2023-2024學(xué)年福建省福州市四校教學(xué)聯(lián)盟高一（上）期中英語試卷

2023-2024學(xué)年福建省福州市四校教學(xué)聯(lián)盟高一（上）期中英語試卷第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）1．（1.5分）Wherewillthespeakershavelunch？A.Inthepark.B.Intheoffice.C.Inthedininghall.2．（1.5分）WhenwillTheCuckooClockstart？A.At6：00.B.At6：10.C.At7：00.3．（1.5分）Howwilltheboygotoschooltomorrow？A.Bycar.B.Bybus.C.Bybike.4．（1.5分）Wherearethespeakers？A.Inalibrary.B.Inaclassroom.C.Inabookstore.5．（1.5分）Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout？A.Thesky.B.Thesun.C.Theocean.第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）6．（3分）（1）Whatarethespeakersdoing？A.Talkingaboutaband.B.Lookingatapicture.C.Enjoyingaperformance.（2）Howoldisthewoman？A.20yearsold.B.22yearsold.C.24yearsold.7．（3分）（1）Whyisthemanstressed？A.He'sbusywiththisweek'sexam.B.Hehasalotofschoolworktodo.C.Theprofessorsdon'tlikehim.（2）Whatwillthewomando？A.Doexercisewiththeman.B.Teachthemantoreadfast.C.Helpwiththeman'sschoolwork.8．（4.5分）（1）Whatdoesthewomanthinkofherjob？A.Challenging.B.Attractive.C.Well﹣paid.（2）Whathasthewomandecidedtodo？A.Tryforanotherjob.B.Learnanewlanguage.C.Getfull﹣timeeducation.（3）Wherearethespeakersgoing？A.Toaconcerthall.B.Toacompany.C.Toaschool.9．（6分）（1）Whatsizebagdoesthemanwant？A.40cmx60cm.B.60cmx90cm.C.70cmx90cm.（2）Whatcolorbagdoesthemanchoose？A.Blueandwhite.B.Redandwhite.C.Redandgreen.（3）Howmuchwillthemanpay？A.＄300.B.＄200.C.＄100.（4）WhywillthemangetthebagonSaturday？A.Itwillbecheaperonweekends.B.Heneedsitforcampingthisweekend.C.Thecolorhewantsisavailablethisweekend.10．（6分）（1）Howmanyboysarethereinthefirstphoto？A.Four.B.Five.C.Six.（2）Whatisthechildren'sattitudetowardsthescoreofthefootballgame？A.Theydon'tmind.B.Theyfeelupset.C.Theyarepuzzled.（3）Whatarethegirlsinthesecondphotodoing？A.Drinkingcoffee.B.Doingsports.C.Talkingtogether.（4）Whatbenefitdoestheactivityinthesecondphotoprovide？A.Itgivesasenseofwinning.B.Itoffersachancetocommunicatemore.C.Ithelpsthechildrentoimprovephysicalhealth.閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)；每小題6分，滿分40分）11．（6分）Volunteeringisagreatwaytodevelopnewskills，gainexperienceandconnectwithothers.Ifyouareinterestedinvolunteering，herearesomerecommendedopportunities.DisabledPeople'sBuddyBecomeabuddytohelpyoungdisabledpeople.Youcandecidehowtospendyourtimetogether，whetherinanartexhibitionoralittleconcert，butremembertotakecareofhimorher.Wehopethatyouunderstandtheimportanceofprotectingpeople'sdignity，communicatewiththempatiently，anddevote3﹣4hourseveryweektotheprojectforatleastsixmonths.AppContentCreatorWe'remakinganapptopromoteprotectionofourplanetfromclimatechange.We'relookingforsomeonewhocaresabouttheclimatecrisisandusesonlinedesigntoolsskilfully.Ifyouareadmitted，youwillworkatleast4hoursperweekfromhometohelppublicizegreenliving，butyouwilllearnalotaboutmarketingandbrandbuilding.VolunteerMapEditorYourprimaryresponsibilityistoupdatestructuredataforTheNationalMapusingourmappingapp.Structuresincludeschools，hospitals，policestations，andotherimportantpublicbuildings.Sincethisisanongoingremotecomputer﹣basedactivity，youcanparticipatefromanywhereyouhavereliableInternetaccessifitsuitsyourschedule.CitizenTVVolunteerMakeachange﹣makingfeaturedocumentarywithus.Youwillresearch，film，andbringtolightsomeinspiringstoriesoverthepast160years.Nopriorskillsarerequired，andyouwillreceiveprofessionalcameratraining.Youwillworkfromdaytonight，sopleasegetyourbodyandmindprepared.