考研歷年英二真題閱讀文

考研歷年英二真題閱讀文

考研歷年英二真題閱讀文1

Text3

Thepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthe

digitaleconomyisastonishing-Amazonhasjust

announcedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychain

WholeFoodsfor$13.5bn,buttwoyearsagoFacebook

paidevenmorethanthattoacquiretheWhatsApp

messagingservice,whichdoesn'thaveanyphysical

productatall.WhatWhatsAppofferedFacebookwasan

intricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusers'

friendshipsandsociallives.

FacebookpromisedtheEuropeanmissionthenthat

itwouldnotlinkphonenumberstoFacebook

identities,butitbrokethepromisealmostassoon

asthedealwentthrough.Evenwithoutknowingwhat

wasinthemessages,theknowledgeofwhosentthem

andtowhomwasenormouslyrevealingandstillcould

be.Whatpoliticaljournalist,whatpartywhip,would

notwanttoknowthemakeupoftheWhatsAppgroupsin

whichThereaMay'senemiesarecurrentlyplotting?It

maybethatthevalueofWholeFoodstoAmazonisnot

somuchthe460shopsitowns,buttherecordsof

whichcustomershavepurchasedwhat.

Competitionlawappearstobetheonlywayto

addresstheseimbalancesofpower.Butitisclumsy.

Foronething,itisveryslowparedtothepaceof

Changewithinthedigitaleconomy.Bythetimea

problemhasbeenaddressedandremedieditmayhave

vanishedinthemarketplace,tobereplacedbynew

abusesofpower.Butthereisadeeperconceptual

problem,too.Competitionlawaspresently

interpreteddealswithfinancialdisadvantageto

consumersandthisisnotobviouswhentheusersof

theseservicesdon*tpayforthem.Theusersoftheir

Servicesarenottheircustomers.Thatwouldbethe

peoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem-andFacebookand

Google,thetwovirtualgiants,dominatedigital

advertisingtothedisadvantageofallothermedia

andentertainmentpanies.

Theproductthey'resellingisdata,andwe,the

users,convertourlivestodateforthebenefitof

thedigitalgiants.Justassomeantsfarmthebugs

calledaphidsforthehoneydewtheproducewhenthey

feed,soGooglefarmsusforthedatathatour

digitallivesyield.Antskeeppredatoryinsectsaway

fromwheretheiraphidsfeed；Gmailkeepsthespamme

outofourinboxes.Itdoesn*tfeellikeahumanor

democraticrelationship,evenifbothsidesbenefit.

31.AccordingtoParagraph1,Facebookacquired

WhatsAppforits.

[A]digitalproducts

[B]userinformation

[C]physicalassets

[D]qualityservice

32.LinkingphonenumberstoFacebookidentities

may.

[A]worsenpoliticaldisputes

[B]messupcustomerrecords

[C]posearisktoFacebookusers

[D]misleadtheEuropeanmission

33.Accordingtotheauthor,petitionlaw.

[A]shouldseverthenewmarketpowers

[B]mayworsentheeconomicimbalance

[C]shouldnotprovidejustonelegalsolution

[D]cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket

34.Competitionlawaspresentlyinterpretedcan

hardlyprotectFacebookusersbecause.

[A]theyarenotdefinedascustomers

[B]theyarenotfinanciallyreliable

[C]theservicesaregenerallydigital

[D]theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers

35.Theantsanalogyisusedtoillustrate.

[A]awin-winbusinessmodelbetweendigital

giants

[B]atypicalpetitionpatternamongdigital

giants

[C]thebenefitsprovidedfordigital

giants'customers

[D]therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsand

theirusers

考研歷年英二真題閱讀文2

Text3

Evenintraditionaloffices,"thelinguafrancaof

corporateAmericahasgottenmuchmoreemotionaland

muchmoreright-brainedthanitwas20yearsago,"

saidHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorNancyKoehn

Shestartedspinningoffexamples."IfyouandIpa

rachutedbacktoFortune500paniesin1990,wewould

seemuchlessfrequentuseoftermslikeJourney,

mission,passion.Thereweregoals,therewere

strategies,therewereobjectives,butwedidn'ttalk

aboutenergy；wedidn*ttalkaboutpassion.”

Koehnpointedoutthatthisneweraofcorporate

vocabularyisvery"team"-oriented-andnotby

coincidence."Let'snotforgetsDorts-inmale-

dominatedcorporateAmerica,it'sstillabigdeal.

It'snotexplicitlyconscious；it'stheideathatI'm

acoach,andyou'remyteam,andwe*reinthis

togethec.TherearelotsandlotsofCEOsinvery

differentpanies,butmostthinkofthemselvesas

coachesandthisistheirteamandtheywanttowin'1.

