2012年9月公共英語三級試題及答案-文檔

2012年9月公共英語三級試題及答案UseofEnglish

BluejeansareprobablythesinglemostrepresentativearticleofAmericanclothing．Theywereoriginally26byJacobDavis，atailorfromNevada，27，togetherwithdry-goodssalesmanLeviStrauss，patentedtheideaas28clothingforminersinl873．Bluejeans，also29asworkclothing，spreadamongworkersofallkindsinthelatel9thandearly20thcenturies，30amongcowboys，farmers，loggers，andrailroadworkers．Duringthe1950s，31MarionBrandoandJamesDeanmadebluejeans32bywearingtheminmovies，andjeansbe。camepartofthe33ofteenagers’rebelling．Inthel960sand1970s，thisfashionstatementexplodedasLevI’s34afundamentalpartoftheyouth35focusedonbothcivilrightsandantiwarprotests．36thelate1970s，almosteveryoneintheUnitedStatesworebluejean,37youthsallaroundtheworldsoughtafterthem．38designersbegantocreatemorecomplicated39ofbluejeansandto40theirfit，jeansbegantoexpresstheAmericanemphasis41informalityandtheimportanceofdetail．Bystressingtherightlabeland42therightlook，bluejeans，43theirworkerorigins，satirically。RepresentedthestatusconsciousnessofAmericanfashionandthe44togetclosetothe45fashion．In1971，LeviStrauss＆Co．receivedtheCotyFashionCritics’Award，thehighestawardoftheAmericanfashionindustry．

26．[A]invented [B]introduced [C]developed [D]delivered27．[A]which [B]where [C]that [D]who28．[A]custom-made [B]long-wearing [C]well-tailored [D]nice-looking29．[A]realized [B]accepted [C]known [D]identified30．[A]especially [B]normally [C]obviously [D]exclusively31．[A]cowboys [B]actors [C]writers [D]directors32．[A]economical [B]typical [C]fashionable [D]valuable33．[A]image [B]figure [C]picture [D]character34．[A]took [B]played [C]had [D]became35．[A]character B]culture [C]anxiety [D]education36．[A]Before [B]Since [C]By [D]Till37．[A]and [B]so [C]then [D]for38．[A]Although [B]Until [C]As [D]Whereas39. [A]styles [B]examples [C]sizes [D]materials40．[A]create [B]adjust [C]determine[D]pursue41．[A]about [B]in [C]of [D]on42. [A]maintaining [B]improving [C]expressing [D]achieving43．[A]besides [B]despite [C]except [D]from44．[A]anxiety [B]eagerness [C]ambition [D]promise45．[A]temper [B]grand [C]brightest [D]latestText1

Backintheearly1990s，Iknewlittleaboutcomputersbeyondwhatittooktogetthroughaworkingday．Buthere’swhatIdidknow：somethinghugewashappening．ItwasstirringeconomiesandimaginationsandpossibilitieslikenothingIhadeverknown．IknewtheworldwaschanginginwaysthatmeantIshouldn’tcountonoldassumptions．AndIknewIhaddreamsIstillhadn’tfulfilled.ButIdidn’tknowhowtorealizethemuntilImetwithmyoldfriend，RollysRouse，whenwehappenedtomoveintothesameneighborhood．

Rollyoftencalledmewithastreamofideas．Hisrateofideaproductionpersecondseemedal-mostincredible．Soonwewereonthephonewitheachothereveryday．TalkingabouttheInternet.

TalMngaboutstartinganewonlinecompany-maybetogether．

Hewasthendevelopingaplanandhewantedmetobeapartofit：wewouldgivepeoplewonderful，wholeelectronichousesonaCD-ROMandletthemmodifythosehomestotheirownneeds．Tryoutdifferentwindowsanddoors，differentpaintcolorsandfurnishings．Whentheyweresatisfied，wewouldenablethemodegoonlinetomaketheprojecthappen，togettheproductsandthefinancingandtheprofessionaldesignandconstructiontohelptodoitoutright．