（1）Whatshouldyoudoasabuddyofdisabledpeople？A.Discovertheirartistictalents.B.Accompanythemwithrespect.C.Providethemwithmedicalcare.D.Developtheircommunicationskills.（2）Howcanonebenefitfrombecominganappcontentcreator？A.Adoptahealthylifestyle.B.Promotepersonalbrands.C.Takeonlinedesigncourses.D.Acquiremarketingknowledge.（3）Whichvolunteeropportunityisthemostflexibleintermsofworkingtime？A.DisabledPeople'sBuddy.B.AppContentCreator.C.VolunteerMapEditor.D.CitizenTVVolunteer.12．（8分）AlthoughEnglishisnotasoldasChinese，itisspokenbymanypeoplearoundtheworldeveryday.Englishspeakersarealwayscreatingnewwords，andweareoftenabletoknowwheremostwordscomefrom.Sometimes，however，noonemayreallyknowwhereawordcomesfrom.Didyoueverthinkaboutwhyhamburgers（漢堡包）arecalledhamburgers，especiallywhentheyarenotmadewithham（火腿）？Aboutahundredyearsago，somemenwenttoAmericafromEurope.TheycamefromabigcityinGermanycalledHamburg.TheydidnotspeakgoodEnglish，buttheyategoodfood.WhensomeAmericanssawthemeatingroundpiecesofbeef，theyaskedtheGermanswhatitwas.TheGermansdidnotunderstandthequestionandanswered，"WecomefromHamburg."OneoftheseAmericansownedarestaurant，andhadanidea.HecookedsomeroundpiecesofbeeflikethosewhichthemenfromHamburgate.Thenheputeachbetweentwopiecesofbreadandstartedsellingthem.Suchbreadcametobecalled"hamburgers".Today"hamburgers"aresoldinmanycountriesaroundtheworld.Whetherthisstoryistrueornot，itcertainlyisinteresting.Knowingwhyanywordhasacertainmeaningisinteresting.too.Thisreason，formostEnglishwords，canbefoundinanylargeEnglishdictionary.（1）Aboutahundredyearsago，Hamburgwas.A.AnAmericancityB.aChinesecityC.thenameofavillageD.acityinGermany（2）Hamburgersaremainlymadewith.A.beef，breadB.onlymadewithbeefC.bread，potatoD.onlymadewithbread（3）Accordingtothewriter，whichofthefollowingcanoftenbefoundinanylargeEnglishdictionary？A.Whereallthenewwordscomefrom.B.WherethoseGermanscamefrom.C.ThereasonwhyanEnglishwordhasacertainmeaning.D.ThereasonwhyEnglishisspokenaroundtheworld.（4）Accordingtothestory，theword"hamburger"comesfrom.A.ChinabecauseithasalonghistoryB.EnglandbecauseGermansdon'tspeakgoodEnglishC.theroundpiecesofbeefwhichthosepeoplefromHamburgwereeatingD.Englishspeakersbecausetheyalwayscreatenewwords13．（8分）Foryears，you'vebeentoldthatstresscanbedeadlyandissomethingtobeavoided.Therefore，ananxioussituationisoftenaccompaniedbyasenseoffear.However，recentstudiessuggestthatstress﹣relatedharmfuleffectsonyourhealtharenotunavoidable.Onestudyfollowed30，000peopleovereightyearsandmeasuredtheirstresslevels.Thosewhobelievedthatstressisharmfuldiedatahigherratethanthosewhowereunderstressbutdidn'tacknowledgetheso﹣callednegativeeffects.Thelattergroupwashealthier，andmanyofthemlivedlong，happylives.Stressfulfeelingsstartoutinasmallregionofthebrainthataffectshowpeoplefeelemotions，especiallyfear.Thesmallregionisverysensitivetopossiblethreats.Whenitsensesdanger，italertsthebrain，andfeelingsoffearorstresscanresult.Thesefeelingsgivepeopleawarningmessagewhentheyneedtopayattentionandwhentheyneedtotakeaction.Forinstance，whenthesightofaspeedingcartriggers（觸發(fā)）theregiontoreleasealightning﹣fastmessage，weknowimmediatelytomoveoutoftheway!AnotherstudycarriedbyHealthpsychologistDr.McGonigalfoundalinkbetweenstressandtheamountofsympathypeopleshowedtoothers.Researcherstracked1，000adults，theirdescriptionsofthelevelofstressintheirlivesandtheamountoftimespenthelpingothers.Witheachmajorstressfulevent，suchasafamilytragedyorfinancialcrisis，theriskofdyingincreasedby30percent.Butforthegroupwhospenttimehelpingothers，therewasnoincreaseinstress﹣relateddeaths，evenforthosewhohadfacedtheirownpersonaltragedies.AccordingtoDr.McGonigal，"Chasingmeaningisbetterforyourhealththantryingtoavoiddiscomfort.Goafterwhatitisthatcreatesmeaninginyourlifeandthentrustyourselftohandlethestressthatfollows."（1）Whatdoesthestudyinparagraph2suggest？A.Stresscausedmanydeathsovereightyears.B.Stresswon'thurtyouifyoudon'tacknowledgeitspresence.C.Itisnotthestressbutourresponsetoitthatcreatesproblems.D.Thosewithoutstressusuallylivelongandhappylives.（2）Whatdoweknowaboutstressfromparagraph3？A.Stressisharmfultothebrain.B.Stresscancausedanger.C.Stresscanbeathreattous.D.Stresscanleadtotimelyaction.（3）WhatcanwelearnfromDr.McGonigal'sstudy？A.Peoplewithoutstressspendmoretimecaringothers.B.Stressoftencausesafamilytragedyorfinancialcrisis.C.Stresscanbeavoidedbyhelpingothers.D.Peoplechasingmeaninginlifesufferlessfromstress.（4）Whichmaybethebesttitleforthetext？A.StressIsNotYourEnemy.B.ManCanConquerStress.C.WeNeedRemoveStress.D.StressIsNearlyHarmless14．（8分）Empathyandgenerosityaretwoqualitiesthatarguablymaketheworldgoround.Butastudysuggeststhatthewillingnesstohelpcrasheswhenpeoplegettoolittlesleep.Toproveit，researchersconductedthreeexperimentsdesignedtoexaminetheissuefromtheindividualtothesocietalscale.Inthefirstexperiment，researchersperformedfunctionalmagneticresonance（磁共振）imagingscansofthebrainandquestioned24adultsafteraneight﹣hour﹣sleepnightandafterasleeplessnight.Whentheyrestedwell，theparticipantsscoredwellonahelpingbehaviortest.Butaftersleeploss，78percenthadlessofadesiretohelpothers，evenwhenitcametofriendsandfamily.Thescansshowedthatareasofthebrainsassociatedwithsocialcognition—ourthoughtprocessesrelatedtootherpeople—werelessactivewithsleeploss.Thesecondexperimenttracked136healthyadultsoverfournightsandaskedthemquestionsabouthelpingthefollowingday.Theeffectheldforthem，too.Totesttheeffectsonasocietallevel，theresearchersthenlookedatadatabaseof3millioncharitabledonationsgivenbetween2001and2016.Theyfoundthatimmediatelyfollowingthebeginningofdaylightsavingtime（DST夏令時）—anotorioussleepdisrupter—donationsdropped10percent.Theeffectwasn'tfoundindatafromHawaiiorArizona，however，neitherobserveDST.Whybotherstudyinghowhelpfulpeoplearewhenwedon'tgetenoughshut﹣eye？"We'restartingtoseemorestudies，wheretheeffectsofsleeplossdon'tjuststopattheindividual，butextendtothosearoundus，"saidEtiBenSimon，ascientistwhoco﹣wrotethestudy，inanewsrelease."Ifyou'renotgettingenoughsleep，itdoesn'tjusthurtyourownwell﹣being，ithurtsthatofyourentiresocialcircle，includingstrangers."There'sasilverliningtoallthatungenerousbehavior，theresearcherswrite：Unlikepersonalityquality，sleepcanbemodified—andbothgettingenoughandhelpingothersdothesamemightmakeforabetterworld.