school6._________(absent)isfrequentlyreported，witharound22milliondaysannually.Howcanyouavoidgettingacold?Amongthecommonly7.________(recognize)tips，washingyourhandsis8.________mostimportantone.Thecoldisspreadeitherbydirectlytouchinginfectedsecretions(分泌物)，orbytaking9.________theairborneparticles(微粒)．Also，coldandfluvirusesgetintothebodyviatheeyes，nose，ormouth.So，10.________(try)toavoidtouchingyourface，especiallywithoutwashingyourhandsfirst.〖語篇解讀〗文章主要分析了秋冬季節(jié)人容易感冒的原因及預(yù)防感冒的措施。1．months〖考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)空前的“thefallandwinter”并結(jié)合常識可知，秋冬季節(jié)不止一個(gè)月，故填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式?！?．itself〖考查代詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“事實(shí)上，并不是寒冷的天氣本身導(dǎo)致了感冒”，故應(yīng)填反身代詞itself?！?．more〖考查限定詞的比較級。根據(jù)該句中的“morereadily”可知，此處也應(yīng)表示比較的含義，故填限定詞的比較級?！?．why〖考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作原因狀語，先行詞為anotherreason，故填why?！?．leading〖考查形容詞。修飾名詞reasons要用形容詞，故填leading，意為“主要的”?！?．a(chǎn)bsence〖考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處所填的詞要與school一起構(gòu)成句子的主語，又結(jié)合語境可知，此處表示缺課，故填名詞absence?！?．recognized〖考查非謂語動詞。此處修飾后面的名詞tips且該空前有副詞commonly修飾，故要用過去分詞形式recognized，意為“被認(rèn)可的”?！?．the〖考查冠詞。此處mostimportant是形容詞的最高級；在句中作定語修飾one，其前一般要加the?！?．in〖考查介詞。此處表示“或者通過吸入空氣傳播的微?！?，takein意為“吸入”，為固定用法?！?0．try〖此處表示建議，應(yīng)用以動詞原形開頭的祈使句，故填try?！舰?短文改錯(cuò)(2020·南昌市一模)Yesterdaywewenttoanearbyvillagestohelpthepeasantsgetinthecrops.Weleaveourschoolearlyinthemorning.Ittookushalfanhourtoreachvillage.Assoonaswegothere，wejoinedinthepeasantsintheirharvestingwork.Theytaughtmehowtocutriceandhowtotieit.Itwasinthefieldswhichwehadourlunch.Afterlunch，wehadashortrest.Wewereattractbythebeautifulsceneryofthecountryside.Itgotdarkerwhenwereturnedhome.Wewereverytired，butwefeltpleasing.〖〖答案〗〗Y(jié)esterdaywewenttoanearbyeq\f(villages,village)tohelpthepeasantsgetinthecrops.Weeq\f(leave,left)ourschoolearlyinthemorning.Ittookushalfanhourtoreacheq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(the))village.Assoonaswegoteq\f(here,there)，wejoinedeq\o(in,＼)thepeasantsintheirharvestingwork.Theytaughteq\f(me,us)howtocutriceandhowtotieit.Itwasinthefieldseq\f(which,that)wehadourlunch.Afterlunch，wehadashortrest.Wewereeq\f(attract,attracted)bythebeautifulsceneryofthecountryside.Itgoteq\f(darker,dark)whenwereturnedhome.Wewereverytired，butwefelteq\f(pleasing,pleased).課時(shí)提能練(十五)必修3Unit8Adventure(A)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2020·廣東惠州市第二次調(diào)研)Needafallfix?Tryonefromthesegreatplaces.1．MackinacIsland，MichiganTheonlywaytoreachthisfamedcar-freeislandisbyboat，andoncevisitorsarrive，they'reattractedbythehistory，sceneryandfallcolors.“It'sathrowbacktoyearspast，alittletown，andthere'sabigstateparkaswell，”Blackwellsays.“You'reallowedtohaveboatsallaroundtheisland.”2．TellicoLake，TennesseeWithnearly400milesofshoreline，thiswaterwayflowingoutoftheGreatSmokyMountainsislargelyunexploited，well-protectedinitsnaturalstate.Fallvisitorsfindarangeofcolorsreflectedinthecleanwaters，saysBlackwell，whovacationedintheareawithhisfamilyasachild.“Thethickforesttherejustallowsyoutoseemoregreeneryandwildlife.”3．