英語句型結(jié)構(gòu)與句子成分劃分

學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載英語句子成分與句型結(jié)構(gòu)劃分一、句子成分劃分<1>句子成分的分類1.Subject(主語)Thesunrisesintheeast.2.Predicate.（謂語）WestudyEnglish.3.Object（賓語）WeloveChina.4.Predictive（表語）WeareChinese.5.Attributive/Attribute（定語）Thisisadifficultproblem.6.Completement(補(bǔ)語)Weelectedhimmonitor.7.Adverbial（狀語）Herunsfast.8.Appositive（同位語）ThisisMissZou,myteacher.9.Parenthesis（插入語）Tobefrank,Idon’tagreewithyou.1.主語:主語表示句子要說明的人或事物。一般由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語充當(dāng)。如Thestudentsstudyhard.Heusuallygoestoschoolat7:30.Oneandonemaketwo.Totellalieiswrong.Learningaforeignlanguagetakesalongtime.WhotaughtyouEnglishlastyear?2.謂語:說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)。謂語和主語在“人稱”和“數(shù)”兩方面必須一致(1)由動詞的各種時態(tài)語態(tài)表示。1)Hegoestoschooleveryday.2)Theyareswimming.3)Shecaughtupwiththeothersveryquickly.4)ThiskindofmachineismadeinChina.(2)由“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”表示。WemustworkhardatEnglish.

Therecordercanberepairedintwodays.(3)由“連系動詞+表語”表示。Myfatherisadoctor.

Hefeelsbettertoday.3.表語:表語和連系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示主語的性質(zhì)、特征、身份等。一般由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞的詞或短語充當(dāng)。如1)Heruncleisateacher.2)Hebecameangry.3)Theweatherisgettingwarmerandwarmer.

4.賓語:動作的承受者。如1)Thechildneedshelp.2)Theyallhelpedus.3)Ihopetoseeyouagain4)Tomlikesswimming5)Mymotherboughtaskirtforme.（雙賓語）6)I’lllendittoyoutomorrow.（雙賓）7)Hegavemeamapoftheworld.雙賓有些及物動詞需要兩個賓語，一個指物，一個指人。指物的叫直接賓語，指人的叫間接賓語。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語之前，但為了強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語，可把間接賓語放在直接賓語之后，這時要在間接賓語前加介詞to或for.5.賓語補(bǔ)足語：有些動詞除需要一個賓語外，還得有一個賓語補(bǔ)足語，句子意義才能完整。賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系，這是賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語的主要依據(jù)。如1)Wefoundthestoryquiteinteresting.2)Weaskedhimtohelpus.3)Isawachildplayingonthegrass.6.定語:定語修飾名詞或代詞。如1)Ourclassroomiscleanandbright.2)Thebookhereisveryinteresting.3)Themaninabrownjacketismyfather.4)ThisisthehousewhereIlivedthreeyearsago.5)Thestudents’reading-roomisonthesecondfloor.英語中放在被修飾詞（中心詞）前面的成為前置定語放在被修飾詞后面的稱為后置定語。一般來說，當(dāng)定語修飾some,any,every,no等所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時，定語需后置。如

1)Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.2)Thereisnothingwrongwiththesentence.7.狀語:修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞，也可以修飾整個句子。狀語說明地點、時間、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式、程度等。如果狀語和地點狀語同時出現(xiàn)，一般是時間狀語放在最后，地點狀語放在時間狀語之前。如1）Hewasborninshanghaiin1970.2）ThemeetingistobeheldinRoom401tomorrowevening.8.同位語ThisisMr.Zhou,ourteacher.9.插入語Tobehonest,Idon’tagreewithyou.二.句子類型(1)簡單句：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語動詞（或并列謂語動詞）構(gòu)成的句子。1)簡單句的類別1.陳述句（肯定句、否定句）2.疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）3.祈使句4.感嘆句（How+adj.(+S+V)!What+n.(+S+V)!2)簡單句的基本詞序主語謂語賓語狀語Iboughtahatyesterday.Thechildrenranhome.Thetaxidrivershoutedatmeangrily.Weateourmealinsilence.Thecarstoppedsuddenly.Ayounggirlwalkedconfidentlyonthestage.(2)、并列句：由兩個或兩個以上等立而又相互獨立的簡單句構(gòu)成，兩個簡單句由并列連詞連在一起。其結(jié)構(gòu)是：簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句1.Ihelphimandhehelpsme.2.Hefailedmanytimesbuthewasn’tdiscouraged.3.Wemusthurry,orweshallmissthetrain.4.Notonlydidhewritetousbutalsohecamehereyesterday.5.Eitherhedidn’tspeakclearlyorIdidn’thearwell.(3)、復(fù)合句：簡單句中的某一個成分由一個句子來充當(dāng)。1.名詞性叢句：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句1)Whathesaidjustnowisright.2)Hesaidthathehadseenthefilm.3)Thisiswhyhedidn’tgotoschool.4)Thenewsthathehaspassedtheexammademehappy.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連詞有:that,which,if,whether,who,whom,whose,when,how,where,why,ever.2.修飾性從句：定語從句1)ThemanwhoisstandingthereisWhite.2)Thebuildingwhichwasbuiltisaschool.3)ThisistheplacewhereIlived.引導(dǎo)定語從句的連詞有：that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why.3.副詞性從句：狀語從句(條件、時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、方式、比較、讓步狀語從句）when,while,as,assoonas,after,since,until,till,where,if,unless,because,inorderthat,so…that…,though,wherever,whenever,as…as,notso…as,than三.五種簡單句的結(jié)構(gòu)１.主語＋連系動詞＋表語連系動詞的類別:(1)be(2)感官動詞：look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,feel(3)表持續(xù)的動詞：remain,keep,stay,continue(4)表變化的動詞：get,become,turn,grow,go例：1）The

