2022年考博英語-東北師范大學(xué)考前提分綜合測驗(yàn)卷附帶答案及詳解套卷18

2022年考博英語-東北師范大學(xué)考前提分綜合測驗(yàn)卷（附帶答案及詳解）1.單選題

Theseatsinthesecondplane（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadbeenalmostallfilled

B.hadallbeenalmostfilled

C.hadalmostallbeenfilled

D.hadalmostbeenfilledall

【答案】A

【解析】考察固定搭配。題干句意為：第二架飛機(jī)的座位_______。almostall幾乎全部。almostall為固定搭配。因此排除B、D，該句是過去完成時(shí)，almostall修飾動詞時(shí)，通常應(yīng)放在行為動詞之前（filled），故選A項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

Themanagerneedsanassistantthathecan（

）totakecareofproblemsinhisabsence.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.counton

B.countin

C.countup

D.countout

【答案】A

【解析】句意:經(jīng)理需要一個(gè)靠得住的助手，以便當(dāng)他不在吋，可以幫助處理問題。

短語辨析。counton依靠,依賴;countin把..算在內(nèi);countup加起來;countout點(diǎn)數(shù)。故選A。

3.單選題

In1896,WilliamJenningsBryan,athree-timecandidatefortheAmericanpresidency,gaveaspeechonarelativelydryfinancialtopic,criticizingthegoldstandard.Buthisrhetoricwasfortheages:“Youshallnotpressdownuponthebrowoflaborthiscrownofthorns;youshallnotcrucifymankinduponacrossgold!”

JustoverahundredyearslaterSamBrownback,arguingforwaragainstIraqinaspeechtotheAmericanSenate,said,“WegoatIraqanditsaystocountriesthatsupportterrorists,thereremainsixintheworldthatareasourdefinitionstatesponsorsofterrorists,yousaytothosecountries:4Weareseriousaboutterrorism,weareseriousaboutyounotsupportingterrorismonyourownsoil.”’

Whathappenedoverthe20lhcentury?Americansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinoratoryorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandflair.Norsotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.JohnMcWhorter,alinguist,seesthetriumphof1960scountercultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.

Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanotherpassageagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”，forexample,tobenaturalandnomorelamentablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofBcowulf-earEnglish.

Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,“doingourownthing”，hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonalgenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealvibrancy.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.

Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthanMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle,whyweshouldcare.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallybemoaningthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onpaperplatesinsteadofchina”.Ashame,perhaps,but,probablyaninevitable.

1.ThesentencesofWilliamandSamarequotedinthefirsttwoparagraphstoshow（

）.

2.JohnMcWhorterattributesthedeclineofformalEnglishto

（

）.

3.JohnMcWhorter’sattitudetowardstheloss“whom”seemstobe

（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

5.By“wenowtakeourEnglish‘onpaperplate’insteadofchina”，thelinguistmostprobablymeansthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thegreatsocialchangesthathavetakenplaceinacentury

B.theobviousdeclineofEnglishlanguagecommands

C.thatterrorismissueismoreseriousthangoldstandard

D.thatbothofthespeakersareexcellentspeechmakers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theAmerican’slowerexpectationsofpublicfigures

B.thePresident’slowerexpectationsofthemselves

C.thepermissiveattitudestowardslanguagedecadesago

D.thelossof“whom”andcase-endingsinEnglish

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.calm

B.critical

C.indifferent

D.supportive

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Englishbeforethesixtieswascharacterizedbydryfinancialtopic

B.Englishbeforethesixtieswasusedlessskillfullythanitisnow

C.Englishafterthesixtiesischaracterizedbyoralusages

D.Englishafterthesixtiesisusedlessofteninwrittenlanguagethaninspoken

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.nowadaysEnglishismoreoftenusedonpaperthanonchina