BuildingBlockswasthenameRollycameupwithforhisnewenterprise．Rollytooktheplungefirst．Hesimplydroppedhisprofitableenergy—consultingbusinesstocommithimselffulltimetoBuildingBlocks.IsoonjoinedhimafterIquitmywell—paidjobatanewspaper．

TogetherwedevelopedademotoshowthefeaturesofourCD—ROM，“TheNewAmericanDreamHome”．ThenwetookittotheannualconventionoftheNationalAssociationofHomeBuildersinBoston．Allthebigcompanieswerethereshowingofftheirlatestproducts．

Toourdelight，nearlyeveryonewaseagertoseewhatwewereshowing,includingthetopexecutivesofsomeenormouscompanies．Whenweleft，wehadinvitationsfromthemtocometotheirofficestotellthemmoreaboutBuildingBlocks.

ThatwasthestartofmyreallifetimedreamandBuildBlocks，ourcompany，hasbeenprosperingeversince．

46．By“somethinghugewashappening”，thewriterrefersto_________．

[A]housedesigning

[B]homedecoration

[C]furnitureproduction

[D]high-techdevelopment

47．ThetextshowsthatRollyRouseis________．

[A]creative

[B]cautious

[C]considerate

[D]conservative

48．BuildingBtocksisacompanythathelpspeopleto________．

[A]rentidealhouses

[B]buyidealhouses

[C]findidealhouses

[D]ownidealhouses

49．Rollyandthewriterdecidedtostartacompanytogetherbecausetheywereboth________．

[A]expectingarchitecture

[B]underRaidattheirjobs

[C]outofworkatthetime

[D]interestedine-business

50．AttheBostonconvention，Rollyandthewriterwerehappybecause_________．

[A]theyarousedpeople’sinterestintheirproducts

[B]theysoldsomeoftheirownproductsrightthere

[C]theygottheirfirstordersfromsomefamousbuildingfirms

[D]theyhadtheopportunitytovisitsomefamousbuildingfirmsText3

Lately，presidentsofsomeAmericanuniversitieshaveaddedinflationtotheirworrylist．Theyarenotconcededaboutinflationofprices，butofacademicgrades．LarrySummers，presidentofHarvard．Recentlycausedastormwhenhetoldoneoftheuniversity’sprofessorshedidn’tlikegradeinflation．

InsiderssaythatnearlyhalfthegradesHarvardawardshavelatelybeenAorAminus—alotmoremaninthel980s．Isthistrendabadthing，infact2Andisthisgradeinflationreally“inflation”?

Totakethesecondquestionfirst，theanswerisN0，notstrictlyspeaking．”Inflation“ingradesoughttomeanthatworkofagivenstandardwouldbeawardedaneverhighergrade，yearbyyear.Thehighestpermissiblegradewouldthereforehavetokeeprisinginaceaselessprocessonofnon-improvement．Becauseinrealitythetopgradeisfixed，theprocessisnotsomuchgradeinflationasgradecompression．Thisisworse：adistortioninrelativepricesismoreconfusingthanauniformupwarddrift.Gradecompressionsqueezesinformationoutofthesystem．

Butisgradeinflationnecessarilyabadthing?Theanswerdependsonwhoyouare．WhenstudentsleaveHarvard,theycarrygradesasasortofcurrency：apocketfullofintellectualcapital，tobidforjobsorplacesingraduateschoolsagainstgraduatesfromotheruniversitieswithothercurrencies．Thesepositionsgotothosewhocanputthemostacademiccashonthetable。Employersandgraduateschoolsmustdecideontheexchangerate,asitwere，betweenaHarvardCstudent

andanAstudentfromalessdistinguishedplace．

Again．overallgradeinflation-theuniformdevaluationofthestudents’capital-wouldberelativelyeasytocopewith，workinginprincipleneithertotheadvantageordisadvantageofHarvardgraduates．Recruitersinapositiontoseethemarketforgraduatesasawhole，wouldsimplyadjusttheirexchangerate.Compression，however，hasdistributionalconsequences．ThebestHarvardstudentsseetheirgradesdevaluedrelativetothoseofsecond．rateHarvardstudents．Thatisbadwithrespecttoencouragingstudentstoworkharder．

