【寒假自學課】六年級英語寒假講義-第1講-時態(tài)專題講義 （教案+學案） 譯林版（三起） 學案

課程主題：寒假時態(tài)綜合復習學習目標:熟練掌握四種時態(tài)熟練掌握語法：一般過去時熟練掌握語法：一般將來時熟練掌握語法：一般現(xiàn)在時熟練掌握語法：現(xiàn)在進行時教學內(nèi)容【進門測試】建議5min一、用詞的正確形式填空。1.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.2.______they________(like)theWorldCup?3.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?4._______yourparent_______(read)newspaperseveryday?5.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishatthemoment.6.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryeveningaftersupper.7.Thechildren_________(make)aposternow.8.WehadafoodfestivallastSaturday.WangBing______(make)dumplingswithourteachers.9.--Didhe______(eat)manyice-creamslastSunday?--Yes,he______(do).10.--Where_________(be)youjustnow?--I_________(be)atschool.11.Myparent_________(have)abigappletree.【多元導學】建議5minLookatthesetwopictures,canyoutellusthedifferencesbetweenthem?Canyoushareyourpictureswithus?【互動精講】建議70min一．動詞的分類情態(tài)動詞1只作情態(tài)動詞使用can/could/must/may/might/oughtto2可作情態(tài)動詞，也可作實義動詞need/dare3可作情態(tài)動詞，也可作助動詞shall/should/will/would4勉強可作情態(tài)動詞haveto/hadbetter/usedto/wouldrather助動詞1be形式變化：am/is/are/was/were/been同時是實義和系動詞2do形式變化：does/did同時是實義動詞3have形式變化：has/had/having同時是實義動詞4shall形式變化：should同時是情態(tài)動詞5will形式變化：would同時是情態(tài)動詞系動詞1狀態(tài)系動詞be特別說明：這里列舉的所有系動詞本身都是實義動詞。但它們表示的意思不同。請注意結(jié)合句意去理解判斷。2表像系動詞appear/seem3感官系動詞feel/smell/sound/taste/look4持續(xù)系動詞keep/rest/remain/continue/last/lie/stand/stay5變化系動詞become/grow/turn/go/get/fall/come行為動詞1不及物動詞本身意義完整后面不須跟賓語的實義動詞。vi后面若要跟賓語，必須加上介詞。有不少的動詞既是及物動詞又是不及物動詞。區(qū)別在于它所表示的含義有所不同。及物動詞后面必須跟賓語意義才完整的實義動詞。vt后面可以直接跟賓語。2使役動詞表示“使、令、讓、叫…”等意義的動詞.如:make,have,let,get,keep….B.表示“使人……，令人……”的心理狀態(tài)的動詞。如：interest;excite;astonish;move;amuse;surprise……(+sb.)二.一般現(xiàn)在時【知識梳理1】含有be動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時含有be動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時一般“表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)”。如：Theskyisblue.Sheisverytall.(1)be動詞的選擇be動詞的選擇通常根據(jù)句子的主語來，一般遵循“我是am,你是are,is跟著她他它，復數(shù)一律都用are”的原則；當然，therebe句型，be動詞的確定遵循“就近原則”。(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換否定句：主語+be+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.一般疑問句：Be+主語+其它？如：--Areyouastudent?--Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句？如：Whereismybike?【例題精講】選用合適的be動詞：1.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.2.I_______(be)ill.I’mstayinginbed.3.--Whatday_______(be)ittoday?--It’sSaturday.【鞏固練習】There_________anybikesneartheroom.A.are B.isn't C.aren't【知識梳理2】含有實義動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時含有實義動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時“表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作”。(1)行為動詞的變化非第三人稱單數(shù)主語+動詞原形(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.第三人稱單數(shù)主語+動詞三單(+其它)。如：HestudiesEnglish.(2)動詞三單的變化規(guī)則1.一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks2.以s.x.sh.ch.o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es，如：study-studies;fly-flies4.以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾，直接加s，如：stay-stays;enjoy-enjoys;buy-buys;play-plays5.