高中英語(yǔ)譯林版必修4Unit2Section3

Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Youwillhavetogoearly;otherwise(不然),youmaynotgetaseat.2．Itshouldn'ttaketoolongtogetbacktoouroldroutine(慣例)．3．Suchheavygoodsareexpensivetotransport(運(yùn)輸)byplane.4．Ihadtwoslicesoftoast(烤面包片)atbreakfast.Ⅱ.拓展詞匯5．citizenn．公民；居民→citizenshipn．公民權(quán)利；公民身份6．a(chǎn)ssociationn．協(xié)會(huì)，社團(tuán)；關(guān)聯(lián)；聯(lián)想→associatevt.把……聯(lián)系在一起7．originn．起源，起因；出身→originaladj.起初的8．outdoorsadv.往戶外，在戶外→indoors(反義詞)在室內(nèi)，往室內(nèi)9．frequentadj.頻繁的，經(jīng)常發(fā)生的→frequentlyadv.頻繁地10．techniquen．技術(shù)，工藝，技巧→techniciann．技術(shù)人員[巧記單詞]例詞規(guī)律派生詞citizen＋-ship→citizenshipn.＋-ship→n.frequent＋-ly→frequentlyadj.＋-ly→adv.Ⅲ.補(bǔ)全短語(yǔ)1．getaround 旅行，到處走動(dòng)2．plentyof許多，大量3．a(chǎn)tleast至少4．takeashower淋浴5．protect..._from...保護(hù)……免受……6．bytheway順便說一下7．eupwith想出，提出8．payattentionto注意9．changeone'smind改變主意10．betruefor符合，適用于11．berelatedto與……有關(guān)12．lookoutfor注意，當(dāng)心……13．besimilarto和……相似14．bepopularwith受到……的歡迎15．stareat凝視16．playarolein在……中發(fā)揮作用；在……中扮演角色1．[教材原句]WhatwedoknowisthatitbeganinEnglandinthe1890s.我們真正知道的是它于十九世紀(jì)九十年代開始于英格蘭。[句型點(diǎn)撥]強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。[佳句賞析]Whatwedohavetothinkaboutishumantohumaninteractionintheeraofsocialnetworking.我們真正需要考慮的是在社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代人與人之間的互動(dòng)。2．[教材原句]Manyplayersbelievetabletennisisnotonlyaphysicalgamebutapsychologicalgameaswell.許多運(yùn)動(dòng)員認(rèn)為，乒乓球運(yùn)動(dòng)不僅是一項(xiàng)體能運(yùn)動(dòng)，而且也是一項(xiàng)精神運(yùn)動(dòng)。[句型點(diǎn)撥]并列連詞notonly...but...aswell。[佳句賞析]Weshouldnotonlydeveloptheareasalongthecoast,butthecentralandwesternareasaswell.我們不僅應(yīng)該發(fā)展沿海地區(qū)，也應(yīng)該發(fā)展中西部地區(qū)。3．[教材原句]Ihopethisinformationwillbeofusetoyou.我希望此信息將會(huì)對(duì)你有用。[句型點(diǎn)撥]“beof＋n.”結(jié)構(gòu)。[佳句賞析]Ihopetohavefrequentconversationswithyou,whichwillbeofusetoyou.我希望能常常同你談?wù)劊@會(huì)對(duì)你有用處。1．(教材P27)Whenyouhavefinished,trytoeupwithtwomoreeventsforeachcategory.當(dāng)你完成后，每一種類盡量再提出兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目。eupwith想出，提出(主意、計(jì)劃、回答等)①Hecameupwithsomegoodideasfortheproductpromotion.他想出了一些推廣產(chǎn)品的好主意。②Haveyoue_up_withsomenewideasabouttheuniverserecently?最近你提出了一些宇宙新觀念嗎？[名師點(diǎn)津]eupwith“提出，想出”，其主語(yǔ)是sb.；eup“被提出”，其主語(yǔ)是sth.,如問題、觀點(diǎn)、建議等。③Somenewissuescameupattheconference.在會(huì)上一些新問題被提出來。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]請(qǐng)完成下列與e有關(guān)的常用短語(yǔ)。①eabout發(fā)生②eacross(偶然)遇見/發(fā)現(xiàn)③etrue成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，實(shí)現(xiàn)④eout出來；長(zhǎng)出；出版；結(jié)果是⑤eto共計(jì)；達(dá)成；蘇醒2．(教材P31)Otherwise,youmayhurtyourself.否則，你可能會(huì)傷著你自己。otherwiseadv.&conj.