56．ThetexttalksabouttherecentstormconcerninggradeinflationinAmericanuniversitiesbyfocusingon_________．

[A]itscauses

[B]itsfeatures

[C]itsimpacts

[D]itspurposes

57．Inthewriter’sopinion，realgradeinflationcanoccurwhenthehighestpermissiblegrade_______

[A]israisedaccordingly

[B]iscautiouslygranted

[C]isstrictlyadministered

[D]islimitedappropriately

58．Thewriterthinksthatgradecompressioncharacterizes________．

[A]adjustpolicyinevaluation

[B]adistortedgradingsystem

[C]afixedcriterionfortheworkdone

[D]arelativedifferenceamongstudents

59．Asfarasjob—seekingisconcerned，Harvardgradeinflationwillbenefit________．

[A]itsbestgraduates

[B]itsordinarygraduates

[C]thejobrecruiters

[D]theschoolauthorities

60．WithgradeinflationgoingoninHarvard，itislikelythat________．

[A]itsbeststudentswilllacktheurgetomakeprogress

[B]itsrankingintheUSuniversitieswillgoingdown

[C]itsadvantageswillbeovertakenbyitsdisadvantages

[D]itssystemofschoolscoredistributionwillbeinchaosPartB

Directions：

Readthetextsinwhichfivepeoplearecommentingonamagazinearticlecalled“TheGlobalFishCrisis”。Forquestion61to65，matchthenameofeachperson(61to65)tooneofthestatements(AtoG)givenbelow.MarkyouranswersANSWERSHEET.

TomHagen：

IamacommercialfishermaninAlaska．Itwasaneye—openertoseethedestructionandwasteintheworld’sfisheries．TheAlaskasalmonfisheryisverywellmanaged，andwedon’tseethedestructionoccurringelsewhere．Manylocalpeoplecomplainofthemanyrestrictivelawsinthefish-cry，butafterreadingthisarticle，I’minfavorofevenstricterregulation．TheseaisthebasisforlifeonEarth，andwemusttakecareofit．

JimmyO’Brien：

Youdidn’ttouchthefishinghereintheU．S．wherethefishermanisworkingundertheharshestregulationsonEarthandthestrictestequipmentrestrictions．WearefishinginafashionthatiscompletelyenvironmentallyfriendlyasrequiredundertheMagnuson-StevensAct．TheU．S．keepsimportingmorefishfromcountriesthathavenorequirementsonequipmentorontheircatch．U．S．fishermencannotcompetewithforeignpricessothefishermen’snumbershavebeenreduced．

TiffanyMiller：

Iwasshockedattheutterlackofregardthatthecommercialfishingindustryhasforitsveryownersources.I’dliketoaskthesesamefishermenwhosaythattheycannotmakealivingonthecatchlimitssetforthem：Howareyougoingtomakealivingwhenallthefisharegone?

NathanKennedy：

Youfailedtonotetheobviousrootcauseoftheglobalfishcrisis，whichisnotnewtechnologiesbuttheexplosionofworldpopulation．TheresimpleyarenotenoughfishintheoceantofeedUS，andallthefisheriesmanagementandconservationintheworldwilldonothingtostopoverfishingifnothingisdonetostemtheunsupportabledemandforhumanconsumption．

PeterPaul：

Asapersonwithsome35yearsofmembershipinvariousconservationgroups，andafterwritingthousandsofemails，letters，andprotestforms，IarrivedatthesadConclusionthatnothingIdidmatteredonebit．Whenthecatchdropsbelowthecostofoperatingexpenses，theindustrywilldie,takingthehealthoftheoceanwithit．Wewillthenallstandbackandwonderwhyweletithappen