DillonReservoir，ColoradoWithanhourfromDenver，thislakeishometowhatclaimstobethenation'shighestsailingclub，atanaltitudeofmorethan9,000feet.MarinasinthetownsofDillonandFriscomakeiteasytogetoutonthewaterandtoseethebrightyellowsandgoldsoffallleaves.“Peoplearesurprisedthatthere'sboatinginColorado，andyoucanseethemountainsjustbeforethesnowfall，”Blackwellsays.4．LakeMonroe，IndianaThestate'slargestlakeissurroundedbymorethan13,000acresofprotectedforestandthreerecreationareas，makingitanidealplacetoseefallcolors，particularlyfromoaksandthetulippoplar，thestatetree.“It'sagem(風(fēng)景優(yōu)美的地方)insouthernIndiana，”saysBlackwell，whogrewupinthearea.“Therearelotsofdifferentactivities:canoeing，kayakingandfishing.”〖語篇解讀〗本文主要介紹了美國的四個(gè)值得在秋天參觀的旅游景點(diǎn)。1．WhatisspecialaboutMackinacIsland?A．It'slikeamoderncity.B．Visitorscan'ttakeboatsaroundit.C．Visitorscanseevariouskindsofwildlifethere.D．Visitorscan'tgotherebycar.D〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MackinacIsland，Michigan部分中的“Theonlywaytoreachthisfamedcar-freeislandisbyboat”可知，到達(dá)這個(gè)著名的無車之島的唯一途徑是乘船，故選D?！?．Whichissuitableforsomeonelookingforanundevelopedplaceforvacation?A．MackinacIsland，Michigan.B．TellicoLake，Tennessee.C．DillonReservoir，Colorado.D．LakeMonroe，Indiana.B〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TellicoLake，Tennessee部分中的“Withnearly400milesofshoreline...islargelyunexploited，well-protectedinitsnaturalstate”可知，這條從大煙山流出的水路有近400英里的海岸線，大部分未被開發(fā)，在自然狀態(tài)下得到了很好的保護(hù)，故選B。〗3．Whatdothefourplaceshaveincommon?A．Blackwelloncetravelledthere.B．Theyareallfamoustouristdestinations.C．Theyaresurroundedbythickforests.D．Visitorscanenjoyfallcolorsthere.D〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MackinacIsland，Michigan部分中的“they'reattractedbythehistory，sceneryandfallcolors”；TellicoLake，Tennessee部分中的“Fallvisitorsfindarangeofcolors”；DillonReservoir，Colorado部分中的“toseethebrightyellowsandgoldsoffallleaves”和LakeMonroe，Indiana部分中的“makingitanidealplacetoseefallcolors”可知，四處景點(diǎn)的共同之處是：游客可以在那里欣賞秋天的顏色，故選D。〗B(2020·昆明市“三診一模”摸底診斷測試)Veryfewanimalsexceptdolphins，chimpanzees(黑猩猩)，andelephantshaveeverpassedthemirrortestforself-recognition.Scientistsbelievetheyhavefoundafishabletorecognizeitselfinamirror.Theresultissurprisingbecausethisabilityisusuallyonlyfoundinanimalswithbiggerbrains.Evenhumansdon'tusuallypassthemirrortestuntiltheyareaboutayearandahalfold.Totestthewrasse(隆頭魚)，asmallfishinthesea，scientistsputeachwrasseinatankwithamirror.Theygavethefishachancetogetusedtothemirrorandwatchedtheirreactions.Atfirst，thewrasseschallengedthe“otherfish”byswimminguptothemirrorand“fighting”themwiththemouth.Butsoonthewrassesseemedtounderstandthatsomethingfunnywashappening.Theybegantoswimtowardthemirrorupsidedownorinotherunusualways.Itwasliketheyweretestingwhetherthefishinthemirrorwerereallythemselves.Oncethewrassesseemedusedtothemirror，thescientistsgavethewrassesamarkbyputtingthefishtosleepandinjectingsomethingundertheirskin.Someofthefishgotabrownmark.Otherfishgotaclear“mark”thatdidn'thaveacolorandcouldn'tbeseeninamirror.Afterlookinginthemirror，thewrasseswiththebrownmarkswouldrubtheareawiththemarkagainstthesandint