否則，不然；除此之外，在其他方面①Turnoffthegaswhenthemilkboils.Otherwiseitwillbespilt.牛奶煮沸后就關(guān)掉煤氣，不然牛奶會(huì)溢出來的。②Seizethechance,otherwiseyou'llregret.抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)吧，否則你會(huì)后悔的。[名師點(diǎn)津](1)otherwise用作連詞時(shí)可與or互換。(2)otherwise用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中。這種虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子稱為含蓄條件句。③Heisill,otherwisehewouldstillbeworkinginsteadoflyinghere.他生病了，否則他會(huì)仍然在工作而不是躺在這兒。④Weweredelayedattheairport.Otherwisewewould_have_been_herebylunchtime.我們?cè)跈C(jī)場(chǎng)耽擱了，否則午飯前就可以到這里了。3．(教材P35)ReadtheseleafletsfromtheSportsAssociation,andparethemwithhis/herdailyroutine.閱讀這些來自運(yùn)動(dòng)協(xié)會(huì)的傳單，把它們與他/她的日常生活作一下比較。associationn．協(xié)會(huì)，社團(tuán)；關(guān)聯(lián)；聯(lián)想(1)inassociationwith與……有關(guān)聯(lián)，與……聯(lián)合associationwith...和……的關(guān)聯(lián)/交往；……的聯(lián)想(2)associatevt.聯(lián)想，聯(lián)系n.同事associate...with...把……和……聯(lián)系起來(3)associatedadj.有關(guān)聯(lián)的，相關(guān)的beassociatedwith...和……有聯(lián)系①Weareworkinginassociationwithanumberoflocalpaniestoraisemoneyforthehomeless.我們與本地一些公司聯(lián)合為無家可歸的人籌款。②Sheassociatedhappinesswithhavingmoney.她把幸福和有錢聯(lián)想到一起。③Inchildren'sminds,summersare_associated_withpicnics.在孩子們看來，夏天總是和野餐連在一起的。routinen．&.adj.常規(guī)(的)；例行公事(的)④Wemustintroducesomesystemsintoourofficeroutine.我們必須在我們的日常公務(wù)中建立一些制度。(1)dailyroutine日常生活；例行公事asamatterofroutine定期breaktheroutine打破常規(guī)(2)routinetasks日常工作aroutinetest/check/examination常規(guī)檢測(cè)/檢查/體檢⑤Wemustcleanandrepairmachinesas_a_matter_of_routine.我們必須定期清洗和修理機(jī)器。⑥Thisisjustaroutinemedicalexamination,nothingtoworryabout.這只是個(gè)常規(guī)體檢，沒什么可擔(dān)心的。4．(教材P36)Theexactoriginoftabletennisisnotknown.乒乓球運(yùn)動(dòng)的確切起源還不清楚。originn．(又作origins)起源，起因；出身(1)haveone'sorigin(s)in起源于byorigin依據(jù)血緣；從血緣來看inorigin本質(zhì)上；從起源上看(2)originaladj.原來的，起初的①Thisbookisabouttheoriginsoflifeonearth.該書是關(guān)于地球上生命的起源的。②Manyoftheenvironmentalproblemshadtheiroriginsinfierceeconomicpetition.許多環(huán)境問題起源于激烈的經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。③ManyAmericansareAfricanby_origin.許多美國(guó)人是非洲血統(tǒng)。④SomeJapanesewordsareChinesein_origin.有些日本文字起源于中文。5．Manyplayersbelievetabletennisisnotonlyaphysicalgamebutapsychologicalgameaswell.許多運(yùn)動(dòng)員認(rèn)為，乒乓球運(yùn)動(dòng)不僅是一項(xiàng)體能運(yùn)動(dòng)，而且也是一項(xiàng)精神運(yùn)動(dòng)。notonly...but(also)...表示“不但……而且……”，這是一個(gè)連詞詞組，用來連接兩個(gè)并列的成分，如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)等。此句型中，butalso可用but...aswell代替。(1)notonly...butalso連接兩個(gè)相同的句子成分。(2)butalso可連用，也可分開；also還可以省略。(3)連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與就近的一個(gè)保持一致。(4)notonly后接句子放在句首時(shí)，它所在的分句要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，但是butalso所在的分句不倒裝。