不規(guī)則動詞變化have—has【例題精講】寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)：drink________go_______stay________make________look_________have_______pass_______carry____come________watch______plant_______fly________study_______brush________teach_______【鞏固練習】用動詞的適當形式填空：1.Theoldladyoften_________(stay)athometowatchTV.2.LiuXiangsometimes________(study)Englishinhisfreetime.3.Nowhe_________(have)anicehouseinhishometown.【知識梳理3】特殊三單最常見的第三人稱為he,she,it,可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，人名和不可數(shù)名詞。特殊：1.可以做主語的特殊疑問詞who,what和which也相當于第三人稱單數(shù)；2.不定代詞everybody/everyone強調(diào)每一個人，視為單數(shù)；3.pair做主語時，后動詞形式由pair的單復數(shù)來決定。【例題精講】例1.Themilk______(taste)good.Everyone________(like)drinkingit.例2.Who_________(have)afootball?例3.--Thepairofshoes________(look)beautiful.Iwanttohaveatry.--ButIthinktheredshoes______(look)morebeautiful.【鞏固練習】用所給詞的適當形式填空：1.Jack’slittlesister________(study)piano.2.Alotofcoffee_______(be)badforourhealth.3.Thefactories_______(let)outalotofpollutedair.Theair_______(be)harmfultoourhealth.4.Everybodyshould________(do)somethingtoprotectourearth.5.Who_______(can)makeaposter?【知識梳理4】句型轉(zhuǎn)換否定句：非三單主語+don't+動詞原形(+其它)。如：Idon'tlikebread.三單主語+doesn't+動詞原形(+其它)。如：Hedoesn'toftenplay.一般疑問句：Do+非三單主語+動詞原形+其它？如：--Doyouoftenplayfootball?--Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.Does+三單主語+動詞原形+其它？如：--Doesshegotoworkbybike?--Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句？如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?【例題精講】用所給詞的適當形式填空：1.--What_________heusuallydoonSundays?--He_________football.(play)2.Mike_________(like)collectingcoins,butNancy__________(notlike)collectingcoins.3.--_________(be)yourmotherathomenow?--No,she___________.4.--_______yourbrothergoshoppingeveryweek?--No,he__________(do)hishomeworkathome.5._________Ben___________(watch)atweekends?現(xiàn)在進行時【知識梳理1】現(xiàn)在進行時的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法I.現(xiàn)在進行時用來表示現(xiàn)在正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。時間狀語為：now,Look!Listen!thesedays,時刻(it’stwoo’clock)結(jié)構(gòu)為：be動詞+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞II.★動詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1.一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting3.如果末尾是一個元音字母和一個輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running,stop-stopping注：小學范圍內(nèi)這類動詞主要有：put---putting;sit---sitting;swim—swimming;run---running;stop---stopping;get---getting;begin—beginning;jogging【例題精講】例1.寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play________run__________swim_________make__________go_________like________write________ski___________read________have_________sing________dance_________put_________see________live_______take_________come________get_________stop_________sit________begin________shop___________【鞏固練習】用所給詞的適當形式填空：1.Bequiet,thebabies__________(sleep)inthebedroom.2.It’snineo’clock.Tom_________(have)anEnglishlesson.3.Becareful!Don’t_______(let)themousego!4.Look!Mygrandparent__________(stop)underthetree.【知識梳理2】be動詞的選擇I.一般：現(xiàn)在進行時的結(jié)構(gòu)中，be動詞的形式需要根據(jù)句子的主語進行變化，依舊按照熟知的口訣：我用am,你用are,is用在他她它，復數(shù)全用are；II.特殊：①帶有with的句子with是“帶著”的意思，不能被with后的單詞的復數(shù)混淆：如：Themanwithbigeyesisreading.②特殊疑問詞做主語特殊疑問詞做主語，視為單數(shù)，be動詞應該選用is：如：Look,what’srunninginfrontoftheroom?【例題精講】單項選擇：()1.Look,agirl_____overtherenow.A.singing