Thesetermsarealsointendedtoinfuseworkwith

meaning-and,asKhuranapointsout,increase

allegiancetothefirm."Youhavetheimportationof

terminologythathistoricallyusedtobeassociated

withnon-profitorganizationsandreligious

organizations：Termslikevision,values,passion,

andpurpose,"saidKhurana

Thisnewfocusonpersonalfulfillmentcanhelp

keepemployeesmotivatedamidincreasinglyloud

debatesoverwork-lifebalanceThenmommywars"of

the1990sarestillgoingontoday,prompting

argumentsaboutwhywomenstillcan'thaveitalland

bookslikeSherylSandberg'sLeanIn,whosetitlehas

beeabuzzwordinitsownright.Termslikeunplug,

offline,life-hack,bandwidth,andcapacityareall

aboutsettingboundariesbetweentheofficeandthe

homeButifyourworkisyour"passion,"you'IIbe

morelikelytodevoteyourselftoit,evenifthat

meansgoinghomefordinnerandthenworkinglong

afterthekidsareinbed

Butthisseemstobetheironyofofficespeak：

Everyonemakesfunofit,butmanagersloveit,

paniesdependonit,andregularpeoplewillingly

absorbitAsNunbergsaid,"Youcangetpeopleto

thinkit'snonsenseatthesametimethatyoubuyinto

it.nInaworkplacethat'sfundamentallyindifferent

toyourlifeanditsmeaningofficespeakcanhelpyou

figureouthowyourelatetoyourwork-andhowyour

workdefineswhoyouare

31.AccordingtoNancyKoehn,officelanguagehas

bee________

[A]moreemotional

[B]moreobjective

[C]lessenergetic

[D]lessenergetic

[E]lessstrategic

32."team"-orientedcorporatevocabularyisclosely

relatedto

[A]historicalincidents

[B]genderdifference

[C]sportsculture

[D]athleticexecutives

33.Khuranabelievesthattheimportationof

terminologyaimsto

[A]revivehistoricalterms

[B]promotepanyimage

[C]fostercorporatecooperation

[D]strengthenemployeeloyalty-

34.ItcanbeinferredthatLeanIn

[A]voicesforworkingwomen

[B]appealstopassionateworkaholics

[C]triggersdebatesamongmommies

[Dipraisesmotivatedemployees

35.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabout

officespeak?

[A]Managersadmireitbutavoidit

[B]Linguistsbelieveittobenonsense

[C]Companiesfindittobefundamental

[D]Regularpeoplemockitbutacceptit

考研歷年英二真題閱讀文3

Text3

Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughweareprone

tosnapoverreactions,ifwetakeamomentandthink

abouthowwearelikelytoreact,wecanreduceor

eveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquick,

hard-wiredresponses.

Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms；

ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerous,our

brainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactvery

quickly,withinmilliseconds.Butweneedmoretime

toassessotherfactors.Toaccuratelytellwhether

someoneissociable,studiesshow,weneedatleasta

minute,preferablyfive.Ittakesawhiletojudge

plexaspectsofpersonality,likeneuroticismor

open-mindedness.

Butsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuli

aren,texclusivetotheinterpersonalrealm.

PsychologistsattheUniversityofTorontofoundthat

viewingafast-foodlogoforjustafewmilliseconds

primesustoread20percentfaster,eventhough

readinghaslittletodowitheating.We

unconsciouslyassociatefastfoodwithspeedand

impatienceandcarrythoseimpulsesintowhatever

elsewe'redoing,Subjectsexposedtofast-food

flashesalsotendtothinkamusicalpiecelaststoo

long.

Yetwecanreversesuchinfluences.Ifweknowwe

willoverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousing

optionswhenweseeahappyface(onereasongood

salesrepresentativesandrealestateagentsare

alwayssmiling),wecantakeamomentbeforebuying.

Ifweknowfemalejobscreenersaremorelikelyto

rejectattractivefemaleapplicants,wecanhelp

screenersunderstandtheirbiases-orhireoutside

screeners.

JohnGottman,themarriageexpert,explainsthat

wequickly“thinslice“informationreliablyonly

afterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsin“thick

sliced“l(fā)ong-termstudy.WhenDr.Gottmanreally

wantstoassesswhetheracouplewillstaytogether,

heinvitesthemtohisislandretreatforamuck

longerevaluation；twodays,nottwoseconds.

Ourabilitytomuteourhard-wiredreactionsby

pausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals：doge

canthinkaboutthefutureonlyintermittentlyorfor

afewminutes.Buthistoricallywehavespentabout

12percentofourdayscontemplatingthelongerterm.

Althoughtechnologymightchangethewaywereact,it

hasn'tchangedournature.Westillhavethe

imaginativecapacitytoriseabovetemptationand

reversethehigh-speedtrend.

31.Thetimeneededinmakingdecisionsmay.

[A]varyaccordingtotheurgencyofthesituation

[B]provetheplexityofourbrainreaction

[C]dependontheimportanceoftheassessment

[D]predeterminetheaccuracyofourjudgment

32.Ourreactiontoafast-foodlogoshowsthat

snaodecisions.

[A]canbeassociative

[B]arenotunconscious

[C]canbedangerous

[D]arenotimpulsive

33.Toreversethenegativeinfluencesofsnap

decisions,weshould.

[A]trustourfirstimpression

[B]doaspeopleusuallydo

[C]thinkbeforeweact

[D]askforexpertadvice

34.JohnGottmansaysthatreliablesnapreaction

arebasedon.

[A]criticalassessment

[B]''thinsliced''study

[C]sensibleexplanation

[D]adequateinformation

35.Theauthor'sattitudetowardreversingthe

high-speedtrendis.

[A]tolerant

[B]uncertain

EC]optimistic

[D]doubtful

考研歷年英二真題閱讀文4

Text4

Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructure

contributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyon

roads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingis

seldommentioned.

Whyisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsector

mustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodat

munieatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontribute

toeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthe

typicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshovefor

attentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructure

project,soitisinevitablethattheattentionis

focusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificant

reasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeenso

politicallycharged.

Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationis

desperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwe

aresimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.

Theprehensivespendingreviewoffersan

opportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.

Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideand

takesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.

Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingto

dojustthat.Themunitiesminister,DonFoster,has

hintedthatGeorgeOsborne,Chancellorofthe

Exchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothe

currentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescan

borrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidence

showsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltover

thenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,

increasingGDPby0.6%.

Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreater

certaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhave

asignificantimpactontheabilityofregistered

providerstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.

Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.While

thesemeasureswouldbeweleintheshortterm,we

mustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting?4.5bn

programmeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,

settoexpirein20XX,isunlikelytobeextended

beyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannounced

thatitwillretainalargepartof