story

sounds

interesting.

2）

Her

dream

has

come

true.

3）Mybooksareonthedesk.4）Thefoodseems（tobe）nice. 練習(xí)1:翻譯下列句子:1)這種食物嘗起來很糟糕。________________________________________2)絲綢摸起來又軟又滑。3)

我們在任何時候都應(yīng)該保持謙虛。4).天氣變得越來越暖和。5)這個事實證明是正確的。6)

那種食物已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。_______________________________..２.主語＋謂語（不及物動詞）(常+狀語)常見的動詞有：appear,apologize,arrive,come,die,disappear,exist,fall,happen,rise,work等等。Tomdied.Therainstopped.Hesmiledhappily.The

Second

World

War

broke

out

in

1939.

Theoldmanwalksinthepark.練習(xí)2:翻譯下列句子:7)水開了.8)我們努力學(xué)習(xí)。9)火車就要開了。10)昨天晚上發(fā)生了事故。注：不及物動詞與介詞連用時，其后也可跟賓語。例如：PeteriswaitingforKateatschoolgate． ３.主語＋謂語（及物動詞）＋賓語及物動詞后需要一個動作的接受者（賓語），才能使句意表達(dá)完整、準(zhǔn)確。作賓語的成分是名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句。e.g.WestudyEnglish.Doyouknowhim?

Yourradioneedsrepairing.Shehopestoseeheruncle.11)我昨天看了一部電影。_______________.12)你戒煙了嗎？13)他們想和我們?nèi)谇⑾嗵帯Ｑa(bǔ)充:少數(shù)不及物動詞后面能跟一個相同意義的名詞作賓語，這個名詞和前面的動詞在詞根上相同的或者在意義上是相近的，這樣的賓語就叫做同源賓語。常見的能帶同源賓語的動詞有：lead,live,die,sleep,dream,breathe,smile,laugh,fight,run,sing等。例如：Thepeasantsleadahappylife.Idreamedaterribledreamlastnight.OursoldiersfoughtawonderfulfightagainstthefloodslastAugust.Hediedagloriousdeath.練習(xí)3:翻譯下列句子:14)他正在做功課。15）不要嘲笑同學(xué)。16）我不明白你在說什么。17)她每天晚上看電視。

18)明天下午我們將進(jìn)行英語考試。19)大多數(shù)人很喜歡輕音樂。

４.主語＋謂語（及物動詞）＋間賓＋直賓能跟雙賓語的動詞常見的（for）有:buy,make,cook,get,choose,sing,find,order(訂購),do,play(演奏)等。例如：UncleLiboughtmeabirthdaypresent．(＝UncleLiboughtabirthdaypresentforme．)能跟雙賓語的動詞常見的（to）有:give,lend,teach,take,return,send,pass,tell,sell,write,show,bring,leave,offer,hand等。例如：Pleasepasshimacupoftea．(＝Pleasepassacupofteatohim．)

注：若直接賓語是人稱代詞時，通常情況下將其置于間接賓語之前。例如：誤：Pleasegivemethem．正：Pleasegivethemtome．練習(xí)4:翻譯下列句子:20)我給他一些錢．21)他給我買了一些書．22)

