適用于新高考新教材備戰(zhàn)2025屆高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)Unit6Disasterandhope外研版必修第三冊

Unit6DisasterandhopeⅠ.閱讀理解AInahigh-techlabonJohn’sHopkinsUniversity’sHomewoodcampusinMaryland,engineershavebeenbuildingarobotthatmaybeabletostitch(縫針)backtogetherthebrokentissuesinyourstomachandevenyourbrain,nodoctorneeded.Therobothasahigh-techcameraononearmandahigh-techsewingmachineonasecondarm.Thegoalistodevelop,inthenextseveralyears,arobotthatmakesthedelicateworkmoreconsistent.Therobot,knownasSmartTissueAutonomousRobot,orSTAR,whichisrunbyahighlyadvancedcomputerprogram,willadvancetechnologycurrentlyinwideuseinoperatingrooms.Therobotcompletesaboutastitchaminute,slightlyslowerthanahumansurgeon.Butthetestssofarhaveshownmoreconsistencythanwhatthehumanscanachieve.Longhoursoftraditionalsurgerycancausehumanhandstogettiredandtremble,whichmaycauseaccidentsduringanoperation.RobertLanger,anengineer,saidtheroboticarmcouldchangethewaysurgeriesaredone.HehashelpedfounddozensofbiotechcompaniesincludingGalenRobotics.TheroboticarmbeingdevelopedbyHopkinsengineersisthiscompany’sproduct.GalenCEOBruceLichorowiccomparedtheroboticarmtofutureforsurgeons,sayingitincreasestheirstability,reducestirednessandpreventscramps(抽搐)duringlongsurgeries,allofwhichleadtosafersurgeries.GalenRoboticshasitsrootsinresearchfromJohn’sHopkinsUniversity,butthecompanyhadbeenbasedinSiliconValleyuntil2019.“Thecompanycurrentlyemploysabout40people,abouthalfofwhomhaveadvanceddegreesfromJohn’sHopkins,”saidLichorowic,addingthatthecompanyplanstogrowto60positionsbytheendoftheyear.Galen’sroboticarmisnotforsaleyet,butLichorowicsaidthecompanyexpectstosubmitanapplicationtotheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)laterthisyear.1.WhatcanSTARdo?A.Shortenoperationtime.B.Replacehumansurgeons.C.Makeoperationssmooth.D.Advancemedicalstudies.2.WhatdoesLichorowicthinkofSTAR?A.Flexible.B.High-cost.C.Promising. D.Unpredictable.3.WhatcanweknowaboutGalenRobotics?A.ItissponsoredbyJohn’sHopkinsUniversity.B.ItstillhasitsbaseinSiliconValleynow.C.Itsrobotarmwillbereleasedlaterthisyear.D.Itisscheduledtoexpandwithinthisyear.4.Inwhichcolumnisthistextmostlikelytoappear?A.Mind&Brain.B.Health&Technology.C.Business&Investment.D.Physics&Medicine.BNooneintheUShas3D-printedatwo-storyhousebefore.Butnowthreecompaniesareworkingtogethertoprintthefirstlarge,two-storyhouseintheUS.Thehouse,whichisinHouston,Texas,wasdesignedbyacompany.Anothercompanyprovidedthe3Dprinter.Andaconstructioncompanyisdoingtheactualbuilding.LeslieLok,whodesignedthehouse,saystherearespecialchallengesinvolvedinprintingthetwo-storyhouse.Oneofthebiggestisthesizeofthemachineneededforthebuilding.The3DprinterinHoustonismassive.Itweighsover12tons.Ms.Loksaysprintingthehousewilltakethemassivemachineabout330hours.That’sabouteightnormalworkweeks.Buttheteamisn’tinarush.Thoughit’satwo-yearproject,theactualprintingdidn’tstartuntillastJuly.Thehouseisnowabouthalfwayfinished.“Wearenottryingtobeattheclock,”saysHikmatZerbe,whoworksfortheconstructioncompany.Instead,they’reusingthehouseasa“biglaboratory”tolearnmoreabout3D-printinghouses.Theywanttoseehowtheconcretereacts“underdifferentweatherconditions”.Theyalsowanttofigureouthowtomake3D-printingfasterandcheaper.Mr.Zerbesaysthatcurrently,3D-printingahousewithconcretecostsmorethanbuildingahousewithwood.That’spartlybecausethetechnologyisnew.Withtimegoingby,Mr.Zerbeexpectsthecostsof3D-printedhousestogodown.Hethinksprinterswillimproveandmakeiteasiertocreatemorehousesquickly.3D-printedconcretehousesarestrongerandholdupbetterinseriousstormsthanhousebuiltwithwood.Thiscansavemoneyinthelongrun.Sincethemachineisdoingthebuilding,fewerworkersareneeded,whichalsosavesmoney.Besides,with3D-printing,it’seasytomakeeachhousedifferentfromotherhouses.Thesekindsofchangescanapplytoalmostanytiling.HikmatZerbesaysthatmeansinthefuture,eachhousecouldbecreatedspeciallyforitsowner.5.Whatisabigprobleminprintingthetwo-storyhouse?A.Thelimitedtime.B.Thelackofskilledworkers.C.Theneedforhuge3Dprinters.D.Theshortageofbuildingmaterials.6.Whatistobestudiedinthebuildingprocess?A.Howtheprintedhousesstandwearandtear.B.How3D-printedhousesaremadestronger.C.Howworkerscanprintlargehousesquicker.D.Howconcretechangeswiththeshiftofweather.7.Whatisadisadvantageofthe3D-printedhouseatpresent?A.Itscostishigher.B.Itcan’tsurvivethestorm.C.Itusesspecialconcrete.D.Itneedsexperiencedworkers.8.HowdoesMr.Zerbefeelaboutthefutureof3D-printing?A.Negative. B.Unclear.C.Worried. D.Hopeful.Ⅱ.完形填空WhenIwasagraduatestudent,Ifelttoobusytoexercise.IpromisedmyselfI’ddoitonceI1school.IknewIwouldbebusyasanassistantprofessor.However,I2mywillpower.