①JackieChanisnotonlyanactorbutalsoadirector.成龍不僅是演員，而且還是導(dǎo)演。②Suchachangewouldimprovenotonlyhissocialimagebuthishealthaswell.這樣的變化不僅會(huì)提高他的社會(huì)形象，而且會(huì)改善他的健康。③Notonlyyoubutalsoshehas_to_attendtheceremony.不僅你而且她也得參加典禮。④Notonlyhas_the_poor_man_been_fined,_butalsohehasbeensenttoprison.這個(gè)可憐的人不僅被罰款，而且他還被送進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄。6．Ihopethisinformationwillbeofusetoyou.我希望這個(gè)信息將會(huì)對(duì)你有用。(1)本句中的beofuse屬于“beof＋n.”結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于“be＋形容詞”，類似的名詞有value,help,use,importance,interest,benefit等，名詞前面可用no,some,any,little,much,great等修飾。①Theorywithoutpracticeisoflittlehelp.沒有實(shí)踐的理論是沒有什么幫助的。(2)beof＋size/age/shape/length/depth/color/weight/width/height/quality...也可以表示事物的性質(zhì)和特征，名詞前一般加不定冠詞或thesame。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞沒有相應(yīng)的形容詞形式。②Theyareofthesamesizebutofadifferentcolor.它們型號(hào)一樣但顏色不同。③Friends_of_my_agehavegonetothecitytotrytheirfortune.和我同齡的朋友們都去城市碰運(yùn)氣了。Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空1．Shealways________thesmelloffreshbreadwithheraunt,wholovedbaking.A．a(chǎn)ssociatedB．connectedC．a(chǎn)ttributedD．contributed解析：選A句意：她總是把新鮮面包的味道與她嬸嬸聯(lián)系起來，她嬸嬸很喜歡烤面包。associate意為“(在思想上)把……聯(lián)系在一起”，后常與with連用；connect意為“連接；聯(lián)系”，指聯(lián)系有形的物體；attribute意為“把……歸因于；把(過錯(cuò)等)歸于”，后接介詞to;contribute意為“捐款，捐助”。2．Everyoneistryingto________abetterideatopersuadehimtostay.A．putoutB．eacrossC．eupwithD．putupwith解析：選C考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：每個(gè)人都在努力想出一個(gè)更好的主意勸他留下。putout“撲滅”；eacross“偶遇”；eupwith“提出，想出”；putupwith“忍受”。3．Shelikesdoingthingsaccordingly,anddoesn'tlikeherwork________beinginterrupted.A．drillB．loadC．regulationD．routine解析：選D句意：她喜歡按部就班地做事情，不喜歡日常工作被打斷。drill“操練”；load“負(fù)荷”；regulation“規(guī)則”；routine“常規(guī)，例行公事，日常事務(wù)”。4．Mr.ClarkworkinginourpanyisfromtheUnitedStates.ButheisaCanadianby________.A．originB．natureC．sourceD．history解析：選A句意：在我們公司工作的克拉克先生是從美國(guó)來的。但論出身，他是加拿大人。byorigin“論出身”；bynature“天生的”。5．—DidyougettimelyhelpfromJane?—No.Shewasbusy.Otherwise,we________whatwewantedfromherintime.A．hadgotB．couldhavegotC．musthavegotD．wouldget解析：選Botherwise“否則，要不然”，用在含蓄條件句中，此處是與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，所以用couldhavegot。6．—WhydidyoubuyheraTeddyBearasherbirthdaypresent?—Becauseshe________likeit.A．doesB．didC．doesn'tD．didn't解析：選A考查對(duì)謂語(yǔ)的強(qiáng)調(diào)。句意：“為什么你送給她Teddy熊作生日禮物呢？”“因?yàn)樗娴南矚g。”她喜歡是一貫行為，故用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。7．________readnewspapersforpleasure,butalsotoimprovetheirminds.A．NotonlyoldmenB．NotonlyoldmendoC．NotonlydooldmenD．Oldmennotonlydo解析：選C考查倒裝語(yǔ)序。