被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)詳解

WhenHowWhatThepassivevoice被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)定義:表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者.當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的形式是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。WhenHowWhatThepassivevoice被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Whendoweusethepassivevoice?Manyhouseswillbebuilthere.1.不知道或沒(méi)必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。TheplanwassupportedbythosewhowishedtohavemorechancestospeakEnglish.2.出于禮貌,不愿意說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。WhenHowWhatThepassivevoice被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Wekeepfoodinthefridge.SV.O.FoodHowtochangeintothepassivevoicesentenceiskept(byus)inthefridge.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法：1.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)提到前面作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ);2.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞變成“be+過(guò)去分詞”;3.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語(yǔ),可省略。They

make

shoesinthatfactory.

Shoesaremadebythem.TheyplayfootballonSunday.

Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：S+am/is/are+done一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)They

make

TVsetsinthatfactory.

TVsetsaremadebytheminthatfactory.Theman_______(call)“Goodhusband”.iscalledPleasefillintheblanksaccordingtothewordsinthebracket.Football

bypeopleallovertheworld.isplayedThey

bought

tencomputerslastterm．

一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：S+was/were+done一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Tencomputerswereboughtbythemlastterm.1.Bellinventedthetelephonein1876.2.Tomclosedtheshopjustnow.Theshop

byTomjustnow.Thetelephone

byBellin1876.FinishthesentenceswasinventedwasclosedThey

willfinish

theworkintendays.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：S+will/shall+be+done一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Theworkwillbefinishedbythemintendays.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):S+begoingto+be+doneWe

aregoingtolearn

thewords.Thewordsaregoingtobelearnedbyus.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

atalk,willgive,soonAtalkwillbegivensoon.Theflowers

aregoingtobewateredtomorrow.根據(jù)圖片和提示詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)寫句子。

theflowers,aregoingtowater,tomorrow.We

havefinished

fiveEnglishbooksuptonow．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：S+have/has+been+過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)FiveEnglishbookshavebeenfinishedbyusuptonow．Hamburgershavebeeneatenup.

eatup,they,hamburgers,根據(jù)圖片和提示詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)寫句子。Myheart_____already_______(steal)byyou.hasbeenstolenSomeworkers

arepainting

theroomsnow．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：S+am/is/are+being+done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.Thepetdog_______________(treat)byavet.isbeingtreated過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：S+was/were+being+done過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)I

wasdoing

myhomeworkat8:00lastnight．Myhomework

wasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.Gina

cantakegoodcareof

Tina．帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：S+can/may/must/should+be+done帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)TinacanbetakengoodcareofbyGina.Songscanbesungbythebirds.cancarry,thebasket,he.Thebasketcanbecarriedbyhim.songs,cansing,birdsmakesentences.be+doneam/is/are一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)was/were一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were+being過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+being現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be+donehave/has+been現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)had+been過(guò)去完成時(shí)would+be過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)will+bebegoingtobe一般將來(lái)時(shí)can/must/should+be情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表格：被動(dòng)態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)am/is/aredonewas/weredoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdoneshall/willbedone

begoingtobedonewouldbedonehave/hasbeendonehadbeendone被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的特殊情況1.不及物動(dòng)詞帶介詞和介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，仍然要帶上介詞。(動(dòng)詞后的介詞不可?。㏕hestudentslistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.被動(dòng)句：Theteacherislistenedtocarefullybythestudentsinclass.2.當(dāng)動(dòng)詞帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(有賓補(bǔ)),并且賓補(bǔ)是省去“to”的動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中應(yīng)加上“to”。（即：主動(dòng)省to，被動(dòng)加上to。）Theymakeusdoallthework.被動(dòng)句：Wearemadetodoalltheworkbythem.Weoftenhearhersingsongs.被動(dòng)句：Sheisoftenheardtosingsongsbyus.（常見(jiàn)詞有：make,see,hear,feel,watch,notice等。)注意：3.一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞

to，如：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。(1)Thebookwasshowedtotheclass.(2)Mybikewaslenttoher.

2.一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞

for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。(1)Anewskirtwasmadeforme.(2)Themeatwascookedforus.(3)Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.

4.當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)是nobody,noone等含有否定意義的不定代詞時(shí)，被動(dòng)句中將其變?yōu)閍nybody,作by的賓語(yǔ)，并將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：

Nobodycananswerthisquestion.誤：Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody.正：Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.

×5.當(dāng)否定句中的賓語(yǔ)是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代詞時(shí)，在被動(dòng)句中應(yīng)將其分別變?yōu)閚othing,nobody,noone作主語(yǔ)，并將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：

Theyhaven'tdoneanythingtomaketheriverclean.誤：Anythinghasn'tbeendonetomaketheriverclean.正：Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean.6.有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well,badly,easily等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常見(jiàn)的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：

(1)Theclothwasheseasily.這布很好洗。(2)Thenewproductsellswell.這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。

對(duì)比：Thebookssellwell.(主動(dòng)句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被動(dòng)句)Themeatdidn’tcookwell.(主動(dòng)句)Themeatwascookedforalongtime.(被動(dòng)句)6.下列情況主動(dòng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句：

第一，感官系動(dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。

(1)—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.誤：Itisfeltverysoft.(2)Thefoodtastesdelicious.誤：Thefoodistasteddelicious.(3)Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.誤：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.第二，謂語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.誤：Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.Shehadherhandburned.誤：Herhandwashadburned.7.在漢語(yǔ)中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示，例如：

據(jù)說(shuō)……

Itissaidthat…

據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)……

Itisreportedthat…

據(jù)推測(cè)……

Itissupposedthat…

希望……

Itishopedthat…

眾所周知……

Itiswellknownthat…

普遍認(rèn)為……

Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…

有人建議……

Itissuggestedthat…1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.Fillintheblankswiththerightformofthewordsgiven.I__________(give)anewbookbymyfatheronmybirthday.English_________(find)veryuseful.3.Thework______________(finish)tomorrow.4.Theflowers________________(water)bythemnow.wasgivenisfoundwillbefinishedarebeingwatered5.Therailway______________(build)thistimelastyear.6.Thenewlab____already_________(build)7.Thenewrailway____________(build)bytheendoflastyear.8.Hetoldmethesportsmeeting_____________(hold)thenextmonth.9.Rice________(grow)inthesouthoftheStates.wasbeingbuilthasbeenbuilthadbeenbuiltwouldbeheldisgrown10.Thesong

often

(sing)bytheyoungman.11.Thewindow

(break)byalittleboyyesterday.12.It’saruleinourschoolthattheclassroomshould