Unit2MoralsandVirtues詞匯講義-高中英語(yǔ)人教版

必修三Unit2詞匯講義dilemman.進(jìn)退兩難的境地；困境beindilemma處于進(jìn)退兩難的境地putsb.intoadilemman.困境IamgratefulthatyouhelpedmegetoutofthedilemmaIwasin.Facingadilemma,weshouldthinktwiceandmakearightchoice.她左右為難，思考著接下來(lái)做什么。Shewas__inadilemma___，wonderingwhattodonext.moraladj（只用于名詞前）道德（上）的；道義上的n（用復(fù)數(shù)）道德規(guī)范/準(zhǔn)則；品行morallyadv道德上immoraladj.不道德的ethicaladj.道德的；倫理的amoralquestion道德問(wèn)題socialmorals社會(huì)公德eg.Shedescribesherownmoraldilemmainmakingthefilm.faintv.昏倒；暈厥adj.不清楚的；微小的；微弱的faintfromhunger餓昏過(guò)去faintmemory模糊的記憶faintlight微弱的光線faintsmile淡淡的微笑faintchance很小的機(jī)會(huì)Thereisfainthope.有一線希望illustratevt（舉例）說(shuō)明；闡明；（給書(shū)或文章）做插圖illustrationn.圖解；圖示illustratorn.插圖畫(huà)家illustrativeadj.解釋性的illustratesth.withsth.用…來(lái)說(shuō)明…toillustratemypoint為了說(shuō)明我的觀點(diǎn)eg.Shelookedlikeaprincessinanineteenthcenturyillustration.她看上去像19世紀(jì)插圖里的公主。preciousadj.珍稀的；寶貴的previousadj.先前的；以前的；以往的apreciousgift珍貴的禮物apreciousmoment/memory珍貴的時(shí)刻/記憶beprecioustosb.對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)很珍貴carrysbthroughsth幫助某人渡過(guò)難關(guān)eg.MyfriendscarriedmethroughtroublewhenIwasinneed.eg.Canyoucarrymethroughthedifficultproblem?carryout實(shí)施；履行carryon繼續(xù)carryaway運(yùn)走entrustv.委托；交付entrustsb.withsth.=entruststh.tosb.把某事委托給某人marriagen結(jié)婚；婚姻ahappymarriage幸福的婚姻marryvt娶；嫁；與.....結(jié)婚vi結(jié)婚marriedadj.已婚的；有配偶的marrysb與某人結(jié)婚marrysbtosb把某人嫁給某人bemarriedto（表狀態(tài)）與.....結(jié)婚getmarriedto（表動(dòng)作）與.....結(jié)婚eg.Onreturningtothepalace,thekingmarriedthewoman.一回到宮殿，國(guó)王就和這位女子結(jié)婚了。eg.Herfatheristryingtomarryhertohismanager’sson.她的爸爸想讓她嫁給他經(jīng)理的兒子。eg.Theyhavebeenmarriedtoeachotherfor20years.他們已經(jīng)結(jié)婚20年了。eg.Janegotmarriedtoherhusbandimmediatelyaftergraduation.簡(jiǎn)一畢業(yè)就嫁給了她丈夫。majorityn.大部分；大多數(shù)majorn.主修課程；專(zhuān)業(yè)adj.主要的v.主修themajorityof大多數(shù)的…themajority大眾；大多數(shù)人majorin+專(zhuān)業(yè)“主修”plainv.抱怨；發(fā)牢騷plaintn.抱怨；投訴plain(tosb.)about/ofsth.向（某人）抱怨/投訴某事plain/explain/mention/announce+to+人makeaplainttosb.aboutsth.向某人抱怨某事respondvt回答；答復(fù)vi回應(yīng)；做出反應(yīng)respondto...對(duì)....做出反應(yīng)responsen反映；回答；答復(fù)inresponseto作為（對(duì)......的）回答/反應(yīng)unionn協(xié)會(huì)；聯(lián)合會(huì)；工會(huì)；聯(lián)盟；聯(lián)合；團(tuán)結(jié)theStudents’Union/studentunion學(xué)生會(huì)theEuropeanUnion歐盟Uniongivesstrength.團(tuán)結(jié)就是力量。