notonly位于句首(不是修飾主語(yǔ))，它所在的句子用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序，所以C項(xiàng)正確。8．Childrenneedfriends________theirownagetoplaywith.A．ofB．forC．inD．a(chǎn)t解析：選A考查介詞搭配。of與age構(gòu)成固定搭配。friendsoftheirownage意思是“他們的同齡朋友們”。Ⅱ.語(yǔ)境翻譯當(dāng)我們運(yùn)輸(transport)東西的時(shí)候，我們總是選擇卡車。但是現(xiàn)在人們外出(outdoors)時(shí)喜歡選擇原始的(original)交通方式，像自行車。它確實(shí)不僅(notonly)對(duì)我們的健康而且(butalso)對(duì)環(huán)境有好處。當(dāng)有些人提出(eupwith)類似這樣的低碳生活的時(shí)候，很多人創(chuàng)建了協(xié)會(huì)(association)來支持這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。Whenwetransportthings,wealwayschoosetrucks.Butnowadayspeopleliketochooseoriginaltransportationlikebikeswhentheygooutdoors.Itdoesdogoodfornotonlyourhealthbutourenvironment.Whensomeonecameupwithlow-carbonlifelikethis,manypeoplecreatedassociationstoapproveofthisidea.[對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生課下能力提升(六)]Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空1.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe________agoal.A．hadscoredB．scoredC．wouldscoreD．wouldhavescored解析：選D考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣及動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他在踢球前猶豫了一下，要不然的話他就進(jìn)球得分了。這是otherwise引起的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，由hesitated可以看出這是發(fā)生在過去的事情，在主句中對(duì)于過去的虛擬，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用wouldhavedone，故選D項(xiàng)。2．Iwillappreciateitifyou________agoodwaytopromoteournewproducts.A．eupwithB．putupwithC．catchupwithD．keepupwith解析：選A考查短語(yǔ)辨析。eupwith“想出，提出”；putupwith“忍受”；catchupwith“趕上”；keepupwith“跟上，不落后”。理解句意可知，題干表示“你要是想出一個(gè)宣傳我們產(chǎn)品的好辦法，我會(huì)很感激的”，因此A項(xiàng)符合句意。3．—Shelocksthedoorandplacesatableagainstitbeforeshegoestobedeverynight.—Butis________necessarytobesocautious?A．sheB．thatC．itD．this解析：選C本題考查it用法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和理解句意“但是有必要如此小心嗎”可知，tobesocautious是真正的主語(yǔ)，前面應(yīng)該用it作形式主語(yǔ)，故選C項(xiàng)。4．Wealwayskeep________sparepaper,incasewerunout.A．toomuchB．a(chǎn)numberofC．plentyofD．a(chǎn)goodmany解析：選Cpaper為不可數(shù)名詞，排除B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)，句意應(yīng)為“充足的紙”而不是“太多的紙”，所以用plentyof。5．ChristmasDayisusuallycelebratedonDecember25th________thebirthofJesusChrist.A．inpraiseofB．inhonourofC．intermsofD．inassociationwith解析：選B考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：人們通常把十二月二十五日定為圣誕日以紀(jì)念耶穌基督的誕辰；inpraiseof“稱贊”；inhonourof“紀(jì)念”；intermsof“在……方面”；inassociationwith“與……在一起，與……聯(lián)合”。6．They've________theoldtrainstationintoasciencemuseum.A．transportedB．transmittedC．transplantedD．transformed解析：選D考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們已經(jīng)把那個(gè)舊火車站改造成了一座科學(xué)博物館。transport“運(yùn)輸”；transmit“傳播，傳送，(疾病的)傳染”；transplant“移植，移栽”；transform“改造，改觀”。