Nowmatchthenameofeachperson(61to65)totheappropriatestatement．

Note：therearetwoextrastatements．

Statements

61．TomHagen

62．JinmayO’Bfien

63．TiffanyMiller

64．NathanKennedy

65．PeterPaul

[A]Overfishingresultsfromextensiveuseofnewtechnologies．

[B]Manypeopleinmyplacesupportstricterregulationonfishing．

[C]Ithinkthatyoufailedtopointouttherealreasonforoverfishing．

[D]Weareinaveryweakpositiontocompetewithothercountriesinfishing．

[E]Soonerorlater，wewillfeelregretfulaboutoutcurrentfishingpractice．

[F]Ididn’tknowthereweresuchdamagingwaysoffishingaroundtheworld．

[G]1wonderifthosefishermenhaveeverconsideredtheconsequencesofexhaustingoceanresources．66．Youhavereadthefollowingadvertisementaboutavolunteerprogramforallinternationalsportsgame．Youwanttogetintouchwiththeorganizer．VolunteersWanted

Tasks：interpreting，guiding，receptionwork，medicalaid，driving，etc.．

GoodlevelofEnglishrequired．

ContactUSatvolunteerswanted@gamil．comWriteanemailtotheorganizer，tellingabout

1)yourinterestintheprogram；

2)yourqualificationsforthetask；

3)yourtimeavailableforthetask．

Youshouldwriteaboutl00words．Donotsignyourownnameattheendofyouremail．

Use“WangLin”instead．

PartB

67．Belowisapictureshowingthatthecommunitynewspaperboardiscoveredbyadvertisements．Lookatthepictureandwriteanessayofabout120wordsmakingreferencetothe

followingtwopoints：

1)whattheproblemisandwhatcausestheproblem；

2)howtoimprovethesituation．參考答案26．A【精析】本題考查動詞詞義辨析。invent發(fā)明；introduce引進(jìn)；develop發(fā)展；deriver遞交。后文提到“他和紡織商李維·施特勞斯合作，于1873年將這一發(fā)明申請為專利”，由此推知，此處是說“藍(lán)色牛仔褲最初是由雅各布·戴維斯發(fā)明的”，故選A。

27．D【精析】本題考查關(guān)系代詞詞義辨析。which代指物；where代指地點；that代指物或者人，但不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；who代指人。前文提到美國內(nèi)華達(dá)州的一位裁縫——雅各布·戴維斯，推知此處是說，“他和紡織商李維·施特勞斯合作”，即此處的關(guān)系代詞代指的是前文的雅各布·戴維斯，故選D。

28．B【精析】本題考查復(fù)合形容詞詞義辨析。custom—made顧客定制的；long—wearing經(jīng)久耐

穿的；well—tailored精心剪裁的；nice—looking漂亮好看的。后文提到這種衣服是為礦工做的，從礦工的工作環(huán)境推知，這種衣服的特點是“經(jīng)久耐穿的”，故選B。

29．C【精析】本題考查動詞詞義辨析。realize意識，實現(xiàn)；accept接受；know知道，稱作；identify識別。根據(jù)前文“藍(lán)色牛仔褲”和后文“工作服”可知，后文是對前文更為具體通俗的解釋，含義上是等同的，故選c。30．A【精析】本題考查副詞詞義辨析。especially尤其地；normally正常地；0bviously明顯地；exclusively專有地。前文提到，藍(lán)色牛仔褲流行于美國各行各業(yè)的工人階層，此處專門指出幾個不同工種的工人，故選A。

31．B【精析】本題考查名詞詞義辨析。cowboy牛仔；actor演員；writer作家；director導(dǎo)演。后文提到有人在電影中穿著這種款式的褲子，可推知此處是說“演員馬龍·白蘭度和詹姆斯·迪恩”，故選B。

32．C【精析】本題考查形容詞詞義辨析。economical經(jīng)濟的；typical典型的；fashionable流行的；valuable重要的。前半句中提到著各演員在電影中穿藍(lán)色牛仔褲，可推知此處是說“牛仔褲走上銀屏之后成為一種時尚了”，故選C。33．A【精析】本題考查名詞詞義辨析。image形象；figure輪廓，體形；picture圖片；character人物。前文提到牛仔褲走上銀屏之后成為一種時尚，由此可推知，牛仔褲受到叛逆青年的追捧，成為了他們“形象”的一部分，故選A。