（1）Onwhichlevelwerethefirsttwoexperimentsmade？A．Theworldlevel.B．Theindividuallevel.C．Thesocietallevel.D．Thefamilylevel.（2）Whatcanwelearnabouttheexperimentsfromthetext？A．Thesleepqualitydeterminedpeople'sdesiretohelp.B．Ourbrainswouldbecomeinactiveforlackofsleep.C．Thefirsttwoexperiments'resultswerethesame.D．DSTinfluencedthedonationsinallexaminedareas.（3）WhydoresearchersbothertoconductsuchastudyaccordingtoEtiBenSimon？A．Becausetheywanttosolvethesleeplossproblem.B．Becausetheywantmorepeopletodonatemoney.C．Becausesleeplosshasgreaterimpactsthanweassume.D．Becauseitwillpreventpeoplefromhurtingtheirwell﹣being.（4）Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext？A．ScientistsFoundSolidEvidenceforSleepLoss.B．TwoSignificantQualities—EmpathyandGenerosity.C．SoundSleepContributestoaBetterPerson.D．TooLittleSleepMakesPeopleLessGenerous.15．（10分）Thecostoftravelingtoandfromyourdestinationcanbethemostexpensivepartofthetrip．（1）However，youalsodon'twanttoemptyyourbankaccount!Now，wearegoingtosharesomewayswithyoutogetmoreforyourvacationbudget．●Bookaccommodationswithvaluable"freebies"（免費品）．Welovefindingaplacetostaythatoffersfreesbreakfast．Notonlydoesitsavesomecash，butitishugelyconvenient!（2）：Pickahotelthatisconvenienttowhereyouwillbespendingthemosttime．Notonlywillitsaveyouhugeamountsoftime，butitwillsaveyoumoneyonlocaltransportation!●Becreative．（3）．WhenwewenttotheEiffelTower，thelinesfortheelevatorweresuperlong．Wenoticedadifferentlinethatwasshorteraswestoodwaiting．Welearnedthatwecouldtakethestairswithoutwaitinginhardlyanyline，anditwasmuchcheaperthantakingtheelevator!●（4）．Wearealwayslookingforsomethingfreewhenwebuyticketstovisitmuseumsorbookdaytrips．Wheneveryoucancombinedifferentactivitiesintooneprice，andespeciallyifthereisamealinvolved，itcanbeworthit．●Consider"CityPasses"．Youmayhaveseenthemadvertisedallovertourismwebsites．"Citypasses"willgetyouallsortsoffreeadmission，transportationanddiscounts．（5）．A．Don'tgowiththecrowdB．Also，locationisamajorfactorC．YouareluckytohavefreemealsD．CombineactivitieswhenpossibleE．Research"Must﹣See"attractionwebsitesF．Youdon'twanttospendlesstimeonyourtripG．It'saconvenientofferfortouristswhocareabouttheirbudget語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）16．（15分）Everynight，evenlongaftermychildhoodyears，shewouldcometome，pushmylonghairoutofthewayandthenkissmyforeheadtosaygoodnight．Idon't（1）whenitstartedtodislikeherhandspushingmyhairthatway．Finally，onenight，Ishoutedather．"Don'tdothat（2）﹣﹣﹣yourhandsaretoorough（粗糙的）!"Shedidn'tsayanything（3）．Butneveragaindidmymother（4）mewiththatfamiliarexpressionofherlove．Butbecauseofmypride，Ididn'ttellherIwas（5）．Asyearspassed，Imissedmymother'shandsandgoodnightkissesuponmy（6）againandagain．Sometimestheincidentseemedveryclose，sometimesfaraway．Butalways（7）appearedinmymind．Nowmymomisinhermid﹣seventies，stilldoingthinsformeandmyfamilywiththosetwohands．MomnolongerhasDad，andonspecial（8），Ifindmyselfdrawnnextdoorto（9）thenightwithher．ItwaslateonThanksgivingEve．