hirevt聘任；（短期）租用；（臨時(shí)）雇用解雇；開(kāi)除:firehireacar/boat租車(chē)/船thepowertohireandfire聘用和解雇的權(quán)利hiresbtodosth聘用某人做某事hireout出租eg.I’llhirealawyertohandlethecase.我將聘請(qǐng)一位律師來(lái)處理這一案件。eg.Thepanyhiresoutcars.這家公司出租小汽車(chē)。Letoutsthonhire出租某物carson/forhire供租用的汽車(chē)rent租賃房屋、土地hire短期雇用；租用employ長(zhǎng)期雇用rejectvt拒絕接受；不錄用rejectionn拒絕接受；否決reject和refuse都有拒絕的意思，有時(shí)可以換用，但也有一些區(qū)別：=1\*GB3①refuse為普通用詞，reject常用在正式場(chǎng)合=2\*GB3②refuse可用作及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞，而reject只用做及物動(dòng)詞Iaskedhimtolendmehiscar,butherefused.我請(qǐng)求他把車(chē)借給我，但他拒絕了。Iaskedhimtolendmehiscar,butherejectedme.我請(qǐng)求他把車(chē)借給我，但他拒絕了我。=3\*GB3③refuse后接不定式表示“拒絕做某事”，而reject通常不這樣用。Herefusedtoattendthemeeting.√Herejectedtoattendthemeeting.×appointv任命；委派appointmentn約會(huì)（date）；約定；預(yù)約；任命；職位appointsb(as)sth任命某人為某職務(wù)eg.Samhasbeenappointed(as)manageroftheengineeringdepartment.山姆被任命為工程部經(jīng)理。appointsbtodosth委派某人做某事eg.Thedoctorappointedanursetoguardher.醫(yī)生委派一名護(hù)士看護(hù)她。eg.Ihaveanappointmentwithmydentistat11:30.makeanappointmentwithsb與某人約定/約會(huì)；(haveadatewithsb)keepanappointment守約cancelanappointment取消約定byappointment按照約定electvt選舉；推選electionn選舉；推選electsb(as)sth選舉某人任某職務(wù)eg.Theyelectedme(as)president/chairmanofstudentunion.他們推選我做學(xué)生會(huì)主席。electsbtosth選某人進(jìn)入某團(tuán)體eg.Mybrotherwaselectedtothestudentunion.electsbtodosth選某人做某事eg.Theschoolboardismadeupofparentswhohavebeenelectedtomakedecisionaboutschoolaffairs.學(xué)校董事會(huì)由已經(jīng)被選舉出來(lái)決定學(xué)校事務(wù)的父母?jìng)兘M成。tendvt照顧；照料vi傾向；趨于tendencyn.趨勢(shì)；傾向tend(to)thesick護(hù)理病人haveatendencyto/towardssth......的趨勢(shì)eg.Iwouldliketotendthestoreforyouwhileyou’reaway.你不在時(shí)我愿意替你照看店鋪。tendto/toward(s)sth傾向于...;有...的趨勢(shì)eg.Thekindofmusictendstolightmusic.tendtodosth易于做某事；往往會(huì)發(fā)生某事eg.ItendtoseepicturesinmymindwhenIamreadingorlistening.在讀或聽(tīng)的時(shí)候，我往往會(huì)在頭腦中有畫(huà)面感。publishv.發(fā)表；出版；公布publishern.出版人；發(fā)行人publish及物，可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)eout不及物，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)staffn(集體名詞）員工；全體職員theteachingstaffofaschool學(xué)校的全體教師eg.Thestaffarenotveryhappyaboutthelatestpayincrease.員工們對(duì)最近一次的加薪不是很滿(mǎn)意。retirev.退休；退職retiredadj.退休的retirementn.退休；退休生活retirefrom從…退休resignv.辭職resignfrom從…辭職retirementparty退休宴savingn節(jié)省物；節(jié)約；節(jié)?。唬◤?fù)數(shù)）儲(chǔ)蓄金；存款asavingonenergy能源節(jié)約openasavingsaccount開(kāi)儲(chǔ)蓄賬戶(hù)savevt救；節(jié)?。