34．D【精析】本題考查上下文語義的銜接。take帶走；play玩耍；have有；become成為。前文提

到牛仔褲成了叛逆年輕人形象的一部分，后文又提到青年人關(guān)注民權(quán)運動和反戰(zhàn)運動，可推知，當(dāng)時參與了這一系列運動的年輕人很多都穿李維斯的牛仔褲，即李維斯“成為”了這些運動的重要組成部分，故選D。

35．B【精析】本題考查名詞詞義辨析。character人物；culture文化；anxiety焦慮；education教育。后文提到“關(guān)注民權(quán)運動和反戰(zhàn)運動”，它們都屬青年文化的內(nèi)容，故選B。

36。c【精析】本題考查介詞詞義辨析。before在…之前；since自從…開始；by截止到…；till直到…。

根據(jù)后文的時間狀語以及“美國幾乎所有人都穿藍(lán)色牛仔褲”，可推知此處是說“截止到某一個時間點為止”，故選c。

37．A【精析】本題考查連詞詞義辨析。and并且，而且；S0因此；then然后；for因為。根據(jù)前半句“美國幾乎所有人都穿藍(lán)色牛仔褲”和后半句“全世界的年輕人都在追逐這一潮流”，可推知此處需要一個表示并列關(guān)系的連詞，故選A。

38．C【精析】本題考查連詞詞義辨析。although雖然；until直到；as隨著；whereas盡管。根據(jù)后文“藍(lán)色牛仔褲很好地表現(xiàn)了美國人對隨意的強調(diào)以及對細(xì)節(jié)的重視”可以推知，此處表示的意思是“隨著”服裝設(shè)計師技術(shù)的提高，故選C。

39．A【精析】本題考查名詞詞義辨析。style款式，風(fēng)格，example例子；size型號；material原料。前文提到了“隨著服裝設(shè)計師開始設(shè)計…”，后文提到了“藍(lán)色牛仔褲很好地表現(xiàn)了美國人對隨意的強調(diào)以及對細(xì)節(jié)的重視”，由此可推知此處表示的是，設(shè)計師設(shè)計的牛仔褲款式更為多樣，故選A。

40．B【精析】本題考查動詞詞義辨析。create創(chuàng)造；adjust調(diào)整；determine決定；pursue追求。前文提到了“設(shè)計師設(shè)計的牛仔褲款式多樣”，后文又提到“美國人對細(xì)節(jié)的重視”，細(xì)節(jié)更多體現(xiàn)在服裝的剪裁上，由此可推知，此處表示的是設(shè)計師設(shè)計出的牛仔褲更加合身，故選B。

41．D【精析】本題考查介詞詞義辨析。about關(guān)于…；in在…內(nèi)；0f屬于…；0n在…上。前文中的emphasis作為一個名詞，表示強調(diào)，后文的“informalityandtheimportanceofdetail”表示所強調(diào)的具體兩個方面，故選D。

42．D【精析】本題考查動詞詞義辨析。maintain保持；improve改善；express表達(dá)；achieve實現(xiàn)。根據(jù)前文“突顯品牌”可推知，此處表示的是“實現(xiàn)美觀”，以表達(dá)出其所追求的一個整體效果，故選D。

43．B【精析】本題考查介詞詞義辨析。besides除…之外；despite盡管；except不包括…；from來自…。由前半句的“起源于工人階層”以及后文的“代表了美國當(dāng)代的時尚意識”可推知，前后有一個反差存在，因此此處表示的意思應(yīng)為“盡管起源于工人階層”，故選8。

44．B【精析】本題考查名詞詞義辨析。anxiety焦慮；eagerness急切；ambition雄心；promise許諾。前文提到“代表了美國當(dāng)代的時尚意識”，由此可推知，后文應(yīng)是對這一意識的進(jìn)一步說明，eagerness表示迫切追求潮流的心情，故選B。

45．D【精析】本題考查形容詞詞義辨析。temporary臨時的；grand宏大的；brightest最明亮的；latest最新的。后文指出李維斯榮獲美國時尚界最高獎項——柯蒂時裝評論獎，由此可推知，此處表示“追逐最新的潮流”，故選D。46．D【精析】推理題。47．A【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。48．D【精析】推理題。

49．D【精析】推理題。

50．A【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Toourdelight，nearlyeveryonewaseagertoseewhatwewereshowing…”可見大家對他們的產(chǎn)品很感興趣，故選A。51．A【精析】推理題。根據(jù)第一段第四句“Anxiousparentsmayproduceanxiouschildren．”可知．“如果父母患有焦慮，生出來的孩子很可能也患有焦慮?！庇纱丝芍?，焦慮在一個家庭中可以分析得出，故選A。

52．D【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Whensignsaresoseverethattheyinterferewithdailylifeactivities，itistimetoseekanevaluationfromamentalhealthprofessional．”可知，“一旦焦慮癥狀非常明顯，妨礙了日?；顒?，就需要找一個心理健康專家進(jìn)行治療了?！庇纱丝芍?，影響到正常生活后，就要尋求專業(yè)人士的幫助，故選D。

53．C【精析】推理題。根據(jù)第四段第一、二句“Maria，reassuredthathermotherwasalive，neverthelesscouldnotbeseparatedfromher．．．sheinsistedonsleepingwithhermotherandwouldnotletheroutofsight．”可知，她的壓力來自于害怕失去媽媽，擔(dān)心媽媽的身體健康，故選C。

54．A【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文中第三段最后一句“HerecommendedabrieftreatmentandbeganbytakingMariatohermother’sbedside．”可知，瑪麗亞來到媽媽的身邊最初是因為醫(yī)生要對其進(jìn)行初步的治療，故選A。

55．C【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。由全文最后一段可知，仔細(xì)的診斷和特殊的治療計劃能幫助患有焦慮癥的孩子。故選C。56．C【精析】推理題。分析全文的結(jié)構(gòu)可知，前兩段提出了學(xué)分通脹的問題，第三段的第二句和第三句簡要說明了學(xué)分通脹的原因，即：學(xué)分“通脹”應(yīng)該意味著同一水準(zhǔn)的成績獲得的學(xué)分逐年增高。因此，在沒有改善、提高的情況下，允許學(xué)生獲得的最高學(xué)分在不斷上升。然而在現(xiàn)實中，最高學(xué)分是固定的，因此這個過程不是學(xué)分增值而是學(xué)分貶值。緊接著，該文又分析了學(xué)分通脹所產(chǎn)生的影響：相對價格的扭曲比統(tǒng)一上浮更加令人困惑；學(xué)分貶值讓學(xué)生學(xué)到的知識越來越少，從而令整個教育系統(tǒng)的知識量減少，甚至匱乏。文章的第四段和第五段也是對學(xué)分通脹所產(chǎn)生的影響的分析，包括對學(xué)生就業(yè)和繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)的影響，故選c。

57．A【精析】58．B【thesystem．”可知，相對價格的扭曲比統(tǒng)一上浮更加令人困惑。學(xué)分貶值讓學(xué)生學(xué)到的知識越來越少，從而令整個教育系統(tǒng)的知識量逐漸減少，甚至匱乏。由此可推知，作者認(rèn)為學(xué)分貶值的特征就是一個扭曲的評分體系，故選B。

59．B【精析】推理題。根據(jù)文章第四段內(nèi)容可知，雇主在錄取人員時，會考慮選擇一個哈佛畢業(yè)但只獲得c的學(xué)生，還是選擇一個學(xué)校并不那么出名卻獲得A的學(xué)生，由此可推知，哈佛成績一般的學(xué)生在找工作時更能從學(xué)分通脹中獲益，故選8。

60．A【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。61．F【精析】主旨題。湯姆·哈根對世界上漁業(yè)所受的破壞和污染感到十分震驚。這與F項“我沒有想到世界上對捕魚業(yè)有各種破壞的方法”表示的意思相同。故選F。

62．D【精析】主旨題。吉米·奧勃良提到美國漁民捕魚時受到的諸多限制，因此相對來說，美國魚類價格較高，無法與國外不受嚴(yán)格限制的魚類價格競爭。這與D項“和其他國家的捕魚業(yè)相比，我們所處的