B.nowadaysEnglishismoreoftenusedinChinathaninothercountries

C.nowadaysEnglishhasbecomelessusefulinpaperwritingthanbefore

D.nowadaysEnglishhaslostsomeoriginalcharmeventhoughequallyuseful

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。文章前兩段對威廉和薩姆相關(guān)事件的引用是為了引出文章的話題，指出英語語言的退化現(xiàn)象，故答案選項(xiàng)為B項(xiàng)“英語語言的明顯衰退”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段的最后一句指出:JohnMcWhorter,alinguist,seesthetriumphof1960scountercultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish(語言學(xué)家約翰?麥克沃特認(rèn)為20世紀(jì)60年代反文化運(yùn)動的勝利要對正式場合英語的退化負(fù)責(zé))，由此可知60年代的反文化運(yùn)動是根本原因，選項(xiàng)C“幾十年前對語言的消極態(tài)度”是反文化運(yùn)動的一部分，故答案選項(xiàng)為C。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theloss“whom”定位至第四段:...heseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”，forexample,tobenaturalandnomorelamentablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofBeowulf-earEnglish(他認(rèn)為whom一詞的逐漸消失是很自然的，并不比裴歐沃夫時(shí)代英語中詞格尾綴的失蹤更讓人惋惜),作者認(rèn)為這一現(xiàn)象非常正常，故他的態(tài)度應(yīng)該是沉著冷靜的，故答案選項(xiàng)為A。

4.判斷推理題。選項(xiàng)A:20世紀(jì)60年代前的英語以枯燥的金融話題為特點(diǎn)，文章在開始的吋候只是提到了曾經(jīng)三次當(dāng)選美國總統(tǒng)候選人的威廉姆?詹寧森?布賴恩就一個(gè)相對枯燥無味的金融話題作了一番演講，并不能說明60年代前的英語以枯燥的金融話題為特點(diǎn)，故選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)B:20世紀(jì)60年代前的英語運(yùn)用沒有現(xiàn)在這么靈巧，根據(jù)文章中WilliamJenningsBryan和SamBrownback的例子可知，20世紀(jì)60年代前的英語運(yùn)用應(yīng)該是比現(xiàn)在更加靈巧，故選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)文章第五段的...eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonalgenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealvibrancy.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.(即使是最受關(guān)注的文章也開始使用口語化的文字。類似地，在詩歌領(lǐng)域，唯一能夠具有真正活力的就是那種高度個(gè)人化和富有表現(xiàn)力的文學(xué)形式。無論作為口語還是書面語言的英語，侃侃而談勝過了雅致的言辭，而自我發(fā)揮也蓋過了精心準(zhǔn)備)。由此可知在當(dāng)吋口語化表達(dá)比書面表達(dá)使用頻率更高，但不能說當(dāng)吋是以口語化的表達(dá)為特點(diǎn)，故選項(xiàng)C(20世紀(jì)60年代后的英語以口語化為特點(diǎn))錯(cuò)誤，而選項(xiàng)D(20世紀(jì)60年代后的英語中口語化表達(dá)比書面表達(dá)使用頻率更高)正確，故選D。

5.語義題?！皐enowtakeourEnglish'onpaperplate’insteadofchina"所在句為:...heisreallybemoaningthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onpaperplatesinsteadofchina”“他其實(shí)只是為那些美好事物而不是實(shí)用品的消逝而哀嘆。也許我們現(xiàn)在用"紙盤子而非瓷盤子"盛著我們的英語大餐?！保鶕?jù)其中的關(guān)鍵詞lossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful“那些美好事物而不是實(shí)用品的消逝”可以推斷出答案選項(xiàng)為D“如今英語正在漸漸喪失其原有的魅力，盡管他在走向?qū)嵱没薄?/p>

4.單選題

Auctionsarepublicsalesofgoods,conductedbyanofficiallyapprovedauctioneer.Heorsheaskstheassembledcrowdintheauction-roomtomakeoffers,or“bids”，forthevariousitemsonsale.Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfigures,andfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoods.Forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronatableatwhichhestands.Thisisoftensetonaraisedplatformcalledarostrum.

TheancientRomansprobablyinventedsalesbyauction,andtheEnglishwordcomesfromtheLatinauction,meaning“increase”.TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar;thesesaleswerecalled“subbasra,”meaning“underthespear”，aspearbeingstuckinthegroundasasignalforacrowdtogather.Intheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesgoodswereoftensold“bythecandle”，ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneer;andbidscouldbemadewhileitstayedalight.

Anauctionisusuallyadvertisedbeforehandwithfullparticularsofthearticlestobesoldandwhereandwhentheycanbeviewedbypossiblebuyers.Iftheadvertisementcannotgivefulldetails,cataloguesareprinted,andeachgroupofgoodstobesoldtogether,calleda“l(fā)ot”isusuallygivenanumber.TheauctioneerneednotbeginwithLot1andcontinueinnumericalorder.Hemaywaituntilheregistersthefactthatcertaindealersareintheroomandthenproducethelotstheyarelikelytobeinterestedin.Theauctioneer'sservicesarepaidforintheformofapercentageofthepricethegoodsaresoldfor.Theauctioneerthereforehasadirectinterestinpushingupthebiddingashighaspossible.