根據(jù)句意選D項(xiàng)。7．WhenhearrivedinAmerica,hewassurprisedtoknowthatthemayorofthecitywasChineseby________.A．causeB．reasonC．traditionD．origin解析：選D考查名詞詞義辨析。cause“起因，理由”；reason“原因，理由”；tradition“傳統(tǒng)”；origin“起源，由來”，符合題意。句意：當(dāng)他到達(dá)美國(guó)時(shí)，他驚訝地得知這個(gè)城市的市長(zhǎng)竟然是華人。8．Theexperiencesare________toyourchildren,sojustletthemtakepartintheseoutdooractivities.A．muchsignificanceB．ofmuchsignificanceC．ofverysignificantD．muchsignificant解析：選B本題考查“of＋抽象名詞”的用法。beofmuchsignificance表示“很有意義的”。9．________onlydoIknowher,butIamherbestfriendwhocanshareherjoyandsorrow.A．IfB．EvenC．NotD．Too解析：選C考查常用短語(yǔ)的用法。notonly...but(also)．..“不但……而且”為并列連詞，連接兩個(gè)并列分句。notonly位于句首時(shí)，它所引導(dǎo)的分句用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。10．—Jack,youseeminhighspirits.—________Wewonthematch4-0.A．Guesswhat?B．Sowhat?C．Nowonder.D．Nodoubt.解析：選A考查交際用語(yǔ)。根據(jù)第一句可判斷，第二句表示“猜猜發(fā)生什么事情了？我們以4比0贏了比賽”。故選A項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)表示“那又怎么樣”；C項(xiàng)表示“難怪，怪不得”；D項(xiàng)表示“無疑，很可能”。均不符合語(yǔ)境。Ⅱ.閱讀理解ARecently,agroupofscientistsandpsychologistsdecidedtofindoutwhatthefunniestjokeintheworldwas.Thiswasobviouslyadifficulttask,asnotwopeopleeverreallyagreeaboutwhatisfunnyandwhatisnot—especiallywhenthey'refromdifferentcountries.Hereisthejoketheychoseasthefunniestjokeintheworld.Twohuntersareinthewoods.Oneofthemfallstotheground.Hedoesn'tseemtobebreathing.Theotherhuntertakesouthismobilephoneandcallsemergencyservices.“Myfriendisdead!WhatcanIdo？”Theoperatorsays,“Don'tworry.First,makesurehe'sdead.”Hereisasilence.Thenashotisheard.Bang!Thehunter'svoiceesbackontheline：“OK,nowwhat？”Thisisperhapsslightlyamusing.Culturally,itdependsonusknowingthatoftenhuntersarenotconsideredtobeveryintelligentpeople,andthatoftentheyarequiteviolent.Butperhapsthisisnotsoallovertheworld.It'squitea“black”joke.Theexpertsalsofoundthesecondfunniestjoke:SherlockHolmesandDrWatsongoonacampingtrip.Afterdinner,theygotosleep.Somehourslater,Holmeswakesup.“Watson,whatdoyousee？”“Millionsofstars，”repliesWatson.“Andwhatdoyouinferfromthat？”“Well,therearebillionsofplanets...Weareasmallpartoftheuniverse...Wewillhaveabeautifuldaytomorrow...”“Watson,youidiot(笨蛋)!Someonehasstolenourtent！”Ipersonallythinkthisisbetter.Understandingthisjoke,however,dependsonusknowingwhoSherlockHolmesandDrWatsonare.Italsohasanunexpectedending—somethingthatisveryimportantandnecessaryformostjokes.Surprisecanbefunny.What'sfunnyontheEarth?Scientistsareexcellentatstudyingplicated(復(fù)雜的)things.Somethingsaremuchtooplicated,evenforthemostintelligentthough.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀：什么笑話最好笑呢？本文作者舉了兩個(gè)例子來說明理解笑話的因素。)1．Itisdifficulttofindthefunniestjokeintheworldbecause________.A．therearetoomanyjokestochoosefromB．