請把你的畫給我看一下。23)我會給你提供機(jī)會的?！g接賓語可改成由to引起的短語，表示動作向誰?！g接賓語可改成由for引起的短語，表示動作為誰５.主語＋及物動詞＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)賓語補(bǔ)足語的作用是說明賓語的動作或狀態(tài)。作賓語補(bǔ)足語的主要是名詞、形容詞、動詞不定式和分詞即非謂語動詞,副詞和介詞短語等也可以用作賓語補(bǔ)足語。"賓語

+

賓語補(bǔ)足語",也可稱之為復(fù)合賓語。1．后跟名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有call,name,make,choose,think，elect,appoint等。Eg.WecallhimTomforshort． 2．后跟形容詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有keep,make,find,get,think等。Eg.It’sveryhothere．We’dbetterkeepthewindowsopen．3．能接非謂語動詞做賓補(bǔ)的動詞有感官動詞和使役動詞感官動詞（see,watch,lookat,observe,notice,listento,hear,find,feel,..）+賓語+賓補(bǔ)（do,v-ing,done）Eg.Wesawhimplayingintheplayground.使役動詞（make,have,get,let,cause,…）+賓語+賓補(bǔ)（do/todo,v-ing,done）其中：make,have,let+賓語+賓補(bǔ)（do,v-ing,done）get,cause+賓語+賓補(bǔ)（todo,v-ing,done）4．另外表愿望,命令,要求等意義的動詞后可接todo來當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語,如ask,want,wish,expect,like,tell,order...Heaskedmetopasshimthebook..Ourheadteacherwantsustokeeptheclassroomclean.如：

We

elected

Liu

Lei

monitor.

（elect,choose,appoint,make,call,name等詞后面跟表示職位的名詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語時，職位名詞前不要冠詞）The

news

made

him

unhappy.

You

shouldn't

let

him

go

there

alone.

I

had

the

bike

repaired.

Pleasekeeptheclassroomclean.

Sheaskedmetocallhimagain. 練習(xí)5:翻譯下列句子:24)我認(rèn)為這工作容易。25)他把墻漆成白色。26）Anne叫她的日記Kitty。27)那消息使我很高興。28)他聽見有人在敲門。29)那故事使我們笑了起來。30）我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個誠實的人。_____________________________________.▲There…be/stand/lie/live結(jié)構(gòu)1）Thereisacomputeronthedesk.2）TherewillbethousandsofvisitorinGuangzhounextmonth.3）Thereusedtobeariverhere.4）Therestandsatempleonthetopofthemountain.5）Therelivedanoldfishermanhere10yearsago.練習(xí)6:翻譯下列句子:31)課室里有很多桌子。32)樹下有一個漂亮的女孩。33)Tom在中國有許多朋友。_________________________________________練習(xí)7:劃分下列斜體字部分的句子成分:1.Thepriceisgoingdownabitinthecarmarketabroad.2.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.3.Layingeggsisantqueen’sfull-timejob.4.ShewasthefirsttowintheNobelPrizetwice.5.Hereturnedawhite-haired,wiseoldman.6.ToswimacrosstheChannelisawonderfulexperience.7.Thereremainsmuchtotalkabout.8.HowlongdidtheCivilwarlast?9.Thedyingistakengoodcareofinhishospital.10.Thereisnoneedtohavefurtherdiscussionaboutit.11.Allhaschangedsincetherulesweremade.12.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheritrainsornot.13.Itsoundslikeatrainthatisgoingunderthehouse.14.Themanwasfounddeadthenextday.

答案1).Thefoodtastesveryterrible.2).Silkfeelssoftandsmooth.3)Weshouldkeepmodestanytime.

4)Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.5).Thefactproveright.6）Thefoodhasgonebad.7）Thewaterboiled.8)Westudyhard.9)Thetrainisstarting/leaving..10)Theaccidenttookplacelastnight.11)Isawafilmyesterday.12)Doyoustopsmoking?13)Theywanttogetalongwellwithus.14）Heisdoinghislessons.15)Don’tlaughatclassmates.16)Idon’tunderstandwhatyouaredoing.17)ShewatchesTVeveryevening.18)WewillhaveanEnglishexamtomorrowafternoon,19)Mostofpeoplelikesoftmusic.20)Igavehimsomemoney.=tohim.21)Heboughtmesomebooks.=forme.22)Pleaseshowmeyourpicture.23)I'llofferyouagoodchance.24)Ithinkthejobeasy.25)Hepaintedthewallwhite.26)AnncalledherdiaryKitty.27)Thenewsmademehappy.28)Heheardsomebodyknockingatthedoor.29)Thestorymadeuslaugh.