Practicallyallgoodswhosequalitiesvaryaresoldbyauction.Amongthesearecoffee,hides,skins,wool,tea,cocoa,furs,spices,fruitandvegetablesandwines.Auctionsalesarealsousualforlandandproperty,antique,furniture,pictures,rarebooks,oldchinaandsimilarworksofart.TheauctionroomsatChristie’sandSotheby’sinLondonandNewYorkareworldfamous.

1.Auctionedgoodsaresold（

）.

2.Theendofthebiddingiscalled“knockingdown”because

（

）.

3.TheRomansusedtosell

（

）

byauction.

4.Acandleusedtobumatauctionsales

（

）.

5.Theauctioneermaydecidetoselltheoutoforderbecause（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.forthehighestpriceoffered

B.onlyatfixedprices

C.atapricelessthantheirtruevalue

D.verycheaply

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theauctioneerknocksthebuyerdow

B.theauctioneerknockstherostrumdown

C.thegoodsareknockeddownontothetable

D.theauctioneerbangsthetablewithahammer

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.spoilgoods

B.propertytakenfromtheenemy

C.oldworn-outweapons

D.spears

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.becausetheytookplaceatnight

B.asasignalforthecrowdtogether

C.tolimitthetimewhenofferscouldbemade

D.tokeeptheauctioneerwarm

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.hesometimeswantstoconfusethebuyers.

B.heknowfromexperiencethatcertainpeoplewillwanttobuycertainitems.

C.hewantstokeepcertainpeoplewaiting.

D.hewantstoreducethenumber.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段:Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfigures,andfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods(他鼓勵(lì)買者給出更高的價(jià)錢，最后選定出價(jià)最高的這位買。由此可知拍賣品以最高價(jià)賣出。故選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“knockingdown”定位至第一段:Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoods.“這就是‘成交’”和第五句Forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronatableatwhichhestands(因?yàn)楫?dāng)拍賣師用一個(gè)錘子敲擊他面前的小桌子時(shí)，拍賣結(jié)束)。因此D項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榕馁u師會用一個(gè)錘子敲擊桌子”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段說明了古羅馬人所拍賣物品:TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar(羅馬人通常用這種方法出售戰(zhàn)利品)。故選A“繳獲物品，獎(jiǎng)品”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneer;andbidscouldbemadewhileitstayedalight(拍賣師會點(diǎn)燃一根短蠟燭，在蠟燭燃燒的吋候進(jìn)行拍賣活動)。因此選C“限制拍賣會競價(jià)吋間”。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Lots定位至第三段:TheauctioneerneednotbeginwithLot1andcontinueinnumericalorder,Hemaywaituntilheregistersthefactthatcertaindealersareintheroom(拍賣師不需要從第一個(gè)序號開始然后按照順序來,在拍賣師會在確定對商品感興趣的買家到來之后才開始拍賣)。故選B“拍賣師可以依據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)知道某些買家想購買哪些物品”。

5.單選題

He（

）interruptedmebyaskingirrelevantquestions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.continually

B.continuously

C.consistently

D.consequently

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他問了我一些無關(guān)緊要的問題，打斷我的話。

副詞辨析。continually不停地,持續(xù)地;continuously連續(xù)不斷地;一貫地;consequently因此,所以。故A符合句意。

6.單選題

ForseveraldaysIsawlittleofMr.Rochester.Inthemorningheseemedmuchoccupiedwithbusiness,andintheafternoongentlemanfromtheneighborhoodcalledandsometimesstayedtodinewithhim.Whenhisfootwaswellenough,herodeoutagreatdeal.

Duringthetime,allmyknowledgeofhimwaslimittooccasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse,whenhewouldsometimespassmecoldly,andsometimesbowandsmile.Hischangesofmannerdidnotoffendme,becauseIsawthatIhadnothingtodowiththecauseofthem.

Oneevening,severaldayslater,IwasinvitedtotalktoMr.Rochesterafterdinner.Hewassittinginhisarmchair,andlookednotquitesosevere,andmuchlessgloomy.Therewasasmileonhislips,andhiseyeswerebright,probablywithwine.AsIwaslookingathim,hesuddenlyturned,andaskedme,“doyouthinkI’mhandsome,MissEyre?”

