專四虛擬語氣題目及講解幻燈片課件

虛擬語氣回顧歷年真題虛擬語氣講解1

1、It’sgettinglate.I’dratheryou__now.

——2011.61題

A、left

B、leave

C、areleaving

D、willleaveWouldrather后面接從句時，表示主語寧愿某人做某事，從句用虛擬語氣，動詞用一般過去式，表示希望。注意區(qū)分wouldrather其它兩個慣用句式：wouldratherdosth.“寧愿做某事”；wouldratherdo…thando…“寧愿做某事而不愿做某事”2

2.Itisnecessarythathe__theassignmentwithoutdelay

——2010.60題

A.handin

B.handsin

C.musthandin

D.hastohandin考查的是虛擬語氣?！癐t+be+a.+that”從句，that引導(dǎo)的主語從句謂語動詞常用should+動詞原形。用于該句型的形容詞有necessary,good,important，right，wrong,better,natural,proper,funny,strange,surprising等。3

3、Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English__mucheasiertolearn.

——2009.52題

A、couldhaveseen

B、wouldbe

C、willbe

D、wouldhavebeen本體表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)。表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，條件從句用一般過去式，主句使用should(would)+動詞原形。A項couldhavebeen是對過去事實的假設(shè)、與從句所表示的現(xiàn)在事實不符合；C項wil不用于虛擬語氣中；D項是與過去事實相反的假設(shè)的虛擬語氣從句形式。4

4.HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,she__muchbetterresultsnow.——2008.52題

A.Wouldbegetting

B.couldhavegot

C.mustget

D.Wouldget條件句與過去事實相反，雖然主句的時間副詞為now，但事實上該成績已經(jīng)出來，故用couldhavegot.而不是wouldget.5

5.Ifonlythepatient__adifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheantibiotics,hemightstillbealivenow.

——2007.54題

A.hadreceived

B.received

C.shouldreceive

D.wererecevingifonly常常用來表達強烈的愿望或遺憾，主要用在虛擬語氣中。由于所提事實與過去事實相反，所以用過去完成時。6

6.IfonlyI__playtheguitaraswellasyou!

——2007.52題

A.would

B.could

C.should

D.might考察虛擬語氣中情態(tài)動詞的用法。Ifonly從意義和語法上都相當(dāng)于Iwish，后面的謂語動詞用一般過去時表示目前的愿望，用過去完成時表示過去的愿望，用would/coulddo表示將來的期望。A項側(cè)重人的意愿，B項指人的能力。7

7.It’shightimewe__cuttingdowntherainforests.

__2006.54

A.stopped

B.hadtostop

C.shallstop

D.stopIt’s(high)time(that)后面的從句謂語動詞用一般過去式或should+動詞原形，且should不可省略。8

8.__you__furtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealerforadvice.——2005.63題

A.If,had

B.Have,had

C.Should,have

D.incase,had

本句表示對現(xiàn)在和將來情況的虛擬：Shouldyouhavefurtherproblems其實是從Ifyoushouldhavefurtherproblems轉(zhuǎn)化而來的哦，通常這類從句后面，主句的謂語用祈使語氣或陳述語氣。Incase“萬一，以防”，后面一般跟現(xiàn)在時或者should+動詞原形。9

9.__ifIhadarrivedyesterdaywithoutlettingyouknowbeforehand?——2004.54

A.wouldyoubesurprised

B.Wereyousurprised

C.Hadyoubeensurprised

D.Wouldyouhavebeensurprised錯綜非真實條件句。在通常情況下，非真實條件句如果使用的過去完成式，主句通常用would+動詞的過去完成式，表示對與過去事實相反的情況的遐想。但在這句里，主從句用在了直接疑問句里，是說話者的現(xiàn)場提問，顯然是詢問被疑問者的當(dāng)時感受，因此，采用would+動詞現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。10

10.__forthefactthatshebrokeherleg,shemighthavepassedtheexam.