AsIsleptinthebedroomofmyyouth，a（10）handhesitantlybrushedthehairfrommyforehead．Thenakiss，everso（11），touchedmybrow．Inmy（12），forthethousandthtime，IthoughtofthenightIsaidtherudewordstomymom．（13）Mom'shandinmyhand，ItoldherhowsorryIwasforthatnight．Butshehadforgotten﹣﹣﹣andforgiven﹣﹣﹣longago．Thatnight，Ifellasleepwithanewappreciationformygentlemotherandher（14）hands．Andtheguilt（愧疚感）Ihadhadforsolongwas（15）tobefound．（1）A．rememberB．repeatC．retellD．reuse（2）A．a(chǎn)nyhowB．a(chǎn)nymoreC．a(chǎn)nytimeD．a(chǎn)nyway（3）A．inparticularB．inreplyC．intimeD．inaddition（4）A．trackB．pleaseC．treatD．trust（5）A．a(chǎn)ngryB．a(chǎn)nxiousC．sorryD．terrible（6）A．handB．cheekC．hairD．forehead（7）A．sheB．theyC．heD．it（8）A．dutyB．occasionsC．conditionsD．purpose（9）A．chargeB．takeC．costD．spend（10）A．friendlyB．familiarC．similarD．soft（11）A．rudelyB．gentlyC．suddenlyD．gladly（12）A．memoryB．a(chǎn)dulthoodC．youthD．childhood（13）A．TouchingB．CatchingC．FetchingD．Stretching（14）A．worryingB．livingC．tiringD．loving（15）A．somewhereB．a(chǎn)nywhereC．nowhereD．everywhere17．（15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Fillineachblankwithoneproperwordortherightformofthegivenword.SouthAfricanEnglishhasalonghistory，butthereareactuallyeleven（1）（office）languagesinSouthAfrica.TheEnglishlanguageinSouthAfricadatesfromthe（2）（arrive）oftheBritishattheCapeofGoodHopein1795.AswasthecaseinmostBritishcolonies，English（3）（introduce）firstbysoldiersandadministrators，thenbymissionaries，settlers，andfortune﹣seekers.Englishtookrootduringthe19thcentury（4）asouthernAfricanlanguage，asaresultoftheBritishsettlementsof1820（intheEasternCape），1848～51（inNatal），andthesubsequent（隨后的）rushes（5）thediamondminesofKimberleyandthegoldminesoftheWitwatersrand.ModernSouthAfricanEnglishispartofacomplexlinguisticand（6）（culture）mix.TheConstitutionof1994recognises11officiallanguages，（7）（name）English，Afrikaans，andtheninemajorAfricanlanguages，（8）（include）Zulu，Xhosa，Setswana，andSesotho，aswellas（9）（addition）communityand（10）（religion）languagessuchasKhoisan，Telugu，Hindi，Portuguese，Hebrew，andArabic.根據(jù)語境，選擇下框中的單詞替換句中劃線部分的單詞或短語，使之意思一致。（共2小題；每小題7分，滿分15分）18．（7分）根據(jù)語境，選擇下框中的單詞替換句中劃線部分的單詞或短語，使之意思一致，無需變形。extremelyotherthanobviouslymakesenserecognizesignupformakeit（1）Asweknow，cancerisconsideredasadeadlydisease.（2）Shefounditterriblydifficulttogetajob.（3）Ithoughtthelittleboywastooyoungtogettothetopofthemountain，buthesucceededatlast.（4）Thetruthwasknowntonooneexceptherself.（5）Itdoesn'tbereasonabletodiscussaboutitoverandoveragain.（6）YoucangotoyourmonitortoregisterforthecompetitionbeforeApril20th.（7）Clearly，wecandrawtheconclusionthatgoodmannersarisefrompolitenessandrespectforothers.19．（8分）根據(jù)語境，選擇下框中的單詞或短語，必要時用正確的形式填空?？蛑杏袃蓚€多余的單詞或短語。curiouspretendstatuerecommendchallengeeventadmireconfusetakecontrolofmakeanimpression（1）Aliceintroducedherselfconfidentlyonthefirstofschool，whichonme.（2）PisainItalyisafineoldcitywherethebeautifulleaningtowercanbe.（3）Iusuallygohikingforvacation，butIwanttotrysomethingmorethisyear.（4）Theinstructionsonthepackageareclearbut.（5）Theolderteenagerssaythattheythatfreshmenwaituntilthesecondtermbeforetheyjoinateamorclub.（6）WearelookingforwardtoseeingtheTerracottaArmythatisfilledwith.