B.aresinging

C.issinging

D.sing()2.Don’ttalkhere.Grandparents_____.A.issleeping

B.aresleeping

C.sleeping

D.sleep()3.Mr.Smith_________shortstories,andhiswife_________aTVplaynow.A.iswriting,iswritingB.iswriting,writesC.writes,iswritingD.writes,writes()4.It’seighto’clock.Thestudents_____anEnglishclass.

A.have

B.having

C.ishavingD.arehaving()5.Listen!Thebaby_____inthenextroom.

A.crying

B.cried

C.iscrying

D.cries【鞏固練習】用所給詞的適當形式填空：1.Who_____overtherenow?

(sing)2.Look!Thetwinwithglasses_____newsweaters.

(wear)【知識梳理3】句式轉(zhuǎn)換否定句：主語+be+not+動詞ing+其它。如：Heisnotrunningnow.一般疑問句：Be+主語+動詞ing+其它？如：Areyoulisteningtomusicnow?特殊疑問句：疑問詞+be+主語+動詞ing?如：Whatareyoudoingattwo?但疑問詞當主語時其結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞+be+動詞ing?如：Look!Whoissingingunderthetree?【例題精講】句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1.Thestudentsarecleaningtherubbishonthebeach.(改一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Mike’sfatheriscallinghisfriendsintheoffice.(對劃線部分進行提問)_________________________________________________________________3.Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.(對劃線部分進行提問)_____________________________________________________________【知識梳理4】不能用現(xiàn)在進行時的動詞在英語中，有些詞即使句子中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了明顯的現(xiàn)在進行時的時間狀語，但依舊不用現(xiàn)在進行時，小學范圍內(nèi)，這類詞集中在表示心理動作的動詞上，如：want,miss（想念）,love,like，have（擁有）。【例題精講】I______(want)togohomenow.【鞏固練習】翻譯句子：我現(xiàn)在非常想念我的父母。__________________________________________【知識梳理5】一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進行時的轉(zhuǎn)化動詞時態(tài)是與時間狀語相聯(lián)系的，當時間發(fā)生變化時，動詞時態(tài)也要相應改變，而時態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)并不一致，所以當一般現(xiàn)在時改為現(xiàn)在進行時，注意要加上be動詞；而現(xiàn)在進行時變?yōu)橐话悻F(xiàn)在時，則要去掉be動詞，同時也要注意動詞的形式變化?！纠}精講】例1.Mybrotherdoeshishouseworkintheevenings.(用now替換intheevening)Mybrotherhishouseworknow.例2.Isyourmotherswimmingnow?(用everyweek換now，并改為陳述句)Mymothereveryweek.例3.ThechildrenoftenwatchTVatnight.(把atnight改為it’seighto’clock)__________________________________一般過去時【知識梳理1】一般過去時的概述★一般過去時：用于表示過去某個時間存在的狀態(tài)或者發(fā)生的動作?！锉硎具^去的時間標志詞：justnow,amomentago,yesterday,lastweek/night/weekend/year/month,threeweeks/daysago,thismorning,thedaybeforeyesterday等?！纠}精講】例1.Mysisterwasathomejustnow.我姐姐剛才在家。例2.Thetwinswenttoschoolatsixyesterdaymorning.昨天早上6點雙胞胎去上學?！眷柟叹毩暋糠g句子：昨天我們上了英語課。________________________________________上周末她買了一條新連衣裙。________________________________________【知識梳理2】一般過去時的用法（1）表示過去某個時間存在的狀態(tài)，常與be動詞連用，如：Theschoolswereverysmalllastyear.Mymobilephonewasherejustnow.（2）表示過去發(fā)生的動作或過去經(jīng)常性習慣性的動作，常含實義動詞，如：Hegotupatsixthismorning.WewatchedTVlastnight.【知識梳理3】動詞過去式的變化1.be動詞的變化wasam→ →wasn’twasbewasbewasis→ →wasn’twerewereare→ →weren’t2.實義動詞的變化1)動詞過去式變化規(guī)則2.實義動詞的變化1)動詞過去式變化規(guī)則(1)一般在動詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked(2)結(jié)尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted(3)末尾只有一個元音字母和一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped(4)以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i，再加-ed，如：study-studied如：Theywateredflowers.MaryandLindastudiedEnglishtogetherlastSaturday.IplannedtoAmericalastmonth.【例題精講】例1.寫出下列動詞的過去式。is\am_________fly_______buy________are________drink_________play_______go________make________does_________dance________worry________have_____taste_________eat__________draw________put______get________read_________pass_______do________【知識梳理4】一般過去時的句式結(jié)構(gòu)1.含有be動詞的一般過去時：結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be(was/were)+其它。第一人稱和第三人稱單數(shù)形式用was;其余情況用were。如：Iwasalittlegirlthreeyearsago.Theywerenotunderthebedlastweek.句式變化：否定句：主語+was/were+not+其它。如：Hewasnotaworker.一般疑問句：Was/Were+主語+其它？如：--Wereyouathomeyesterday?--Yes.Iwas./No,Iwasn’t.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句？如：Wherewasyourmother?含有實義動詞的一般過去時：結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+動詞過去式+其它。如：IwenttotheparklastSaturday.TheywenttotheparklastSaturday.