——2002.60

A.Haditnotbeen

B.Hadn’titbeen

C.Wasitnot

D.Wereitnot

mighthavepassed,說明本句內(nèi)容與過去事實相反，所以從句應(yīng)該使用過去完成時。Haditnotbeenfor用于虛擬語氣也表示要不是，要是沒有，是ifitwerenotfor的倒裝形式，但主句內(nèi)容應(yīng)與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾?，如：Wereitnotforhim,youwouldn’tgetanywhere.11

虛擬語氣

1.主從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)

(1)掌握主從句謂語動詞的規(guī)范搭配:

主句從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反would/情態(tài)動詞過去式+dowere(不分人稱)/did與過去事實相反would/情態(tài)動詞過去式+havedonehaddone與將來事實相反would/情態(tài)動詞過去式+doshoulddo/weretodo12

(2)區(qū)分主從句表示的不同時間概念：主從句謂語動詞所指時間不同，這叫做錯綜時間條件句，動詞形式應(yīng)根據(jù)實際情況來調(diào)整。如：Haditnotbeenforthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbesothrivingasitis.(主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句與過去事實相反)HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,hewouldbeourchairmannow.(主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句與過去事實相反)13

(3)識別事實和假設(shè)混合句：Yourmathinstructorwouldhavebeenhappytogiveyouamake-upexaminationhadyougoneandexplainedthatyourparentswereillatthetime. (句子前半部分為假設(shè)情況，而“父母病了”是事實)

Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butIwasfullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek. (前半部分為假設(shè)，后半部分是事實)14

2.名詞性從句的虛擬形式名詞性從句是指賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。從句的謂語動詞需用(should+)動詞原形表示虛擬?？忌鷳?yīng)熟悉：

(1)下列動詞做謂語時，that賓語從句中的動詞用虛擬形式：desire,advise,recommend,command,direct,order,ask,demand,request,requireinsist,maintain,move,propose,prefer,urge,vote。如：Inthepastmengenerallypreferredthattheirwivesworkinthehome.Imovethathebedischargedforhisseriousmistake.15

(2)下列形容詞和分詞做表語或補語時，that主語從句中動詞用虛擬形式：advisable,desirable,insistent,preferable,urgent,appropriate,compulsory,crucial,essential,imperative,important,necessary,obligatory,possible,probable,proper,vital,advised,arranged,commanded,demanded,desired,ordered,proposed,recommended,requested,required,suggested。如：Theboarddeemiturgentthatthesefilesshouldbeprintedrightaway.Itisessentialthatallthesefiguresbecheckedtwice.16

(3)下列名詞接同位語從句或表語從句時，從句中動詞用虛擬形式：insistence,preference,recommendation,suggestion,proposal,motion,desire,requirement,request,order,necessity,importance,regulation,rule,resolution,understanding。如：JohnWagner’smostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAfro-Americanpoetryishisinsistencethatitbeanalyzedinareligious,aswellasworldly,frameofreference.Theykeeptellingusitisofutmostimportancethatourrepresentativebesenttotheconferenceonschedule17

3.含蓄虛擬條件句的謂語動詞形式含蓄虛擬語氣是指假設(shè)條件不通過if從句表達，而是暗含在其他結(jié)構(gòu)中?？忌鷳?yīng)熟悉：(1)連詞but,butthat,or,orelse；副詞otherwise,unfortunately等表示轉(zhuǎn)折假設(shè)。如：Asafetyanalysiswouldhaveidentifiedthetargetasapotentialdanger.Unfortunately,itwasneverdone.Victorobviouslydoesn’tknowwhat’shappened;otherwisehewouldn’thavemadesuchastupidremark.(2)介詞短語暗含假設(shè)條件，常用的有：without,butfor,undermorefavorableconditions等。如：ButfortheEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.(3)intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned或was/were+不定式完成式或hadintended/meant/planned/hoped/wished+不定式一般式暗示虛擬語氣。如：Iintendedtohavecalledonyou,butIwasbusyatthattime.18

(4)情態(tài)動詞完成式暗示虛擬語氣。如：Ishouldhavecalledtomakeanairlinereservation,butIdidn’t.

4.常用虛擬形式的句型(1)從句中動詞用過去式或過去完成式表示虛擬的句型：wouldrather

wouldassoon

asthough

suppose…h(huán)adrather

wouldsooner

asif

supposing…Ifonly…

Itis(high)timethat…(從句中動詞只用過去式)如：Hiswifewouldrathertheydidn’ttalkaboutthematteranymore.I’dratheryouwentbytrain,becauseIcan’tbeartheideaofyourbeinginanairplaneinsuchbadweather.19