槐Ａ?；保存；儲(chǔ)蓄；積攢；避免；免得principlen.道德原則；法則；原則beagainstone’sprinciple違背某人的原則inprinciple原則上；基本上onprinciple依據(jù)原則passiveadj被動(dòng)的；順從的passivelyadv消極地；被動(dòng)地activeadj積極的；主動(dòng)的scarevt驚嚇；使害怕vi使驚嚇scaredadj害怕的；對(duì)......感到驚慌或恐懼的（修飾人）scary令人害怕的（修飾物）eg.Thethunderscaredthechildren.雷聲嚇著了那些孩子。scare...away/off把......嚇跑eg.Thegunshotshadscaredthedogoff.槍聲把狗嚇跑了。bescaredof(doing)sth害怕某事物/做某事eg.Almosteverychildisscaredofdogs.eg.Sheisscaredofgoingoutaloneatnight.bescaredtodosth害怕做某事eg.Theboysarescaredtocrossthestreet.scaresb.intodoingsth.恐嚇某人做某事嚇人的：frightening&terrifying&terrible&horriblesharpadj.急劇的；鋒利的；尖銳的sharplyadv.尖刻地；猛烈地；急劇地sharpenv.使鋒利；使提高asharpincrease/fall急劇上漲/下跌replacevt接替；替代；更換;把......放回原處=taketheplaceof...replacementn更換；更替；替換的人/物replace甲with/by乙用乙替換甲eg.Theyreplacedtheirbelovedoldcarswithexpensivenewsportscars.他們用昂貴的新跑車(chē)代替了鐘愛(ài)的舊車(chē)。bereplacedby/with…被…取代被…取代：replace&taketheplaceof&takeone’splace&inplaceof&inone’splace&insteadofaccidentn事故；車(chē)禍；失事avoid/meet/causeanaccident避免/遇到/造成事故eg.Hewaskilledinacaraccident.他死于車(chē)禍。accident,incident,event辨析accident指偶然或意外發(fā)生的不幸事情，如atrafficaccident交通事故incident即可指小事件或小插曲也可指政治上有影響的事件或事變。theXi’anIncidentevent指歷史上的重大事件，還可以表示國(guó)際、國(guó)內(nèi)的大事以及體育比賽項(xiàng)目。eg.The800metersisnothisbestevent.800米不是他的最強(qiáng)項(xiàng)。byaccident偶然的；意外的=bychanceoperationn手術(shù)；企業(yè)；經(jīng)營(yíng);運(yùn)行；操作performanoperationonsb給某人做手術(shù)inoperation工作中；使用中；有效put...intooperation實(shí)施；使...運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；啟用eintooperation開(kāi)始工作；開(kāi)始生效operatev動(dòng)手術(shù)；經(jīng)營(yíng)；管理；操作；使用；運(yùn)行；起作用；湊效operateonsb給某人做手術(shù)operatorn話務(wù)員；操作員；經(jīng)營(yíng)者whispervt/vi悄聲說(shuō)；耳語(yǔ)；低語(yǔ)n耳語(yǔ)（聲）；低語(yǔ)（聲）；傳言；謠傳whispersthtosb=whispertosb.sth.跟某人低聲說(shuō)某事whisperaboutsth低聲說(shuō)某事speakinawhisper低聲說(shuō)話inawhisper=inwhispers低聲地Itiswhisperedthat…有人私下說(shuō)biteone’stongue隱忍不言biteoff咬掉givesbabite咬某人一口assistvt幫助；援助assistancen幫助；援助assistantn助手；助理；店員assistsbwithsth在某事上幫助某人withone'sassistance在某人的幫助下=withtheassistanceofsb.assistsbtodosth=assistsbindoingsth幫助某人做某事eg.Iswamtomydadquicklyandassistedhimtoclimbontotheboat.=eg.Iswamtomydadquicklyandassistedhiminclimbingontotheboat.我迅速游向父親，并協(xié)助他爬到船上。memoryn記憶力；回憶haveagood/badmemorymemoryloss失憶inmemoryof作為對(duì)......的紀(jì)念=inone’smemory=inhonorofmemorableadj.