TheanswersomehowslippedfrommytonguebeforeIrealizedit:“Nosir.”

“Ah,youreallyareunusual!Youareaquiet,seriouslittleperson,butyoucanbealmostrude.”

“Sir,I’msorry.Ishouldhavesaidthatbeautydoesn’tmatter,orsomethinglikesthat.”

“No,youshouldn’t!Isee,youcriticizemyappearance,andthenyoustabmeintheback!Youhavehonestyandfeeling.Therearenotmanygirlslikeyou.ButperhapsIgotoofast.Perhapsyouhaveawfulfaultstocounterbalanceyourfewgoodpoints.”

Ithoughttomyselfthathemighthavetoo.Heseemedtoreadmymind,andsaidquickly,“yes,youareright.Ihaveplentyoffaults.IwentthewrongwaywhenIwastwenty-one,andhaveneverfoundtherightpathagain.Imighthavebeenverydifferent.Imighthavebeenasgoodasyou,andperhapswiser.Iamnotabadman,takemywordforit,butIhavedonewrong.Itwasn’tmycharacter,butcircumstanceswhichweretoblame.WhydoItellyouallthis?Becauseyou’rethesortofpersonpeopletelltheirproblemsandsecretsto,becauseyou’resympatheticandgivethemhope.”

Itseemedhehadquitealottotalktome.Hedidn’tseemtoliketofinishthetalkquickly,aswasthecaseforthefirsttime.

“Don’tbeafraidofme,MissEyre.”Hecontinued.“Youdon’trelaxorlaughverymuch;perhapsbecauseoftheeffectLowoodschoolhashadonyou.Butintimeyouwillbemorenaturalwithme,andlaugh,aridspeakfreely.You’relikeabirdinacage.Whenyougetoutofthecage,you’llflyveryhigh.Goodnight.”

1.AtthebeginningMissEyre’simpressionsofMr.RochesterwereallEXCEPT（

）.

2.In“...allmyknowledgeofhimwaslimittooccasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse...’’,theword“about”means

（

）.

3.WhydidMr.Rochestersay"...andthenyoustabmeintheback!”？（7thPara）

4.FromwhatMr.RochestertoldMissEyer,wecanconcludethathewantedto

（

）.

5.Attheendofthepassage,Mr.Rochestersound（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.busy

B.sociable

C.friendly

D.changeable

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.around

B.on

C.outside

D.concerning

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.BecauseJanehadintendedtokillhimwithaknife.

B.BecauseJanehadintendedtobemorecritical.

C.BecauseJanehadregrettedhavingtalkedtohim.

D.BecauseJanehadsaidsomethingelsetocorrectherself.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.tellherallhistroubles

B.tellherhislifeexperience

C.changeheropinionofhim

D.changehiscircumstances

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.rude

B.cold

C.friendly

D.encouraging

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章中有關(guān)簡愛對羅徹斯特印象的描述主要在文章前兩段。根據(jù)第—段中的Inthemorningheseemedmuchoccupiedwithbusiness,andintheafternoongentlemanfromtheneighborhoodcalledandsometimesstayedtodinewithhim(上午他似乎有很多工作要做，下午隔壁的紳士會邀請他并且有時(shí)候會和他一起吃晚餐),由此可知選項(xiàng)A“繁忙”和選項(xiàng)B“善于交際的”屬于簡愛對羅徹斯特的最初印象；根據(jù)第二段的Hischangesofmannerdidnotoffendme...(對于他這種多變的態(tài)度，我也沒有在意)可知選項(xiàng)D“易變的”也屬于簡愛對羅徹斯特的最初印象，而選項(xiàng)C“友好的”沒有在文章中體現(xiàn)，故答案選項(xiàng)為C。

2.詞義題。about所在句為:Duringthetime,allmyknowledgeofhimwaslimittooccasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse,whenhewouldsometimespassmecoldly,andsometimesbowandsmile(那吋，我對他所有的了解僅限于偶爾幾次在家中的碰面，這時(shí)候這位鄰居也只會是冷冷地從我身旁走過，但是有時(shí)候會鞠躬微笑)，原文中的occasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse是指在家里的幾次偶爾的碰面，分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)A“在……周圍”，B“在…上面”，C“在…外面”和D“有關(guān)，關(guān)于”可知aroundthehouse與文中的aboutthehouse意思最接近，故答案選項(xiàng)為A。

