英語詞匯起源及妙記

英語詞匯起源及妙記（TheoriginandwonderfulnotesofEnglishwords）Englishvocabularyoriginandwonderful.Txtaslongasyouwant,aslongasIhave,youstillturnaroundwhat,ah,honest,staywithmeontheline.Listentome,askwhysomuch,Iamonyourside,youcangowrong!Followme!Ican'tgiveyouhappinessismyfault,butwhoyouarenothappy,ITMDtocuthisEnglishvocabularyinmindtheoriginandMiaoSelectedworksofAnthologyAnthologyreferstoananthologyofpoetry,literature,music,painting,etc..Theworditselfisapoem.Weknowthattheso-called"anthology",istheeditortoselecttheessencefromsomeoneorsomepeopleworkinabook.Theworkofediting,likefromthegardeninariotofcolourbelovedflowersgatherbeautifulflowersforariotofcolourspresentedtothereaders."Anthology"isthemeaningof"collectingflowers"ItcamefromtheGreekanthologia,anthos,theflower,andLego,thecollection".BlurbprofileTheword"blurb"means"printedonthebookjacketforthebookadvertisinginformationorcommentary"referstothe"bigpuffery",suchasnewspaperads,shortsellgoods,shortandstrongvividhumorousessaybroadcastwords.ThewordwascreatedbyAmericanhumoristGelettBurgess(1866-1951).AtadinnerheldataretailBookSocietyin1907,eachguest'scutlerywasstockedwithabookbyMr.Burgess,"areyouavulgarnuisance?"(Are,You,a,Bromide,...).Theprevailingatrend,inhisbooktheauthorandthebookblurbballyhoo.Mr.Burgessisdisgustedwiththepractice.Inordertoresisttheunhealthytendencies,hechoseamorbidbeautyphotobookjacket,calledherMissBelindaBlurb,andiswritten:Isincerelyhopethatwithherphotosasacommenttotheendofalladvertising."Unfortunately,hedidnotchecktheunhealthy,butforpeopletomaketheword"blurb".AnthemchantAnthemisthefirstchurchantiphonalhymn,thepriesta,thechoir.ItcomesfromGreekantiphona.Itsliteralmeaningis"antiphonies",namely"againstanti"or"inreturn",phone"sound",or"thesong".ThewordwaswritteninOldEnglishas"antefne".Butthechoircancelledapriest.ItsspellingevolvedseveraltimesbeforebecomingtheAnthemoftoday.Nowsinghymnsmoresimple,asallthecongregationinthechurchchorus.Inaddition,anthemnowalsousedtorefertothe"NationalAnthem","song".CopytranscriptCopyoriginatedfromtheLatinword"copia"andenteredEnglishthroughFrenchcopie".Whenadocument,anarticlehasacopy,copy,copy,"isnolongera",andbecamethe"more".Filmprocessingintopositives,namely"copy".Istheuseoftheword"copy"transliteration.IndexindexIndexisthedataindicatingthepagenumberofitemsorcontentsinabook,usuallyarrangedinacertainorder,sothatitiseasytofind.InLatin,"index"means"indexfinger"".From"indexfinger"to"index",thisisconsistentwithChinesehabit,andweusuallyuseindexfingertoindicatethings.However,Englishnowguidestheindexfinger"indexfinger"andisawordmeaning"overlap"".NovelnovelCheckthedictionary,youwillfindthat,inadditiontonovelas"novel"solution,canalsobeusedasa"new"and"strange"solution,andtheliteralmeaningofnovelisthatitisevolvedfromtheLatinwordnovella,meaning"somethingnew".FictionnovelThewordcomesfromtheLatinword"fictio",meaning"Fabrication"and"fiction".Infact,thenovelis,inasense,something"fabricated"and"invented",ofcourse,Itis"fabricated"and"fabricated"sciencefictionbasedonacertainlife.Englishiscalledscience-fiction.BiographybiographyBiographyisabookorarticlethattellsthestoryofaperson'slife.BiographycomesfromtheGreekword"biographia",bio,whichmeans"life"and"life";graphois"writing"".Together,thatisthepictureoflife"."Autobiography"iscalledautobiography,thatis,hisbiography".Therearealsosomewordsrelatedtobio(life,life),suchasbiology(Biology),biosphere(biosphere,lifelayer).Romanceromanticliterature"Romance"refersto"romanticliterature","legend","loveaffair"andsoon.Themovie"blacksmith"Romanceofthe"Romance"isthetransliterationoftheword.Theabovemeaningsseemtohavenothingtodowiththecityname"Rome"(whichwasspelledRoma),buttheyarenotonlyrelatedtotheglyph,butalsotheword"Romance"fromtheRoma.Romance,fromOldFrenchRomans,LatinRomanus(Roman)derivative,itsoriginalmeaningisthewidelycirculatedasongorastory.SincemostofthesongsorstoriesareaboutKnightAdventuresorlovestories,romanceistranslatedinto"Legends","loveaffairs","romanticliterature"andsoon.SketchsketchSketch,thatis,"sketch",isamethodofpainting,thatis,whileobservingobjects,whileusingsimplelinestodrawtheirmainfeatures.Sketchcanalsorefertoabriefdescriptionofthestateofthings,inatimelymannertothereadersreportedsuchasessays,essays,essays,featuresetc..Sketchtheoriginalmeaningis:"adrawandwrite"and"impromptu"meaning,thesourceisfromtheGreekschedios,onthebasisoftheLatinwordschedium,meaning"impromptupoetry";thenproducedtheItalianschizzo;thenproducedaGermanschizze,Dutchschets;EnglishlisteningsketchisbasedontheDutchschets.DiscussiondiscussionAdiscussioncansometimesleadtoheateddebate,evenwillproducedifferentfactions,thisisprobablydiscussiontheword"discussion"solutionoftheorigin,becauseitisderivedfromtheLatindiscussus,meaningis"split".EncyclopediaEncyclopediaThewordcomesfromtheGreekword"enkyklopaideia",en,thatis,"in",kyklos,circle,paideia,education,andcombinesthewholeofeducationandthefieldofknowledge".AlphabetalphabetThewordcamefromtheGreeklanguageofalphabetos,whichthenwentintoEnglishfromLatinandwrotealphabete.inMiddleEnglishLetterletters,lettersTheword"letter"derivesfromtheLatinword"littera",whichmeans"letter"andmaybethenextofkinto"linere".Fromalitterasourceandsomewords,suchasliteral(literal),"aletter,aletter";Literature(Literature);illiterate(WenMang),that"Idonotknowtheletters";"literati",Englishnameisaliterarymanoramanofletters.ThepluralofLitteraislitterae,whichmeans"letter"".Whenyouwriteonelettertogether,youarewrittenasaletter,soletteralsowritesaletter.CapitalcapitallettersThewordderivesfromLatincaput,whichmeans"head"".Uppercase,intheword"head",hencethename"capital".Inaddition,thecapitalofacountrycanbesaidtobetheheadofacountry,andtheheadisthehead,soitisalsocalled"capital".Onarchitecture,Columntoppartofcrown,alsocalledcapital,becauseitislocatedintheseat"head".WhenCapitalis"capital",italsocomesfromcaput,thatis,"head"andcattle(livestockandcattle)arethesamesource.Atfirst,people'swealth,or"capital",wascalculatedintermsofthenumberofhislivestock,i.e.,howmanyheads".TheoriginofEnglishnumeralsOnecomesfromtheLatinword"unus"(meaning"one").Thereareunity(Unified),Union(Union),unanimous(consistent)andsoon.TwocomesfromLatinDuo(meaning"two").Whenyouthinkaboutsomethingforthesecondtime,youhaveadoubtaboutit.Englishiscalleddoubt,anditisalsofromduo;Hundred(100),writtenintheancientScandinavialanguage,hundrathishund(100)plusgarathjan(count)inthemiddleofseveralletterssynthesized.Thousand(thousands),writteninOldEnglish,thusend,isextractedfromLatin'stumere(expansion)andotherwords,andiscombinedwithhund(100).Itmeansthat"thousand"is"inflated"".Million(million),fromOldItalianmilione,mile-isaLatinprefixmeaning"1000"."Milione"is"thousand"of"strengthening"and"expanding".ThewordwaswritteninFrenchintoMiddleEnglishandwaswritteninmiliounandlaterevolvedintotoday'smillion.Theoriginof"plus,minus,multiply,divide"inEnglishTheEnglishword"plus"iscalled"add".ItcomesfromtheLatinAddo"ad",thatis,"to";"do""put",or"putto",thatis,"plus"".Less,Englishsubtract,subtractusfromLatin;sub,thatis"away";tractus;"taken""."Minus"means"takeaway""."Ride"iscalledmultiply,fromLatinmultiplico;Multusisthemeaningof"many";PLICO,"fold(Times)","multiply",thatis"manifold"(mosttimes)"."Except"iscalled"divide",whichmeans"separate"fromLatinDivido;Diis"apart";"vid-","separate"Theothertwocommonlyusedmathematicalwords"plus"("+")and"minus"("-")arealsofromLatin,meaning"more"and"less"".QuiztestQuizcanrefertotheclass"test","quiz",thanthetest(test)andsmall;canalsorefertotheradioandtelevisionprogramsinthe"intelligencetest","generalknowledgetest".Suchas"FollowMe"("followme","BBC'sTVteachingprogram"),"LondonQuiz"(Londonquiz)Theword"quiz"issaidtohavebeencreatedinthelateeighteenthCenturybytheJamesDaly,atheatermanagerinRepublicofIreland,thecapitalofBerlin.Oneday,hemadeabetthathecouldmakeanew,meaningless,butnotacceptablewordovernight.Hepaidforsomenaughtyboysandchalkedup"quiz"withchalkoneverywallinthecityofDublinovernight.Intheearlymorningofthesecondday,thewordwasdiscovered,butnooneknewwhatitmeant,sothewordmeaning"quiz"soonhadthemeaningof"intelligencetest"and"joke".Googol10100Thisisahugenumber,1,followedby100"0"".ItisEdwardKasner,aprofessorofmathematicsattheColumbiaUniversity(EdwardKasner,1878-1955),coinedbyhislittlenephewwithahumorousproposal.Onthebasisofgoogol,thereisalargerfiguregoogolplex,or"1010100",whichisafairlylargenumber.Piexisshorthandforduplex,whichmeans"double"and"double"".From1010to1010100,mathisalsocalledthegoogolgroup".EsperantoEsperantoSomepeopleusetheword"Sisnotdifficulttoread"or"Sisnotdifficulttounderstand"asthehomonymofEsperantotomemorizetheword.Althoughitisnotcorrect,itcanhelpmemory.InJuly14,1887,Dr.Zamenhof,aPolanddoctorandlinguist,announcedthesuccessfulcreationofaninternationalauxiliarylanguage,esperanto.Theexpertin12languagesispublishedunderthepenname"Dr.Esperanto".ThemeaningofEsperantois"Hope",sothelanguageiscalled"EsperantoLanguage"or"Esperanto".Fromthecurrentsituation,Esperanto'sreal"Esperanto"hopeisnotlarge.Onlyaboutonemillionpeopleintheworldcurrentlyusethelanguage.MusicmusicMusicwroteinancientGreekmousike,fromtheword"mousikos",meaning"belongingtoMousika"".Mousika(Muses)istheGreekmythologyintheDepartmentofmusic,literature,art,astronomy,scienceandother9goddessescollectively.PianopianoTheword"Piano"isashorthandforPianoforteItissaidthatthefirstpianointheworldwasmadebytheItalyviolinmakerBartolomeoChristoforiin1709.HebelievesthatthisinstrumentcanQinlightgentlemelodyandimpassionedexpressioncontent.SohenamedtheinstrumentinItalianpianoeforte,whichmeans"softandloud"".Later,thewordwascondensedintooneword:pianofort,whichwasabbreviatedas"today".JazzJazzAround1910,thecityofFortVickers,theUnitedStateshasa"Alexander'sRagtimeBand",itsperformanceisimprovisationalmusic,withastrongsyncopatedrhythm,cheerfulandenthusiastic,awesomeJing,immediatelysetoffasensation,quicklyspreadtoChicago,NewYorkandothermetropolitanandcountry.Accordingtolegend,theinitiatorofevilnatureofAlexanderCharles,oftendistortedJazz,wheneverthebandreachedaclimax,stageacrazy,theaudienceenthusiasticallycobeatinunisonshouted:"Jazz,comeon!Jazz,comeon!"Thus,themodernmusic,whichisbasedonblackmusic,hasbeencalled"Jazz"(Chinesephonetictranslation"Jazz").Nowithaslowerandgo,reachfarbeyondthebordersoftheUnitedStates,spreadallovertheworld.ComedycomedyAbouttwothousandyearsago,inancientGreece,therewasaprogramcalledkomos.Onthisday,peopledancedanddancedandenjoyedthemselvesuntiltheendofthedinner.ThisisthefestiveactivitiesinitiatedbyDorian,theyareoneoftheancientGreeks,mainlylivinginthePeloponnesePeninsula,Crete,isfamousforitsruggedwild.Therefore,theearlyCarnivalactivitiesweremostlywildstuff.Themainsingeratthetimewaskomoidos,nowcomedian".TheEnglishword"comedy"comesfromtheGreekword"komoidos".TragedytragedyInancientGreecetherewasabard,theyzoucunchuanhu,wandering,orsingingpeoplereciteepicpoems.Thisbardiscalledtragoidos;thetragohereisgoat(goat);oidos,thatis,singer(singer)".TheEnglishtragedyevolvedfromthetrago,thegoat.Buthowdidthetragedycomefromthegoat?Onthispoint,alwaysPublicopinionsaredivergent.,thereisasayingisunabletoagreeonwhichisright,then,isfortheDionysustotheelegyoftheancientGreekdramaGodofthesacrificialgoatandsing,whichisanotherwayofsaying,"thegoat"wasissuedasaholidayprize.ThereisasayinginancientGreece,thePersianislandArionwearingsuedeinthefestivaltohelperotomaniacalspeech,attractedpassionatetragedy.CircusCircusAtfirst,circusdidn'tmeancircus,includingpeople,horsesandprops,butthecircuscircus".CircusistranslatedfromGreekkirkos(rings,circles).Later,themeaningof"circus"graduallyexpandedfrom"ringcourt"to"circusperformance",andthento"manandhorse"circusgroup".OrchestraOrchestraThewordintheGreekCentralPlainswrittenasOrkestra,referstotheancientGreektheaterfromthebeginningof"open"tothe"interior",theBritishputallthefrontseatsintheorchestraindoortheatercalledorchestra.TheFrenchplacetheseatsforthemusicians.Today,Englishorchestrahasboth"Orchestra"and"Orchestra","orchestral"meaning",andthefrontofthetheaterseniorseat"meaning.SportmovementTheword"Sport"isashorthandfordisport."Disport"meansentertainment,fun,entertainment,etc..ThewordgoesbacktoLatin,DIS,orDES,whichmeans"away","porto.","carry",and"carryaway"("transfer"),thatis,"shiftfromwork",thatisexactlywhatsportisfor.Sinceitwas"transferredfromwork",sportoncereferredtoawiderangeofrules,includingplayingcards,collectingstamps,flyingkites,takingawalk,sunbathing,etc..Therearestill"jokes"and"playthings".Inmoderntimes,however,sportoftenreferstoeventswhereathletescompete.AmusememtEntertainmentTheword"amuse"comesfromthechangeoftheancientFrenchword"amuser",meaning"make"...Stunned;a;;to;muser;"starestupidly"(stay)".ThereisasayinginChina:"playisafool."".Thereisthismeaning,becausetheplayistoorealistic,seetherightpeoplecannothelpbut"lookingatadaze",andthisisjustawayofentertainment.ThewordoriginallyenteredEnglish,meaning"trick"and"trick"solution,iftheamusedtheenemyofthesoldiers,"theenemyisnothappy",but"luretheenemy"and"enemy",nowamusementalsocanbesaidtobea"contain"people.Isakindof"distracting",butitisagivepeopleentertainment,makepeoplehappyway.GrmnasticsGymnasticsTheliteralmeaningofgymnasticsis"nakedsport".ItcomesfromtheGreekgymnazo(nakedtraining).Gymnomeansnudity.InancientGreece,gymnasticswasoftenperformedinnudity.Therewasatime,thefamousOlympictrackisanakedrun,thenakedGreeksbelievethatexerciseisgoodforhealth.Inthestudyofsports,whichwaswrittenbyMaoZedong'syouth,healsoadvocatednakedexercise.Gymnasium(gym,gym,abbreviatedasgym)andtheword"outofonesource"aretheplaceswheregymnasticsisperformed.BadmintonbadmintonYoumayhavethoughtthatbadmintonwasoriginallyaplace,thisisthenameoftheendofthenineteenthCenturyBritishBeaufortDukeinGloucester,atensquaremileperimetermanor.Owningrealestateandmanorwasa"fashion"inthelifeoftheBritishatthattime".Theword"Badminton"wasoncereferredtoas"redwine"or"sodawater"".This,ofcourse,wasinseparablefromthelifeoftheland,butlaterthewordwasnolongerused.In1873,theBritishmovedthebadmintongamefromIndiatotheBritishmanorforthefirsttime,andsoonthenamebadmintonoftheDuke'sdomainbecamesynonymouswiththesport.GolfGolfGolfisagameinwhichtheballisheldinaspoonshapedmannertomakeitthroughthebarrierintothesmallhole.Theballissmallerthanthetennisballandthesurfaceismadeofhardrubber.GolfthenameofthegamethatisverypopularintheWestandiscalledthe"noblemovement",ManyscholarsbelievethatthewordcomesfromtheDutchKolf,whichmeansthe"hockeyorcroquetclub".BilliadsbilliardsBilliadsreferstothegame,pluralformforsingular,translatedas"billiards",commonlyknownas"billiards."".Thegameusesasticktohitthesolidball.ThisstickiscalledcueinEnglishandFrenchiscalledbilliard.Itmeans"smallstick"".Thisgamewasoriginallycalledbillart,andlateritwascalledbilliads.Billiadalsocanbeusedasanadjective,butonlyasattribute,suchasabilliadroom(abilliardroom);usedasanoun,isreferstothebilliardball,whichmeans"Lianzhuangtwoballbilliardsscore","ball"isstillcalledBali(s)BackgammontenGobangThisisagamewhereeachplayerhasfifteenpiecesofchessanddicetodecidethenumberofsquarestoplay.InthetombofaqueenintheancientkingdomofBabylon,peoplehaveunearthedachessboardwithabeautifullydecoratedtenGobang,whichhasahistoryof5000years.Theliteralmeaningof"Backgammon"is"playback"".EarlyEnglish"games"donotwritegame,butwriteGamen,sobackgammonisbackgame,becausewhenplayingthisgame,thepiecesareoftensentbacktoeachother,andthenputintothechessboardagain.BoafirebonfireBonfire(bonfire,bonfire)thisjoyfulwordhasaterriblehistory.InsixteenthCentury,bone(anbaee)writing,thenthe"fire"writingbanefire,becauseatthetimeofthefireignitedthefireespeciallywithbones,althoughthisburningcorpsefirebehaviorthanthewordmuchearlier.DuringthereignofHenryVIII(1509-47),heorderedthesaintstobecrematedafterdeath,andthediscipleswereallowedtosearchfortheholythingsfromtheashes.Fortunately,bonefirefinallygotridofbonesandbecamebonfiretoday.SoccersoccerSoccerisaverypopularsportintheUK,alsoknownasassociationfootball,thefootballgameoftherulesestablishedbytheBritishfootballassociation.Soccerisassociationfootballabbreviation,originallyreferredtoasAssoc,andlaterreferredtoasSOC,andfinallywrittenassoccerorsocker.Bytheway,soccerandfootballaretwodifferentkindsofsportsintheUnitedStates.TheAmericanfootballiscommonlycalled"Rugby."".ChesschessInchess,thekingoftheotherside"onearmy",Englishcalledcheck,anditiswithchess,arefromtheancientPersianShah(King)evolved.ShahenteredtheOldFrenchafterwritingeschecintooldEnglishwhenwritingChek,thenwritingcheck,initiallylimitedtochessinthearmywillbea"meaning,thenextendedtotoday's"stop","check"meaning.AndtheancientFrencheschecpluralformeschecsintoancientEnglishafterwritingches,laterbecamechess,theoriginal"willbeaarmy"ofthecomplex,andchesschess,isthecontinuousgeneralgame.Inaddition,theancientPersianscalledchess"theotherdie"isshah-mat,matisthemeaningofthe"dead";todayalsospeakEnglishcheck-mate,thisisnot",but"theotherplayers"dying",wheremateisatransliterationofthePersianmat.BridgeBridgeBridgeisakindofcardgame.ItissaidthatthefirstgameofcardsisanofficialintheSongDynastyChinaabout1120yearsforhisharemdesign.TheearliestcardgamesinEuropebetween1392and1393.Germanyistheearliestcardmakingcenter.Theyaredesignedas"bells","hearts","leaves"and"acorns".Theyrepresent"gentlemen","monks","landlords"and"laborers"".TheSpanishcardsarepatternedwithswords,sticks,cups,andmoney".TheearliestBritishcardswerecalledbiritch.By1880s,bridgewasinEnglandforawhile.Atfirstwomendidnotfight,butbythetwentiethCenturywomen'sclubsgrew,Womenplaynolessthanmen.TheUKcardstotesttheothercountriesandthepatternsaid,thenaset,respectivelyClub(plum),spade(HeiTao),heart(heart)anddiamond(FangKuai);clubthemeaningofSpaininthecard"stick",butthepatternis"clover"isfromspade;SpanishEspada,meaning"sword";heart,whoisthe"heart"andgraphics;diamond(diamond)fromFrenchCarreau(glass)patterntothedrawing.ArenaArenaArenaistheancientRomeandancientGreekamphitheatrecentralarenagamequitebrutal,oftentakepeoplefoughtwithlionsinthearenafloor,beforethethicklayerofharena(sand),usedtosoakthevictim'sbloodforalongtime,harenahasbecomesynonymouswith"arena".Later,theColosseumwaspavedwithtraditionalsand,andwiththedevelopmentoflanguage,thefirstletterHwasremoved,whichbecamethearenaoftoday.Today,thewordcanalsorefertootherplacesofcompetition,suchasbattlefields,politics,stage,etc..BreakfastbreakfastFastisa"fast","fast"means,suchasIslameveryyearforamonth"Ramadan","fast"inthismonththedayadaywithouteating.Onlyinthemorningandevening,thetwocannotseethesunwheneatingvegetarian'for"iftar",isaverygrandfestivalofislam.Breakmeans"break",andBreakfastmeans"breakthefast",thatis,"breakthering"or"breakthefast"".Breakfastisthefirstmealtobreakthefast,soithasthisname.LunchlunchLunchfirstisthemeaningof"a"and"a",Britainhastwodialects"lunch"iscalledlunshine(afood)andnonschench;nonnoon;Schench(noon)","drink"means"drinkatnoon".Theformal