難忘的；記憶的=unforgettableMemoryiswonderfulifyoudon'thavetodealwiththepast.回憶本來(lái)是非常美好的，只要你能讓過(guò)去都過(guò)去。Afilmwillbemadeinmemoryofthosebravefirefighters.為了紀(jì)念那些勇敢的消防戰(zhàn)士，一部電影即將開(kāi)拍。inmemoryof 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?v] 作為對(duì)……的紀(jì)念inpraiseof 贊美，歌頌inhonourof 紀(jì)念；向……表示敬意insearchof 尋找inchargeof 負(fù)責(zé)；掌管inneedof 需要disguisev.裝扮；假扮；掩蓋n.偽裝；化妝用具indisguise偽裝disguisesb./oneselfas把某人/自己偽裝成…disguisethefactthat掩蓋…的事實(shí)speakwithoutdisguise 毫不掩飾地說(shuō)There'snodisguisingthefactthat...……是掩蓋不了的事實(shí)spill [sp?l] vi.&vt.(使)灑出(使)溢出spillout噴涌出來(lái)eg.Tearbegantospilloutoftheboy'seyes.spillover溢出eg.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水難收。tearn眼淚；淚水(常用復(fù)數(shù))intears流著淚；含著淚burstintotears突然大哭=burstoutcryingholdbackone’stears忍住淚水Finally,Tomhadtosaygoodbyetohisparentsintears.earnings（薪水）belongings（所有物）surroundings（環(huán)境）burstintotears 突然大哭起來(lái)fightbacktears 忍住眼淚tearsofjoy 喜悅的淚水holdbackone'stears 強(qiáng)忍住眼淚bemovedtotears 感動(dòng)得流淚beclosetotears 快流淚了harmn/vt傷害；損害do/causeharmto...傷害；對(duì).....有害harmfuladj有害的beharmfulto...對(duì).....是有害的beharmlessto對(duì)…無(wú)害Toomuchdrinkingwilldogreatharmtoyou.=Toomuchdrinkingwillbeveryharmfultoyou.飲酒過(guò)量危害甚大。domoreharmthangood弊大于利(教材P20)Istherenooneinthisvillagewhofeelsanyresponsibilitytokeeptheirneighboursfromharm？難道這個(gè)村子里沒(méi)有人覺(jué)得自己有責(zé)任不讓他們的鄰居受到傷害嗎？despairn絕望vt絕望；感到無(wú)望indespair處于絕望中drivesb.todespair把某人逼得走投無(wú)路despairofsb./sth./doingsth.對(duì)某人/某事絕望；對(duì)…喪失信心Lucyputherheadonthedoctor’sdeskindespair.露西絕望地趴在醫(yī)生的桌子上。agreat/gooddeal大量；很多l(xiāng)earnagreatdeal學(xué)到很多Althoughshehadnevermetthatexpert,sheknewagreatdealabouthim.盡管她從來(lái)沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)那位專(zhuān)家，但是她對(duì)他很了解。agreat/gooddealof大量的；很多的（接不可數(shù)名詞）Agreatdealofmoneyhasbeenwasted.(1)agreatdeal意為“大量”時(shí)，起名詞作用，在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等；(2)agreatdeal意為“非常、很”時(shí)，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，可修飾動(dòng)詞或形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)；(3)agreatdealof后跟不可數(shù)名詞。(教材P20)Afteragreatdealofeffort,shefinallysucceededinmovingittothesideofthestreet.費(fèi)了好大一番功夫，她終于成功地把石頭推到了路邊。mightn.力量；威力mightyadj.強(qiáng)有力的；巨大的adv.非常；極其withallone’smight用盡全力mightydifficult極其困難flexibleadj.靈活的；可變通的；易彎曲的flexiblyadv.靈活地；易曲地inflexibleadj.不易彎曲的flexibilityn.靈活性；彈性；柔性beflexiblein…在…方面靈活inen.