WhenIstartedmyfirstjobatWilliamsCollege,I3didexerciseregularly.ItturnedoutthatIwasina(n)4thatofferedexcellentsupportforwhatI5todo.

Researchshowsthatour6areinfluencedbywhetherourenvironmentmakessomethingeasyordifficult.Eventhesmallestdifferencecanhaveanoutsized7.Inonestudy,researchers8itemsfromthefronttothebackofasaladbar—achangeofjust10inches—andthe9inconveniencemadepeopleeatlessoftheseitems.

MyplantoexercisebenefitedfromWilliamstown’slongwinter.Peoplefiguredthebestwaythroughitwastoget10happilyandenjoyit.Ikeptmeetingpeoplewhowere11joggers.WhenIstarted,theywerequicktooffersocial12.Withsomanyrunnersintown,itwaseasytofindtrails(小徑),includingthose13forbeginners.

Do14yourenvironmenttomakechallengingtaskseasier.Ifyouwanttosocialize,befriendoutgoingpersons.Or15yourcellphonewhenyouneedtoconcentrateonstudy.Therightsurroundingsaremorepowerfulthanwillpoweralone.

1.A.attended B.finished C.started D.quitted2.A.believedin B.insistedonC.reliedon D.gavein3.A.unwillingly B.virtuallyC.actually D.barely4.A.occupation B.situationC.position D.environment5.A.hoped B.insisted C.hesitated D.managed6.A.experiences B.choicesC.insights D.emotions7.A.advantage B.rewardC.effect D.risk8.A.examined B.connectedC.counted D.moved9.A.obvious B.major C.unique D.slight10.A.aboard B.outdoors C.home D.inside11.A.enthusiastic B.sensitiveC.independent D.ambitious12.A.resources B.activitiesC.support D.service13.A.instructive B.strangeC.tough D.appropriate14.A.change B.protect C.ignore D.accept15.A.answer B.silence C.keep D.ringⅢ.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Ohno.CoachCaffertyjustcalledmynameforthatevent.Thetwo-hundred-metrebreaststroke(蛙泳)forthecomingmeet!Notthebackstroke(仰泳)Ihadwishedandpracticedforsolong!Beadsofsweatpoppedoutovermyupperlip.Morganpressedherelbowintomyside,tryingtooffermemoralsupport.Butitdidn’thelp.Mystomachsanktomykneeslikeabrickinwater.Morgantriedtoconvincemeitwouldbefine.“MaybeCoachhasmoreconfidenceinyouthanyouthink.”“OrmaybeCoachCaffertyjustwanttogivetherestalaughwhenIsinktothebottomofthepool,”Ithoughtdesperately.IwalkedtowardsCoachCaffertyandtoldheraboutmyinabilityandmydesiretoquitthisevent.ShefrownedandaskedifitwaswhatIreallywanted.Ihesitated.Placingherhandonmyshoulder,shestartedsmilingandencouragedmetopushmyselfoutsideofmycomfortzone.Thefirstpracticewasadisaster.Ilostrhythmonmystrokes.Imessedupmyturns.Ievenhadtostopandcatchmybreathafewtimes.Ifelteveryonewaslaughingatmeandmystomachtwisted.HowcouldImakeitwithinjusttwoweeks?ButonceIdraggedmyselfoutofthewater,exhaustedandfrustrated,CoachCaffertythumbeduptome,sayingIdidreallywellandjustneededmoreconfidenceinmyselfandmoretimetopractice.Onthewaybackhome,Morgancomfortedme,“Dear,justignoreothers.Raceagainstyourself.Countyourownstrokes.Provetoyourselfthatyoucandoit.”Withthesewordssaidtomealmosteveryday,beforeoraftereachpractice,somethinggraduallychanged:bothhowIswamthebreaststrokeandhowIfeltabouttheeventaswellasmyself.Themeetfinallycame.Iarrivedatthepoolhall,stillalittlebitworried.Aseacheventclickedclosertomine,mykneesshook.Ibitmylipandlookedoutovertheotherswimmers.Morganleanedforward.“Justswimyourrace.Remember,youcan!”