thoseexpertscannotagreewitheachotherC．peopleacrosstheworldcreatenewjokeseverydayD．people'sstandardsofwhatisfunnyarenotthesame解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，要想找到世界上最好笑的笑話很難，這是因?yàn)槿藗儗?duì)此的評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不一樣。2．Intheauthor'sopinion,thefirstjoke________.A．isreallyfunnyandamusingB．isnotasfunnyasthoseexpertsthoughtC．showspeople'swrongunderstandingofhuntersD．tellsreadersnevertolookdownonbravehunters解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知，作者認(rèn)為這個(gè)笑話只是略微好笑，而第二段中提到專家們將這個(gè)笑話選為世界上最好笑的笑話。由此可推知，作者認(rèn)為這個(gè)笑話沒有專家們認(rèn)為的那么好笑。3．Whichofthefollowinginfluencestheunderstandingofajokemost?A．Thereader'smood.B．Thereader'sculturalbackground.C．Thecharacters'styleoflanguage.D．Thenumberoffunnypointsinthejoke.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句和倒數(shù)第二段第二句可知，讀者的文化背景是理解笑話的最重要的因素。4．Inmostcases,thepletelynecessarypointofajokeis________.A．a(chǎn)resultbeyondexpectationB．thementionofgreatpeopleC．extremelyfunnybehaviorD．theuseofspecialphrases解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第三句可知，出乎意料的結(jié)尾對(duì)大多數(shù)笑話來說是必不可少的。BAngerisnotwrong.Iknowthisstatementseemsshockingandchallengesthewildlypopular“PositiveThinking”movement,whichencouragesusto“befullofpositiveenergy”and“l(fā)etgoofouranger”．However,thetruthisthatangerisjustanemotion,andemotionsareneitherrightnorwrong.Wedonotconsciouslychoosethem.Wedo,ontheotherhand,choosehowweexpressouremotionsandtherearedefinitelyrightandwrongmeansofexpression.Thereasonwe'reoftenurgedto“keep_a_lid_on”ourangeristhatfewpeopleeverlearnproperandpositivewaystoexpressanger.Instead,wearetaughtthat“angeriswrong”and“youshouldkeepyourangerinside”．Butthesemessagesdon'tchangethefactthat,formostofus,angerexists.Manypopular“PositiveThinking”programmesassumethatsuccessesfrom“controllingouremotions”andthatthiscanbedonebysimplyrepeatingpositivestatements.Interestingly,thesepositiveslogansoftenincludealotofnegativity.“Onlylosersplain！Iamawinner！”isonepopularsaying.Thebeliefthatthosewhodisagreewithusarelosersisactuallyquitenegativeandisoftenusedasanexcuseforrudelanguageandpersonalattacks.Whenitestodealingwithnegativesituationsinourdailylives,theabilitytoreasonablyexpressangerordisagreementisanimportantskill.Butwemustusebalancedandnon-violentmethodstoexpressourdissatisfaction.Frustrationatunfairpoliciesortreatmentcancertainlycauseanger,butourangercanneverbeanexcuseforabusingfamilymembers,damagingschools,attackingdoctorsormostseriously,engaginginterrorism.Insteadofpretendingthatangerdoesn'texist,weshouldstartteachingappropriatemeansofdealingwithanger.Whenweexperienceangryfeelingsinourselvesorothers,whatweshould“l(fā)etgoof”