小學(xué)英語專題一名詞

PagePage1小學(xué)英語語法小學(xué)英語語法Page4基礎(chǔ)知識專題小學(xué)英語語法基礎(chǔ)知識專題一名詞一、名詞的數(shù)1)規(guī)則變化①一般在名詞后加s.如boy→boys,pen→pensbagbagsbedbeds但是chicken當(dāng)小雞講時，是可數(shù)名詞，Therearealotofchickensinthehouse.當(dāng)雞肉講時，是不可數(shù)，Ilikeeatingchicken.②以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的，加es.如bus-busesbox-boxesbrush-brushes,watch-watchesmatch但stomach的復(fù)數(shù)為stomachs.注意mouthmonthpath③"以輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的，y變?yōu)閕，然后再加es.如baby→babiescity—citiescountrycountries注意以“元音+y”，直接加s。如：day--days，boy--boys④以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞把f或fe改為v,再加es.如knife-knives,

half-halves(wife,knife，wolf，thief，shelf，self，life,half,leaf)口訣：妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷嚇得發(fā)了慌；躲在架后保己命，半片樹葉遮目光。例外以f結(jié)尾，加S的情況：gulf（海灣）,roof（屋頂）,chief（首領(lǐng)）,serf（奴仆）,belief（信仰）,proof（證據(jù)）,但handkerchief（手帕）handkerchiefs或handkerchieves?？谠E：海灣邊、屋頂上，首領(lǐng)農(nóng)仆兩相望；誰說他們無信仰，證據(jù)寫在手帕上⑤以o結(jié)尾的名詞加-esNegro（黑人）—Negroes，hero（英雄）-heroes,tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes加-skilo→kilos,photo→photos,,radio→radios,piano→pianos,video→videos.bamboo—bambooszoozoos但zerozeros或zeroes2)不規(guī)則變化①man→men,woman→women,policeman→policemen,foot→feet,tooth→teethchild-children，mouse→mice,Englishman→Englishmen，F(xiàn)renchwomanFrenchwomen注意German（德國人）Germans，AmericanAmericans，Australian(澳大利亞人)Australians②單復(fù)數(shù)同形如：Japanese→Japanese,Chinese→Chinesesheep→sheep,deer→deerfish—fish注意fish作魚肉講時不可數(shù)。Ilikeeatingfish.fish指魚時是可數(shù)。Hegivesmetwofish.③有些名詞形式上是單數(shù)，實為復(fù)數(shù)意義，通常被稱為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：people,police(不說apeople，可說aperson)兩個人twopersons或twopeoplepolice(警察)tenpolice(不說apolice，可說apoliceman)④合成名詞變復(fù)數(shù)appletree→appletrees,busdriverbusdrivers,girlfriendgirlfriendspasser-by(過路人)→passers-bygrown-up→grown-ups(成年人)注意：被man或woman修飾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，兩個名詞都要變。mandoctor→mendoctorswomanteacher→womenteachersmandrivermendriverswomannursewomennurses⑤有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：clothes,trousers,glasses,scissors(剪刀),chopsticks⑥數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時，常采用數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞形式，如atwo-weekholiday,an8-yearoldgirl.另一種常見的形式有fiveminutes'walk,twodays'leave3）不可數(shù)名詞沒有單復(fù)數(shù)形式，要表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量，可用以下兩種方法。①可用表單位的詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞apieceofpapertwopiecesofpaperapieceofbreadabottleofwateracupofcoffeeaglassofmilkapieceofnews②用alittle,little,much,alotof,lotsof,some,any等修飾不可數(shù)名詞。Thereisalittlemilkinthecup.（alittle一些，一點兒,表肯定）Thereislittlemilkinthecup.（little幾乎沒有，表否定）拓展可數(shù)名詞表復(fù)數(shù)時，可用以下詞語修飾：afew,few,many,alotof,lotsof,some,any等修飾可數(shù)名詞。Thereareafewstudentsintheroom.（afew一些，表肯定）Therearefewstudentsintheroom.（few幾乎沒有，表否定）二、名詞的格1）表示有生命的東西（人或動物）的名詞所有格一般在名詞后加'sTom’sknife①以s或es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格只在名詞后加'如：theteachers'readingroom;②不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格要加's.children'spenswomen’sbooks③如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩人共有，則只在后一個名詞的后面加'sJaneandHelen'sroom(共有的房間)④如果不是共有的，則兩個名詞之后都要加'sBill'sandTom'srooms（不共有）2）表示無生命的東西，一般用of+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。amapofChinathepictureofthefamilythelegsofthetableapictureofmyfather指的是爸爸本人的照片。3)有些表示時間，距離，國家，城市等無生命的東西的名詞，也可以用'stenminutes’walkonemonth’svacation4)雙重所有格afriendofmine=oneofmyfriend我朋友當(dāng)中的一個【課堂練習(xí)】I.寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。watch____________strawberry___________child____________thief____________photo___________diary__________box___________mandoctor_______day______________foot______________zoopeartree_________book____________peach____________dress____________girlstudent___________tooth____________baby______________deer___________German__________stomachmouthherowomannurse__________NegroAmericankiloleafFrenchmanpianoknifeII.翻譯下列詞組。一些桃子___________我的自行車__________五袋大米____________教師節(jié)__________八只腳__________婦女節(jié)__________二十顆牙齒___________二張紙_________三瓶果汁________四個男醫(yī)生_________四十個女警察__________七顆梨樹_________十二把小刀_________一副世界地圖________九個德國人________Helen的朋友_______許多孩子__________雙胞胎的媽媽___________Tom和Jack共有的房間III.按要求改寫下列句子。Thereisanorangetreeinthegarden.（改為復(fù)數(shù)句）_____________________________________2.Sheisagoodteacher.（改為復(fù)數(shù)句）____________________________________________________3.Ihavesomeinterestingstorybooks.（改為單數(shù)句）______________________________________4.Therearesomewomenteachersoverthere.（改為單數(shù)句）_________________________________5.-Whatisit?-It'sabox.（改為復(fù)數(shù)句）_______________________________________________IV.單項選擇。()1.MrSmithis_______father.Theyaretwinsisters.A.Mary'sandJohn'sB.Mary'sandJohnC.MaryandJohn's()2.Sheneeds___________________.A.aglasswaterB.twoglassesofwaterC.twoglassesofwaters()3.Therearefive______inourschool.A.womanteacherBwomanteachersC.womenteachers()4.Therearemany_______inthefridge.A.foodB.breadC.vegetables()5.I'mthirsty.IthinkI'llbuysome______.A.waterB.eggsC.cakes()6.Johnbought___forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoe()7.-Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch,sir?-I'dlike____.A.chickenB.achickenC.chickensD.thechicken()8.Therearefive___inourfactory.A.womandriverB,womendriverC.womandriversD.womendrivers()9.Thepostofficeisabitfarfromhere.It'sabout_____.thirtyminutes'swalkB.thirtyminute'swalkC.thirtyminutes'walkD.thirtyminuteswalk()10._____turnyellowinautumn.A.LeafB.LeavesC.LeaveD.Leafs()11.Willyoupleaseshowmethewaytothe_____shop?A.shoeB.shoes'C.shoesD.shoe's()12._____hardworkitis!A.WhataB.HowC.WhatD.Howa()13.Hisfamily_____ahappyone.A.beB.areC.isD.was()14.Imettwo_____inthestreetyesterdaymorning.A.GermanB.AustralianC.AmericanD.Japanese()15.Mygrandparentslike_____verymuch,sotheygrowsomeintheir_____gardeneveryyear.vegetable,vegetableB.vegetable,vegetablesC.vegetables