（7）Tom，acleverboywhoisabouteverything，likestoaskquestionsallthetime.（8）Hemaygetayellowcardifafootballertofalldownduringamatch.英漢互譯20．（2分）正出于這個原因，我提前畢業(yè)了。（強調(diào)句）（漢譯英）21．（2分）老師們強烈推薦學(xué)生要報名游泳課程。（使用recommend從句）22．（2分）人們公認環(huán)境污染已經(jīng)成為最嚴重的問題之一。（recognize）（漢譯英）23．（2分）Afterreachingyourdestination，youwillhaveadaytoexploreandbeamazedbythisancientcity.（英譯漢）24．（2分）ThecompetitionhasraisedourinterestinEnglishlearningandprovideuswithagoodchancetoexperiencethemagicpowerofEnglishculture.（英譯漢）寫作（滿分25分）25．（25分）假設(shè)你是李華，下周來自英國倫敦姐妹學(xué)校的師生交流團受邀來你的家鄉(xiāng)游覽，你作為學(xué)生代表致歡迎辭。請為此寫一份發(fā)言稿，內(nèi)容如下：（1）表示歡迎；（2）介紹家鄉(xiāng)；（3）表達祝愿。注意：（1）寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；（2）可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。Dearteachersandfellowstudents，

2023-2024學(xué)年福建省福州市四校教學(xué)聯(lián)盟高一（上）期中英語試卷參考答案與試題解析第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）1．【解答】A2．【解答】C3．【解答】A4．【解答】C5．【解答】C第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）6．【解答】BC7．【解答】BA8．【解答】CBA9．【解答】BABA10．【解答】BACB閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)；每小題6分，滿分40分）11．【分析】這篇短文主要介紹了一些推薦的志愿者機會，包括成為殘疾人的伙伴、成為應(yīng)用程序內(nèi)容創(chuàng)作者、成為志愿地圖編輯員和成為公民電視志愿者。這些機會可以幫助人們發(fā)展新技能、獲得經(jīng)驗并與他人建立聯(lián)系。每個機會都有不同的時間要求和工作內(nèi)容，但都可以為個人提供學(xué)習(xí)和成長的機會?！窘獯稹浚?）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)DisabledPeople'sBuddy部分Becomeabuddytohelpyoungdisabledpeople.Youcandecidehowtospendyourtimetogether，whetherinanartexhibitionoralittleconcert，butremembertotakecareofhimorher.（成為幫助殘疾青年的伙伴。你們可以決定如何共度時光，無論是去看藝術(shù)展還是聽小型音樂會，但要記得照顧他或她。）可知作為殘疾人的朋友，應(yīng)該帶著尊重陪伴他們。故選B。（2）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AppContentCreator部分Ifyouareadmitted，youwillworkatleast4hoursperweekfromhometohelppublicizegreenliving，butyouwilllearnalotaboutmarketingandbrandbuilding.（如果你被錄取，你將每周在家工作至少4個小時，以幫助宣傳綠色生活，但你將學(xué)到很多關(guān)于市場營銷和品牌建設(shè)的知識。）可知從成為應(yīng)用內(nèi)容創(chuàng)造者中獲的益是：獲取市場營銷知識。故選D。（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)VolunteerMapEditor部分Sincethisisanongoingremotecomputer﹣basedactivity，youcanparticipatefromanywhereyouhavereliableInternetaccessifitsuitsyourschedule.（由于這是一項基于遠程計算機的活動，如果適合你的日程安排，你可以在任何有可靠互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入的地方參加。）可知VolunteerMapEditor的工作時間最靈活。故選C?！军c評】1．直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目。2．間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達上與原文有差異，做題時需要對原文信息進行轉(zhuǎn)換。3．綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能斷章取義。12．【分析】這是一篇說明文。本文主要講了英語中詞匯的來歷，以漢堡包為例，說明了了解一些單詞的來歷是一件非常有趣的事情?！窘獯稹浚?）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Aboutahundredyearsago，somemenwenttoAmericafromEurope.TheycamefromabigcityinGermanycalledHamburger.（大約一百年前，一些人從歐洲去了美國。他們來自德國一個叫漢堡的大城市）可知，大約100年前，漢堡是德國一個城市的名字。故選D。（2）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段HecookedsomeroundpiecesofbeeflikethosewhichthemenfromHamburgate.Thenheputeachbetweentwopiecesofbreadandstartedsellingthem.（他煮了一些圓形的牛肉，就像漢堡人吃的那樣。然后，他把每一片牛肉夾在兩片面包中間，開始賣。）可知漢堡主要是用牛肉、面包做成的。故選A。（3）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Knowingwhyanywordhasacertainmeaningisinteresting，too.Thisreason，formostEnglishwords，canbefoundinanylargeEnglishdictionary.