3.判斷推理題。題干部分所在句為:Isee,youcriticizemyappearance,andthenyoustabmeintheback!(我明白了，你批判我的外表，然后在后面捅了我一刀，這里的stabmeintheback字而意思是“從背后中傷我，背后捅我一刀”但是這里是一個(gè)比喻，說明簡愛的話非常直接，將他傷的更深了，故答案選項(xiàng)為B“因?yàn)楹啇鄣脑捀佑信行粤恕?；選項(xiàng)A“因?yàn)楹啇鄞蛩阌贸值稓⒘怂敝皇亲置嬉馑?；選項(xiàng)C“因?yàn)楹啇酆蠡诟f話”在文章中沒有體現(xiàn)；選項(xiàng)D“因?yàn)楹啇壅f了一些糾正的話”，他之所以感覺受傷更深原因在于簡愛說話的內(nèi)容而不是說話的行為，故選項(xiàng)D也不對。

4.判斷推理題。題目是問“從羅徹斯特對簡愛說的話中我們可以知道羅徹斯特的目的是什么”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別為根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段中的WhydoItellyouallthis?Becauseyou’rethesortofpersonpeopletelltheirproblemsandsecretsto,becauseyou’resympatheticandgivethemhope(我什么要告訴你這些？因?yàn)槟闶悄欠N讓人非常愿意把自己的問題和秘密說出來的人，因?yàn)槟惴浅Ｓ型樾亩夷芙o人希望),可知羅徹斯特只是單純地愿意將自己的經(jīng)歷講給簡愛聽，并不帶任何其他的目的，故答案選項(xiàng)為B項(xiàng)“想要告訴簡愛他的人生經(jīng)歷”。

5.判斷推理題。文章最后一段中羅徹斯特的話主要是對簡愛進(jìn)行鼓勵(lì)，特別是這一句:You’relikeabirdinacage.Whenyougetoutofthecage,you’llflyveryhigh(你就像是一只的籠中小鳥，當(dāng)年掙脫了籠子，你就會飛得更高)，由此可知答案選項(xiàng)為D“令人鼓舞的，鼓勵(lì)的”。

7.單選題

Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted.Thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioral”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.

Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehavioralads?Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?

InDecember2010America’sFederalTradeCommission(FTC)proposedaddinga’’donottrack”(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladvertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple’sSafaribothofferDNT;Google’sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigitalAdvertisingAlliance(DAA)agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespondingtoDNTrequests.

OnMay31stMicrosoftsetofftherow:ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.

Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehavioraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.

AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Afterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8—thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavorablywithGoogle’sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoft’schiefprivacyofficer,blogged:“webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol.”Coulditreallybethatsimple?

1.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioral”adshelpadvertisersto（

）.

2.“Theindustry”(Line5,Para.3)refersto

（

）.

3.TheauthorholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph.6?

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.easecompetitionamongthemselves

B.lowertheiroperationalcosts

C.avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers

D.providebetteronlineservices

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.onlineadvertisers

B.e-commerceconductors

C.digitalinformationanalysis

D.internetbrowserdevelopers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.maycutthenumberofjunkads

B.failstoaffecttheadindustry

C.willnotbenefitconsumers

D.goesagainsthumannature

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose.

B.AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNT.

C.DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers.

D.Advertisersareobligedtoofferbehavioralads.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.indulgence

B.understanding

C.appreciation

D.skepticism

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“behavioral”ads定位至第一段:Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted.Thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioral”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy(俗話說得好一半的廣告預(yù)算都被浪費(fèi)了，但問題是沒有人知道是哪一半廣告預(yù)算被浪費(fèi)了。在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代，至少在理論上可以大幅減少這部分被浪費(fèi)的廣告預(yù)算。通過觀看人們在線搜尋、點(diǎn)擊和說什么，公司可以將‘行為’廣告針對那些最可能購買東西的人)。由此可知B項(xiàng)“減少他們的運(yùn)營成本”正確。

2.詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第三段:InDecember2010America’sFederalTradeCommission(FTC)proposedaddinga“donottrack”(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladvertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed(2010年12月美國聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會向互聯(lián)網(wǎng)瀏覽器提供者們提議增加一個(gè)‘不要跟蹤’的選項(xiàng)，以便互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使用者可以告訴廣告商他們不想被跟蹤)由此可推知D項(xiàng)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)瀏覽器開發(fā)者”正確。

