2022年北京高考英語試題和答案

2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（北京卷）英語本試卷共頁，共100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長90分鐘。考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、BC、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。OneMondaywhilethechildrenwereenjoying“freeplay”,Isteppedthedoorwayoftheclassroomabreak.Ichildrenthroughensuretheirsafetyfromthebittercold.Ifeltachill()throughmycarriedmethatandIpushedopen.ItwasoneofkindergartenerswhoIthoughtwasthathadbeendroppedatschoollateandwasopenthehavebeenwaitingthereforquiteawhile!aword,Irushedhimthehospital.wastreated1amovementoftheheavywoodenThiswasthedoorI2guidedthe34forfrostbiteonhishands.He’dneedThenextmorning,oneofthefirst5,andforclassthenextIthought.6wasmylittlefrostbittenNotonlydidherunbuthis7couldbeheardasloudasever!Igavehimawarmhugandtoldhimhow8Iwasseehim.wordshavestayedmealltheseyears,“IknewwouldopentheThatcoldMondayhewaitedalong,longwhileforadults9.achild,everyminutefeelslikeattemptwalkbackhome;hewaitedandtrusted.Thistaughtapowerfullesson10.．Acaused．Ahesitantly．Aangry．spottedBrandomlyBabsent．content．playCcheckedCdizzily．specialunable．CarriveDimaginedDcarefullyD．noisy．Acourageous．Arecover．AsettleDunwillingD．waitgatherweepD．react．Asneeze．complaintDlaughter．Aluckyhappy．curious．holdupCfaithD．nervousDlineupD．kindness．Ashowup．Agratitude．pullup．第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）1括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。AHelenwaswalkingdownthestreetlatebalancingthebags,shenoticeherwalletfallingoutofherpocket.Helenwalkedon,sheheardamantowardsFearfulthathemighthaveanintention12(harm)Helenstartedrun.theevening,herfilledgrocerybags.Focusedontheman13(catch)upandhewasonlytryingreturnherwallet!BWhydohumansprefersmellsoverothers?Oneincreasinglysuggeststhatsmellpreferencesarelearned.easyexplainhowdetermine1415(support)byexperts,smellsaredangerousornot:learn.Thishasbeenadoptedensureeasierdetectionofleaks.Gasnaturally16(have)norecognisablesmell.astrongsmelladdedsothatcanraisethealarmwhendetecttheassociatedCSincepeopleeatoutorcookforandfooddeliveryequalmorewaste,especiallyplasticwaste.Thatincludescups,bottles,andbags,mostof18areonlygoodforoneuse.abigproblemandgettingeven19(bad).Theuseofthoseplastics17(they),theytakeoutorordertakeout20(increase)by300%since2019.Theworldsurvivethissituationcontinues.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、CD四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。APeer(同伴)AssistedStudySessionsapeer-facilitatedlearningprogrammeavailablestudentsenrolled()mostcoreunitsofstudyourbusinessschool.involvessessionswhereworkgroupstacklespeciallypreparedproblemsets,basedaroundaunitofstudyyou’reenrolledin.re-teachordelivernewcontent.anopportunitydeepenyourunderstandingofthepointsfromlecturematerialswhileareapplyingyourskillsproblems.workinteractivelyyourpeers.apeergroup,decidewhatcoveredeachsession.Thatdirectlyrespondsyourneedsandfeedback.Registration2openat921September2022.asessionfull,canregisterforthewaitingemailaplacebecomesavailableoranewsessionbeheld.Whenareplacedonawaitinganumberwhichtellswhereareontheareclosethefrontofthehaveagoodchanceofgainingaplacetheprogrammethenearfuture.DeregisteringmisssessionsabederegisteredandyourplacebegivensomeoneonthewaitingMakesuretheattendancesheetateachsessionrecordyourattendance.beinformedbyemailarebeingderegisteredasaresultofmissingsessions.Ifbelievehavereceivedtheemailemailtheatpassoffice@umbs.edu.．students______.AattendnewlecturesBdecidetheirownschedulesprepareproblemsetsgroups．Whatcanstudentsdoasessionfull?AFilltheattendancesheet.Dusetheirskillsproblems．upforthewaitingReporttheirneedsandfeedback.．Studentsbederegistered______.AtheysendemailserrorDEmailthetheirnumbersonthe．theyfailworkinteractivelytheytheirplacesothersD．theymisssessionsarowBAlice.EarlylastIwastroubledbyananxietythatcrippled(削弱)abilitydoanything.IfeltlikeastormcloudhungoverForayearIstruggledon,constantlystaringatthiswallthatfacedme.perfectionisttendencieswerethemainrootofthis:IwantedbeperfectatwhateverIdid,whichobviouslynotpossible,butconsumedme.OneIattendedapresentationbywildlifeconservationistGrantBrownatschool.presentationnotonlyawedandinspiredme,butalsohelpedaninnerdesireatheworld.Ijoinedapre-presentationdinnerhimandthatsmallersettingallowedmeslowlybuildupcouragespeakone-on-onehim—anideathathadseemedcompletelyimpossible.Thisfirstcontactwaswherestorybegan.AmonthBrowninvitedmeattendtheConference.Lookingback,Inowseethatthiswouldbethefirstaseriesoftimelyopportunitiesthatmyoldselfwouldhaveletpass,butthatthisnewandconfidentAliceenthusiasticallyseized.ShortlyafterIreceivedhisinvitation,applicationsjointheforNatureandtheforPlanetgroupsweresentaroundthroughschool.Idecidedcompletingtheapplications,andsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingprotectnature.Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedmyconfidence.Iamwritingthisjustsixmonthssincemyjourneybeganandrealisedthatbiggestobstacle(障礙)thiswholewasmyself.Itwasthatvoicethebackofheadtellingthatonephrasethathasstoppedsopeoplefromreachingtheirpotential:ITheysaygoodthingsthosewhowait;Ieveryopportunityeverythinghaveandbeimpatient.Afterall,naturedoesnotrequireourpatience,butouraction.．WhatwasthecauseforAHerinabilityactherage.Herdesirebeperfect.．Herhabitofconsumption.D．Herlackofinspiration.．HowdidGrantpresentationinfluenceAlice?AShedecideddosomethingfornature.Shelearnedabouttheharmofdesire.BShetastedthesweetnessoffriendship.D．Shebuiltuphercouragespeakup.．TheactivitiesAlicejoinedhelpedherbecome______.Aintelligent．confident．innovativeD．critical．Whatcanlearnfromthispassage?APracticemakesperfect.．PatienceacureofActionworstDEverythingcomesthosewhowait.CWhatwouldtheworldbetherewerenohungeraquestionthatProfessorCrystalwouldaskherstudents.Theyfoundhardshewrotebecauseimaginingsomethingthatpartofreallife—andlearninghowreal—isarareskill.Ittaughtartistsandengineers,butmuchlessoftenscientists.Crystalsetoutthat,andhelpedcreateaglobalmovement.Theresult—anapproachknownassystemsthinking—isnowseenasessentialmeetingglobalchallenges.Systemsthinkingcrucialachievingsuchashungerandbetternutritionbecauserequiresconsideringthewaywhichfoodproduced,processed,deliveredandconsumed,andlookingathowthosethingsintersect(交叉)humanhealth,theenvironment,economicsandAccordingsystemsthinking,changingthefoodsystem—oranyothernetwork—requiresthreethingshappen.First,researchersneedidentifyalltheplayersthatsystem;second,theyworkouthowtheyrelateeachother;andthird,theyneedunderstandandquantifytheimpactofthoserelationshipsoneachotherandonthoseoutsidethesystem.nutrition.thelatestreportonglobalfoodthenumberofundernourished(營養(yǎng)不良)peopletheworldhasbeendespitegreatadvancesnutritionscience.of150biochemicalsfoodhasbeenimportantrevealingtherelationshipsbetweencalories,fatandtheoccurrenceofcommondiseases.Butusingmachinelearningandartificialintelligence,scientistsproposethathumandietsconsistofatleast26,000biochemicals—andthatthemajorityarenotknown.AsystemsapproachcreatingalsobuiltontheassumptionthateveryonethesystemhasequalButasresearchersfind,thefoodnotanequalone.Agoodwayredress(修正)suchpowerimbalanceformoreuniversitiesdowhatCrystaldidandteachstudentshowthinkusingasystemsapproach.researchers,policymakersandrepresentativesfromthefoodindustrymustlearnlookbeyondtheirdirectlinesofresponsibilityandadoptasystemsapproach.Crystalknewthatvisionsaloneproduceresults,butconcludedthat“we’llneverproduceresultsthatenvision”.．TheauthorusesthequestionunderlinedParagraph1______.AillustrateanintroducethetopichighlightanopinionD．predicttheending．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthefieldofnutrition?AThefirstobjectiveofsystemsthinkingbeenachieved.Therelationshipsamongplayershavebeenclarified.Machinelearningcanthenutritionproblem.DTheimpactofnutritioncannotbequantified.．forsystemsthinking,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?AItmaybeusedjustifypowerimbalance.Itcanbeappliedchallenges.Ithelpsprovewhyhungerexists.DItgoesbeyondhumanimagination.DQuantum(量子)computershavebeenonmindalotAfriendhasbeensendingarticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpofthebiggestchallengesfaceashumans.alsohadexchangesquantum-computingexperts.OnecomputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherphysicistPhilipFordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlethanalaboratorybigtechcompanieshaveinvestedquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingBusinessquantummachinescouldhelpus“cureandevenstepsturnclimatetheoppositedirection.”Thisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.worriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheykeep.Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailablequantumcomputingresearchers.”quantumcomputingattractsattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirpotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightwaydoubt,disappointmentandJohnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesespeciallypronehype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolbeableunderstand.”AndthatbringsbackwhosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.AfterIreadthebook,patientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutalsoansweredmyquestionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmheco-founded2016.sharesconcernsabouthype,buthethoseconcernsdonotapplyPyQuantum.Thehesays,closerthananyotherfirma(幅度)”buildinga“useful”quantumonethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwouldnothavebeenableotherwise.”adds,“Peoplenaturallydiscountopinions,butIhavespentalotofquantitativelycomparingwhataredoingothers.”CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawideasclaims?II’mcertainlynotgoingadvisefriendoranyoneelseinvestquantumcomputers.ButItrustjustasItrustJohnson.．Regardingconcerns,theauthorfeels______.Asympathetic．Whatleadsoptimismaboutquantumcomputing?Adominancephysics.．Thecompetitionthefield.．unconcerneddoubtfulDexcitedconfidencePyQuantum.．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone”Paragraph3mostprobablymean?AOpen.BCool.CUseful.D．Resistant.DTheinvestmentoftechcompanies.．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?AIsJohnsonCompetentThanIsQuantumComputingRedefiningQuantumComputersintoDQuantumComputingEverLiveItsHype?第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Healthandfitnesshelpapersonliveagoodandhealthylife.Oftenduevariouspressures,tendignoreourhealth.3635thefitnesslevelofourbodythathelpsusthesediseases.needbefithaveahealthyarehealthyshallnaturallybeattractedtowardsmaintainingthefitnessofourHealththestateofourbodyatagiventime.maynothaveanydiseasebuthaveaweakwhichreadybebyviruses.37ThisdoesnotdefinitelythatarenotItmeansthefitnesslevelnotaccordanceourandtheclimaticconditionslivein.importantforeveryonedevotehealthandfitness.38Forinstance,mustexercisedailyregardlessofourandworkingstyle.Therearedifferentofexercisesfordifferentgroupsanddothemaccordingourownhealthandage.importantrelaxourshouldhaveatleastsixeighthoursofsleepeveryIthelpsimprovingourimmune(免疫)systemandprotectsusagainstdiseases.goalsofhealthandfitness.39This,turn,givesusnewAFitnesslevelsdecidethequalityoflife.HealthandfitnessareinterrelatedeachItalsohelpskeepinguscalmandrelaxesourmind.D．Forinstance,haveatendencycatchacold．Ifkeepourbodycanenjoyabetter．Thereareactivitieswhicheveryoneshoulddoourlife.GThismakesourbodysufferandcatchlifestyleandotherdiseases.第三部分書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。ainventorandentrepreneur(創(chuàng)業(yè)者),witnessedathisownschoolthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykids.knewtherehadbeabetterportabledrinksolutionanddecidedinnovatefromsomethinghesawhisownhome:fruitinfused()watchedhishealthyfruitinfusionsbutthenstruggleforatake-alongoption.Fromobservinghisandfromhisdesirekidsbetterdrinkoptions,heuphisoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle.“IwantedupanaturalwayforpeopledrinkwhenontheAbigpartofmissionpeopleofallagessugarydrinks,”explains.Thebottleastrainer(濾網(wǎng))thatallowsthegreattastesandnaturalsugarsofthevariousfruitsandvegetableschoosethroughthewithoutanyoftheseedsorskinsflowingthrough.proudofhisdesignandexcitedbesellingtheFunBottleonhiswebsiteandstores,butthismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentsothers.helpsprovidehealthyalternativessugarydrinks;andalsodonatespartoftheprofitstheforaHealthierGeneration(OHG).hasbeenawardedseveralprizes,butthisteenageinnovatorremainshumble.Whenaskedwhatadvicehe’dotherentrepreneurialyouth,hesays,“Prepareandhaveyoursupport.Itimportantknowfromthebeginningthattherearealotofhighsandlows,andtherenosuchthingasovernightsuccess.”．Whatdidwitnessathisownschool?．WheredidtheideafortheoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle?．Pleasedecidewhichpartfalsethefollowingstatement,thenunderlineandexplainmostproudofopportunitiesFunBottlepresentsothersbecausenotprovideshealthyalternativessugarydrinksbutalsodonatesallprofitsOHG.．Amongqualities,whichone(s)dothinkbeimportantforus?Why?(Inabout40words)第二節(jié)（