注意:1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個左右;2.請按如下格式作答。Thenthetwo-hundred-milestonebreaststrokewasannounced.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Therewasonly50meterstogo.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Unit6DisasterandhopeⅠ.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了馬里蘭州約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)霍姆伍德校區(qū)的一個高科技實驗室里正在研制的智能組織自主機器人(STAR),盡管它的動作比人類外科醫(yī)生慢,但它可以使手術(shù)更順暢。1.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Therobot,knownasSmartTissueAutonomousRobot,orSTAR,whichisrunbyahighlyadvancedcomputerprogram,willadvancetechnologycurrentlyinwideuseinoperatingrooms.Therobotcompletesaboutastitchaminute,slightlyslowerthanahumansurgeon.Butthetestssofarhaveshownmoreconsistencythanwhatthehumanscanachieve.”可知,STAR盡管縫針?biāo)俣炔蝗缛祟愅饪漆t(yī)生,但是縫合動作的連貫性比人類醫(yī)生好,可以使手術(shù)更順暢。2.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“GalenCEOBruceLichorowiccomparedtheroboticarmtofutureforsurgeons,sayingitincreasestheirstability,reducestirednessandpreventscramps(抽搐)duringlongsurgeries,allofwhichleadtosafersurgeries.”可知,Lichorowic把機械臂比作外科醫(yī)生的未來,有著諸多的優(yōu)點,說明他認為這種機械臂是有前途的。故選C項。3.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“‘Thecompanycurrentlyemploysabout40people,abouthalfofwhomhaveadvanceddegreesfromJohn’sHopkins,’saidLichorowic,addingthatthecompanyplanstogrowto60positionsbytheendoftheyear.”可知,公司要在年內(nèi)擴大規(guī)模,增加工作崗位。故選D項。4.B推理判斷題。通讀全文,尤其是第一段“Inahigh-techlabonJohn’sHopkinsUniversity’sHomewoodcampusinMaryland,engineershavebeenbuildingarobotthatmaybeabletostitch(縫針)backtogetherthebrokentissuesinyourstomachandevenyourbrain,nodoctorneeded.”可知,本文介紹一個能幫助縫補人體組織的智能組織自主機器人,由此推知,本文最有可能出現(xiàn)“健康與科技(Health&Technology)”專欄。【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了目前有三家公司正在合作打印美國第一個兩層的大房子,而這有望成為一種趨勢。5.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的“LeslieLok,whodesignedthehouse,saystherearespecialchallengesinvolvedinprintingthetwo-storyhouse.Oneofthebiggestisthesizeofthemachineneededforthebuilding.The3DprinterinHoustonismassive.Itweighsover12tons.”可知,最大的問題之一就是需要巨大的打印機。6.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段可知,在建房的過程中,他們想研究混凝土在“不同天氣條件下”的反應(yīng)。7.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段的“Theyalsowanttofigureouthowtomake3D-printingfasterandcheaper.Mr.Zerbesaysthatcurrently,3D-printingahousewithconcretecostsmorethanbuildingahousewithwood.”可知,3D房屋的造價成本較高。8.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段可知,HikmatZerbe對3D打印的未來抱有希望。Ⅱ.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。作者結(jié)合自己鍛煉的經(jīng)歷告訴我們環(huán)境會讓我們的選擇變得容易或困難。1.B根據(jù)上文“WhenIwasagraduatestudent,Ifelttoobusytoexercise.”推知,作者向自己承諾,一畢業(yè)有了時間就參加鍛煉。2.A由上文“IknewIwouldbebusyasanassistantprofessor.”和本句However可知,此處表相信自己的毅力。3.C根據(jù)上文“IpromisedmyselfI’ddoitonceIschool.”推知,作者從事第一份工作時開始定期鍛煉,用“事實上”符合語境。

4.D根據(jù)下文“areinfluencedbywhetherourenvironmentmakessomethingeasyordifficult”和“Doyourenvironmenttomakechallengingtaskseasier.”可知,所處的環(huán)境會給我們帶來一定的影響。

5.A根據(jù)上文“IpromisedmyselfI’ddoitonceIschool.”可知,此處是指希望做的事情。

6.B結(jié)合上文提到作者上學(xué)時很少鍛煉,從事