3.推理判斷題。第五段指出:GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso(盡管一些公司己承諾在得到不要跟蹤的信號后停止跟蹤，但是獲取該信號卻沒有強(qiáng)制任何人去這樣做)。因此C項(xiàng)“不會讓消費(fèi)者受益”正確。

4.判斷推理題。第六段:AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Afterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow(另外還不清楚微軟公司為何獨(dú)自將‘不要跟蹤’作為微軟網(wǎng)頁瀏覽器10的默認(rèn)設(shè)置。畢竟微軟公司也有網(wǎng)上廣告業(yè)務(wù)，盡管微軟公司聲稱自己的網(wǎng)上廣告業(yè)務(wù)將遵守‘不要跟蹤’請求，但是它仍然正在想如何進(jìn)行)。因此A項(xiàng)“‘不要跟蹤'可能不能達(dá)到它的預(yù)期目的”正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。第六段作者說:Coulditreallybethatsimple?這真的有可能那么簡單嗎？因此D項(xiàng)“懷疑的態(tài)度”正確。

8.單選題

JogginghasbecomethemostpopularindividualsportinAmerica.Manytheories,evensomemysticalones,havebeenadvancedtoexplainthepopularityofjogging.Theplaintruthisthatjoggingisacheap,quickandefficientwaytomaintain(orachieve)physicalfitness.

Themostusefulsortofexerciseisexercisethatdevelopstheheart,lungs,andcirculatorysystems.Ifthesesystemsarefit,thebodyisreadyforalmostanysportandforalmostanysuddendemandmadebyworkoremergencies.Onecantrainmorespecifically,asbydevelopingstrengthforweightliftingortheabilitytorunstraightaheadforshortdistanceswithgreatpowersinfootball,butrunningtrainsyourheartandlungstodeliveroxygenmoreefficientlytoallpartsofyourbody.Itisworthnotingthatthissortofexerciseistheonlykindthatcanreduceheartdisease,thenumberonecauseofdeathinAmerica.

Onlyonesortofequipmentisneeded—agoodpairofshoes.Physiciansadvisebeginningjoggersnottoruninatennisorgymshoe.Manydesignadvanceshavebeenmadeinonlythelastseveralyearsthatmakeanexcellentrunningshoeindispensableifarunnerwishestodevelopasquicklyaspossible,withaslittlechanceofinjuryaspossible.Agoodrunningshoewillhaveasoftpadforabsorbingshock,aswellasaslightlybuilt-upheelandafullheelcupthatwillgivethekneeandanklemorestability.Awiseinvestmentingoodshoeswillpreventblistersandthefoot,ankleandkneeinjuriesandwillalsoenablethewearertorunonpavedorsoftsurfaces.

Nootherspecialequipmentisneeded;youcanjoginanyclothing,youdesire,evenyourstreetclothes.Manyjoggerswearexpensive,flashywarm-upsuits,butjustasmanywearasimplepairofgymshoesandT-shirt;infact,manypeoplejustjoginlastyear'sclothes.Incoldweather,severallayersofclothingarebetterthanoneheavysweaterorcoat.Ifjoggersarewearingseverallayersofclothing,theycanaddorsubtractlayersasconditionschange.

Ittakessurprisinglylittletimetodeveloptheabilitytorun.TheAmericanJoggingAssociationhasatwelve-weekprogramdesignedtomoveformafifteen-minutewalk(whichalmostanyonecanmanagewhoisinreasonablehealth)toathirty-minuterun.Ameasureofcommonsense,aphysicalexamination,andaplannedscheduleareallittakes.

1.Theymainpurposeofthispassageisto（

）.

2.Themostusefulkindofexerciseisexercisethat

（

）.

3.Wecanconcludefromthispassagethat

（

）.

4.Theauthor'stone

（

）.