（知道為什么任何單詞都有一定的含義也是很有趣的。大多數(shù)英語單詞的來歷都可以在任何一本大的英語詞典中找到）可知，在任何一本大英文字典里都可以查到英語單詞有一定含義的原因。故選C。（4）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段HecookedsomeroundpiecesofbeeflikethosewhichthemenfromHamburgerate.Thenheputeachbetweentwopiecesofbreadandstartedsellingthem.Suchbreadcametobecalled"hamburgers".Today"hamburgers"aresoldinmanycountriesaroundtheworld.（他做了一些圓形的牛肉片，就像來自漢堡的人吃的那樣。然后他把每個牛肉片夾在兩片面包中間，開始賣。這種面包后來被稱為"漢堡包"。如今，"漢堡包"在世界許多國家都有銷售）可知，漢堡包來自于從德國漢堡到美國的那些人吃的食物。故選C?！军c評】閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋。考生首先要仔細閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準確把握作者觀點。13．【分析】這是一篇說明文。本文通過科學(xué)研究得出壓力本身不會給我們帶來問題，我們對壓力的態(tài)度影響了生活?！窘獯稹浚?）C．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段"Onestudyfollowed30，000peopleovereightyearsandmeasuredtheirstresslevels.Thosewhobelievedthatstressisharmfuldiedatahigherratethanthosewhowereunderstressbutdidn'tacknowledgetheso﹣callednegativeeffects.Thelattergroupwashealthier，andmanyofthemlivedlong，happylives.（一項研究對30000人進行了為期八年的跟蹤調(diào)查，并測量了他們的壓力水平。那些認為壓力有害的人的死亡率高于那些處于壓力下，但不承認所謂的有負面影響的人。后一組人更健康，他們中的許多人生活幸福且長壽）"可知，死亡率高的測試組中的人們認為壓力有害，另一組則不認為壓力有不良影響，由測試的研究結(jié)果可見，造成問題的不是壓力，而是我們對壓力的態(tài)度。故選C。（2）D．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段"Whenitsensesdanger，italertsthebrain，andfeelingsoffearorstresscanresult.Thesefeelingsgivepeopleawarningmessagewhentheyneedtopayattentionandwhentheyneedtotakeaction.Forinstance，whenthesightofaspeedingcartriggers（觸發(fā)）theregiontoreleasealightning﹣fastmessage，weknowimmediatelytomoveoutoftheway!（當它感覺到危險時，它會提醒大腦，從而產(chǎn)生恐懼或壓力的感覺。當人們需要注意和采取行動時，這些感覺會給他們一個警告信息。例如，當看到一輛超速行駛的汽車時，該區(qū)域會快速地釋放出信號，我們立即知道要讓開！）"可知，壓力感（feelingsofstress）會給人們發(fā)出信息，從而讓人做出應(yīng)變，及時采取行動。故選D。（3）D．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中"Witheachmajorstressfulevent，suchasafamilytragedyorfinancialcrisis，theriskofdyingincreasedby30percent.Butforthegroupwhospenttimehelpingothers，therewasnoincreaseinstress﹣relateddeaths，evenforthosewhohadfacedtheirownpersonaltragedies.（每發(fā)生一次重大壓力事件，如家庭悲劇或金融危機，死亡風(fēng)險都會增加30%。但對于那些花時間幫助他人的人來說，與壓力相關(guān)的死亡人數(shù)沒有增加，即使是那些曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過個人悲劇的人）"及"Chasingmeaningisbetterforyourhealththantryingtoavoiddiscomfort.（追求生活的意義比避免生活中的不幸對你的健康更好）"可知，追求生活意義的人承受的壓力更小。故選D。（4）A．標題判斷題。本文通過科學(xué)研究得出壓力本身不會給我們帶來問題，我們對壓力的態(tài)度影響了生活，結(jié)合最后一句"Goafterwhatitisthatcreatesmeaninginyourlifeandthentrustyourselftohandlethestressthatfollows.（追求在生活中創(chuàng)造意義的東西，然后相信自己能夠處理隨之而來的壓力）"可知，"StressIsNotYourEnemy（壓力不是你的敵人）"適合作為本文的標題。故選A?！军c評】閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因為閱讀理解題一般沒有標題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料；其次細讀題材，各個擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細細閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時，要有較強的針對性，對于捕獲到的信息，要做認真分析，仔細推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準。14．【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了一項研究表明，當人們睡眠太少時，幫助別人的意愿就會崩潰。文章解釋了研究開展的過程以及睡眠的重要性?！窘獯稹浚?）