句式變化：否定句：主語+didn't+動詞原形(+其它)。如：Ididn’twatchTVlastweekend.一般疑問句：Did+主語+動詞原形+其它？如：--Didyouplayfootballyesterday?--Yes,Idid./No,Ididn't.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形?如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?方法總結(jié)：過去時的難點和易錯點在于詞匯題，在此強調(diào)做題順序找到時間狀語，并在文中畫出；先判斷動詞是否為不規(guī)則動詞；不是不規(guī)則動詞，再進行規(guī)則的變化；若詞匯題考查的是一般過去時的疑問句。若給出的是be動詞，只要開頭寫was和were即可，單數(shù)was復數(shù)were；給出的是實義動詞，只要開頭寫did，后加動詞原形即可。對于句型轉(zhuǎn)換：除了按照常規(guī)的步驟進行改寫外，還需要注意助動詞did后一定要將動詞變?yōu)樵?。所以動詞原形和動詞過去式要對應正確?！纠}精講】例1.TheywereonthefarmlastSaturday.(改為否定句)________________________________________________例2.DavidandLiuTaodidtheirhomeworktogetheramomentago.否定句：________________________________________________對劃線部分提問：________________________________________________【鞏固練習】翻譯句子：1.Mike上周六不在家。______________________________________2.她今天早上怎樣去上學？____________________________________________3.你昨天買故事了嗎？__________________________________________________【課堂檢測】建議15min完形填空。AWangBing___1___anEnglishfriend,Jack.He__2___ane-mailtoJackinthecomputerroom.GaoShancomesin.He__3___toplaytabletenniswithWangBing.ButWangBingcan’t.Heisbusy.Jack__4__insmalltownnearLondon.HisfatherisfromEnglandandhismotherisfromJapan.They__5__EnglishandJapanese.Jack’sfather__6__Englishinaprimaryschool.Helikesteaching.Jack’smotherdoesn’twork.Sheisahousewife.Shedoesallthecookingand___7__.JacklikesChinaverymuch.Buthe__8____Chineseatschool.HeusuallyplaysfootballonSundays.Andhecanswimwell,too.()1.A.have B.has C.haves()2.A.iswriting B.writing C.writing()3.A.want B.wants C.iswanting()4.A.isliving B.lives C.tolive()5.A.speaking B.speaks C.speak()6.A.teachs B.teaches C.teaching()7.A.cleaning B.clean C.cleans()8.A.studies B.doesn’tstudy C.don’tstudyBItisSaturdaytoday.It’sasunnyday.Manystudentsare1inthepark.Someboys2besidethelake(湖).Theyareplayingwiththefish.Somegirlsareunderthetree.Theyare3.4adogbesidethem.It’s5thegirls.6thechair,there7twoyoungmen(年輕人).They’re8witheachother.Agirlis9.Perhapsshe’stheirsister.There’s10icecreaminherhand.Allthepeople(人)areveryhappy.()1.A.play B.playing C.playingwith()2.A.is B.are C.am()3.A.singing B.sing C.swimming()4.A.There’re B.There’s C.It’s()5.A.looking B.lookingat C.lookat()6.A.On B.In C.Under()7.A.is B.are C.it()8.A.chat B.chatting C.chating()9.A.comeing B.come C.coming()10.A.a B.an C.the【要點回顧】建議15min一般現(xiàn)在時注意第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在進行時的時態(tài)標志詞？一般過去式（不規(guī)則變化）【溫故知新】一、單項選擇。()1.I______toschoolbybusthismorning.A.walkedB.wentC.comeD.rode()2.Mr.Whiteoften_______supperathome.A.haveB.hadC.hasD.ishave()3.It______lastnight.A.rainsB.rainedC.rainD.wasrain()4.He_______tobedat9:30p.monSundays.A.goB.isgoingC.goesD.went()5.I_______totheparkyesterday.A.goB.wentC.goesD.wasgo()6.He_______TVjustnow.A.didn’twatchedB.didn’twatchC.doesn’twatchD.doesn’twatches()7.BenandI________someflowerslastweek.A.plantB.plantedC.plantingD.plants()8.--Whathedo?--Hepearsonthefarm.A.does;pickB.did;picksC.does;pickedD.did;picked()9.______itoften______inwinter?A.Do;snowB.Does;snowsC.Do;snowsD.Does;snow()10.--________seasoninWuxi_______youlikebest?--Ilikeautumnbest.It’scoolandsunny.A.What;doesB.Which;areC.Which;doD.What;are二、用正確的動詞形式填空。1.Thechildren___________(run)therejustnow.2.-I_______(get)upathalfpastsixthismorning.3.Mymother____________(buy)alotoffruityesterdayafternoon.4.I_________(can)speakEnglishwhenIwasthreeyearsold.5.They_______________(nothave)ameetingyesterday.6.--______you_________(have)anycolorpens?--Sorry,Idon’thaveany.7.Shelikeseggs,butshe_____________(notlike)bread.8.Mymother__________(tell)meastoryeverynight.9.Thetwins_________thirteentwoyearsago.(be)10.Where________herfriend__________(swim)yesterday?11.Who__________(teach)youEnglishinyourschoollastterm?12.Nearourschoolthere_________(be)ashop,it_________(sell)alotofbooks.13.She__________(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.14.What_______he_________(like)?15.He__________