收入；收益ahigh/largeinealow/smallineasourceofine收入來(lái)源ine:收入；收益pay:工資；薪水salary:按月的薪水wage:按周的薪水/工錢(qián)Painpaystheineofeachpreciousthing.不受煎熬，難獲珍寶?！勘葋唗hereforeadv因此；所以(thus)[語(yǔ)法填空常考詞匯，置于句首或句中]therefore用于嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)耐评恚梢员硎窘Y(jié)果，結(jié)局或結(jié)論Afishisacoldbloodedanimalandthereforeisverysensitivetowatertemperature.魚(yú)是冷血?jiǎng)游铮虼藢?duì)水溫非常敏感。tensionn緊張關(guān)系；緊張；焦慮tenseadj緊張的；繃緊的reduce/relieve/easetension減壓；減緩緊張感atensionbetween…and……和…之間的緊張關(guān)系createanatmosphereoftension制造緊張氣氛eg.Thetensionandexcitementbulitgraduallyallday.整個(gè)一天中，緊張與興奮的氣氛越來(lái)越濃。disagreedisagreementdisagreewith不同意…；與…不符；（氣候/食物）使某人不舒服disagreewithsb.on/about/oversth.在某事上與某人意見(jiàn)不合agreewith同意；與…一致；（氣候；食物）合適agreetodosth.同意做某事agreeon就…達(dá)成一致短語(yǔ)部分getintrouble陷入麻煩introuble陷入麻煩eg.Wheneversheisintrouble,heisthereforyou.outoftrouble擺脫麻煩；脫離困境havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困難havetroublewithsth.在某事上有困難maketrouble制造麻煩beeagertodosth.渴望做某事beeagerforsth.渴望得到某物eageradj.熱切的；渴望的eagernessn.渴望；熱切payattentionto注意；專(zhuān)心（后接名詞，代詞，動(dòng)名詞，從句）paymore/much/little/lessattentionattract/drawone’sattentionto引起某人對(duì)…的注意focusattentionon集中注意力于befacedwith“面臨；面對(duì)”（表主動(dòng)）_______（face）withanawkwardsituation,youshouldkeepcalm.facing作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不與with連用，直接加賓語(yǔ)faceuptosth.勇于面對(duì)某事facetoface面對(duì)面makeaface=makefaces做鬼臉inthefaceofsth.即使面對(duì)…；因?yàn)椋挥捎趖oone’sface當(dāng)著某人的面losefacesavefacefirstaid急救do/give/offer/perform/carryoutfirstaid(tosb.)對(duì)（某人）實(shí)施急救aidv.幫助；援助etoone’said=etotheaidofsb.幫某人的忙passby經(jīng)過(guò)passaway去世passdown把…傳給后人pickoneselfup振作起來(lái)；爬起來(lái)tripover被…絆倒tripandfall絆了一下摔倒了trip輕快地走/跑makeanattempttodosth.嘗試做….makenoattempttodo/atdoingsth.不嘗試做某事inanattempttodosth.試圖做…atone’sfirstattempt在某人第一次嘗試時(shí)attemptv/n企圖；嘗試；試圖attempttodosth.試圖/嘗試做…人+beresponsiblefor“對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé)”事1+beresponsiblefor事2“事1是事2的原因”responsibilityn.負(fù)責(zé)；義務(wù)beresponsibletosb.對(duì)某人負(fù)責(zé)take/haveresponsibilityfor對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé)；對(duì)…有責(zé)任asenseofresponsibilityTheadvantageisthat….Thereasonisthat…Theproblemisthat…Shenotonlyplayswell,butalsowritesmusic.Notonlydotheteachershavetheirownideasonthematter,butthestudentshavetheirstoo.NotonlyyoubutalsoIamgoingtohavedinner.mora