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Inthefirstexperiment，researchersperformedfunctionalmagneticresonance（磁共振）imagingscansofthebrainandquestioned24adultsafteraneight﹣hour﹣sleepnightandafterasleeplessnight.（在第一個實驗中，研究人員對24名成年人的大腦進行了功能性磁共振成像掃描，并對他們進行了8小時的睡眠和一個不眠之夜的詢問）以及第四段Thesecondexperimenttracked136healthyadultsoverfournightsandaskedthemquestionsabouthelpingthefollowingday.（第二項實驗對136名健康成年人進行了為期4個晚上的跟蹤調(diào)查，并詢問了他們關(guān)于第二天幫助他人的問題）可知，前兩個實驗是在個人層面上進行的。故選B。（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Whentheyrestedwell，theparticipantsscoredwellonahelpingbehaviortest.Butaftersleeploss，78percenthadlessofadesiretohelpothers，evenwhenitcametofriendsandfamily.Thescansshowedthatareasofthebrainsassociatedwithsocialcognition—ourthoughtprocessesrelatedtootherpeople—werelessactivewithsleeploss.（當他們休息得很好時，參與者在幫助行為測試中得分也很高。但睡眠不足后，78%的人不太愿意幫助別人，即使是朋友和家人。掃描結(jié)果顯示，大腦中與社會認知有關(guān)的區(qū)域——我們與他人相關(guān)的思維過程——在睡眠不足的情況下變得不那么活躍）以及第四段Theeffectheldforthem，too.（這種效應(yīng)也適用于他們）可知，前兩個實驗的結(jié)果是一樣的。故選C。（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"We'restartingtoseemorestudies，wheretheeffectsofsleeplossdon'tjuststopattheindividual，butextendtothosearoundus，"saidEtiBenSimon，ascientistwhoco﹣wrotethestudy，inanewsrelease."Ifyou'renotgettingenoughsleep，itdoesn'tjusthurtyourownwell﹣being，ithurtsthatofyourentiresocialcircle，includingstrangers."（"我們開始看到越來越多的研究表明，睡眠不足的影響不僅局限于個人，還會影響到我們周圍的人，"該研究的合著者、科學(xué)家EtiBenSimon在一份新聞稿中說。"如果你睡眠不足，這不僅會損害你自己的健康，還會損害你整個社交圈的健康，包括陌生人。"）可知，根據(jù)EtiBenSimon的說法，研究人員要進行這樣的研究是因為睡眠不足的影響比我們想象的要大。因此C．Becausesleeplosshasgreaterimpactsthanweassume.（因為睡眠不足的影響比我們想象的要大。）符合題意。故選C。（4）標題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段Empathyandgenerosityaretwoqualitiesthatarguablymaketheworldgoround.Butastudysuggeststhatthewillingnesstohelpcrasheswhenpeoplegettoolittlesleep.（同理心和慷慨可以說是使世界運轉(zhuǎn)的兩種品質(zhì)。但一項研究表明，當人們睡眠太少時，幫助別人的意愿就會崩潰）結(jié)合文章主要說明了一項研究表明，當人們睡眠太少時，幫助別人的意愿就會崩潰。文章解釋了研究開展的過程以及睡眠的重要性?？芍?，D選項"睡眠太少會讓人不夠慷慨"最符合文章標題。故選D?！军c評】一、速讀全文，了解大意知主題。閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力，考生必須在十分有限的時間內(nèi)運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語篇實質(zhì)。二、看題干，帶著問題讀文章。首先要掌握問題的類型，客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案；而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調(diào)等，這類題必須經(jīng)過對作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對整篇文章進行深一層的推理等。其次，了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息，然后有針對性地對文章進行掃讀，對有關(guān)信息進行快速定位。此法加強了閱讀的針對性，提高了做題的準確率。三、邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。在實際閱讀中，有時作者并未把意圖說出來，閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。四、猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會"順藤摸瓜"，通過構(gòu)詞，語法，定義，同位，對比，因果，常識，上下文等線索確定詞義。15．【分析】本文是一篇選句填空，文章主要介紹了往返目的地的費用可能是旅途中最昂貴的部分．就此作者分享一些方法來節(jié)約假期預(yù)算．【解答】1．F．文章銜接題．根據(jù)前文Thecostoftravelingtoandfromyourdestinationcanbethemostexpensivepartofthetrip．可知往返目的地的費用可能是旅途中最昂貴的部分．F項：Youdon'twanttospendlesstimeonyourtrip．你不想在旅途上少花點時間．符合文意，故選F．2．B．上下文串聯(lián)．根據(jù)前文Notonlydoesitsavesomecash，butitishugelyconvenient!可知它不僅節(jié)省了一些現(xiàn)金，而且非常方便!根據(jù)后文Pickahotelthatisconvenienttowhereyouwillbespendingthemosttime．可知選擇一個方便的酒店，在那里你將花費最多的時間．B項：Also，locationisamajorfactor．此外，位置也是一個重要因素．符合