5.Asusedinthispassage,theword“mystical”means（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discussjoggingasaphysicalfitnessprogram

B.describethetypeofclothingneededforjogging

C.providescientificevidenceofthebenefitsofjogging

D.distinguishbetweenjoggingasa"commonsense"fitnessprogramandacult(崇拜)movement

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.trainsthebodyforweightlifting

B.enablesapersontorunstraightaheadforShortdistanceswithgreatpower

C.isbothbeneficialandinexpensive

D.developstheheart,lungs,andcirculatorysystems

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.becauseofjogging,heartdiseaseisnolongeranAmericanproblem

B.joggingcanbeharmfuliftherunnerisnotproperlyprepared

C.warm-upsuitsarepreferabletogymshoesandT-shirts

D.joggingisbadfortheanklesandknees

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.skeptical

B.aggressive

C.approving

D.purelyobjective

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.awesome

B.horrifying

C.aspiritualdiscipline

D.vicious

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章首段提出慢跑是一種簡便易行的且可以保持健康的運(yùn)動方式。之后分別討論了跑步鞋、著裝、跑步能力。故選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Themostusefulkindofexercise定位至第二段:.Themostusefulsortofexerciseise0了，xercisethatdevelopstheheart,lungs,andcirculatorysystems(最有效的運(yùn)動方式就是可以訓(xùn)練心臟、肺部以及整個(gè)血液循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)動)。故選D。

3.判斷推理題。第三段指出,對于慢跑者來說選擇合理的跑步鞋的重要性。由此腿短,如果慢跑者沒有做好準(zhǔn)備,慢跑也可能會造成損害。故選B。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章指出慢跑簡便易行而且可以保持健康,還可以減少患心臟病的幾率。故選C。

5.詞義題。“mystical”出現(xiàn)在第一段,用于修飾“ones”(指代manytheories)。第一段主要指出慢跑這一運(yùn)動項(xiàng)目廣受歡迎,并有助于保持身體健康。故選C。

9.單選題

Wethink（

）possibleforhimtoachievehistargetinsomanyyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.it

B.that

C.what

D.this

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我們認(rèn)為在這么多年里達(dá)成目標(biāo)，于他而言是可能的。

語法題?？疾樾问劫e語。不定式toachievehistargetinsomanyyears為真正的賓語，possible為賓語補(bǔ)足語。當(dāng)不定式作賓語且其后跟有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，通常會在賓語補(bǔ)足語前使用形式賓語it，而將真正的賓語移至句末。故A正確。

10.單選題

Idon’tsmokenow,butIused（

）whenIwasyoung.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.todo

C.toit

D.todoingit

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我現(xiàn)在不抽煙了，但是我年輕的時(shí)候常常抽煙。

固定搭配。usedtodo過去常常;be/getusedtosth./doingsth.習(xí)慣于…。因此B符合句意。

11.單選題

TheOlympicGameswerewatchedby（

）billionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.virtually

B.deliberately

C.literally

D.appropriately

【答案】A

【解析】句意:幾乎有數(shù)以億計(jì)的全世界觀眾觀看奧運(yùn)會。

副詞辨析。Virtually幾乎，事實(shí)上,實(shí)際上;deliberately故意,謹(jǐn)慎地;literally字面上;appropriately適當(dāng)?shù)?。故A符合句意。

12.單選題

Thereareasgoodfishinthesea（

）evercameoutofit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.than

B.like

C.as

D.so

【答案】C

【解析】句意:海里的好魚多得是（強(qiáng)中更有強(qiáng)中手）。

固定搭配?！癮s（作副詞用）+形容詞或副詞+as（作連詞用）”表示同級比較。

13.單選題

Outsidemyofficewindowthereisafire（

）ontheright.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.escape

B.ladder

C.steps

D.stairs

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我辦公室的窗外右側(cè)有一個(gè)安全出口。

固定搭配。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中常與fire搭配使用的是escape;fireescape意為“防火安全樓梯，安全出口”。

14.單選題

Mr.Greenhasrecentlybeen（

）ofthecompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.appointedtopresident.

B.appointedpresident

C.appointedapresident

D.appointedthepresident

【答案】B

【解析】句意:格林先生最近升任公司董事長了。

語法題?？疾楣谠~。根據(jù)冠詞的語法規(guī)則,職位前不加冠詞。而且appoint是及物動詞,后面直接接賓語president。故選B.

15.單選題

Asthetrainwillnotleaveuntilonehourlater,we（

）grababiteatthesnackbar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.maywell

B.justaswell

C.mightaswell

D.aswell

【答案】C

【解析】句意:既然火車一小時(shí)后才開，我們不妨去快餐店吃點(diǎn)東西。

固定搭配。mightaswell不妨……，最好……。

16.單選題

Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoataneverearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopers,andadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overthelastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolution,theshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavoconEuropeans’privatelives.

Europe’sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonescameofageduringEurope’sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today’stech-savvyworkershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModemEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowan