2025版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)真題精練專題一閱讀理解熱考主題5社會現(xiàn)象與熱點課件

熱考主題5社會現(xiàn)象與熱點

Passage1話題：可持續(xù)的生活方式主題語境：人與社會詞數(shù)：約345

難度：★★★☆☆[2023年1月浙江卷·B]Livewithroommates?Havefriendsandfamilyaroundyou?Chancesarethatifyou’relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadytojumponthatbandwagon.

IexperiencedthiswhenIstartedswitchingtoazerowastelifestylefiveyearsago,asIwaslivingwithmyparents,andIcontinuetoexperiencethiswithmyhusband,asheisnotcompletelyzerowastelikeme.I’velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,whichIhopeyou’llfindencouragingifyou’redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold.Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback.IremembershowingmyparentsavideoofBeaJohnson,sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars,andhavesolittletrash!Afewdayslater,Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries,andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasformetocarryjarseverywhere.Itcameoffasabitdiscouraging.Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued,IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach.Ihadmyownbedroom,soIworkedonremovingthingsIdidn’tneed.SinceIhadmyowntoiletries(洗漱用品),Iwasabletostartpersonalisingmyroutinetobemoresustainable.Ialsoofferedtocookeverysooften,soIportionedoutabitofthecupboardformyownzerowastegroceries.Perhapsyourhouseholdwon’tentirelymaketheswitch,butyoumayhavesomecontroloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.Asyoumakeyourlifestylechanges,youmayfindyourselfwantingtospeakupforyourselfifotherscommentonwhatyou’redoing,whichcanturnitselfintoawholehouseholddebate.Ifyouhaveindividualswhoarenotonboard,yourwordsprobablywon’tdomuchandcanoftenleaveyoufeelingmorediscouraged.Sohereismyadvice:Leadbyaction.1.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"jumponthatbandwagon"meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Shareanapartmentwithyou.

B.Joinyouinwhatyou’redoing.C.Transformyourwayofliving.

D.Helpyoutomakethedecision.2.Whatwastheattitudeoftheauthor’sfathertowardbuyinggrocerieswithjars?A.Hedisapprovedofit.

B.Hewassympathetictoit.C.Hewastolerantofit.

D.Hedidn’tcareaboutit.3.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?A.Sheisquitegoodatcooking.

B.Sherespectsothers’privacy.C.Sheenjoysbeingahousewife.

D.Sheisadeterminedperson.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Howtogetonwellwithotherfamilymembers.B.Howtohaveone’sownpersonalspaceathome.C.Howtoliveazerowastelifestyleinahousehold.D.Howtocontrolthebudgetwhenbuyinggroceries.【解析】

作者在最開始嘗試"零浪費"生活方式時，家人并不理解她的做法，但她仍然堅持并建議讀者用行動引領(lǐng)生活方式的轉(zhuǎn)變。1.B理解詞匯根據(jù)畫線部分前的"Livewithroommates?""Havefriendsandfamilyaroundyou?"及"lookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle"提及的對更加可持續(xù)的生活方式的渴望，再根據(jù)下文描述的作者在生活方式的選擇上與家人不同時的經(jīng)歷可推斷，此處表示當(dāng)你想選擇更加可持續(xù)的生活方式時，不是身邊的所有人都會加入其中，故B項與畫線詞組的意思最為接近。2.A理解觀點、態(tài)度根據(jù)第三段中的"mydadcommentedon...jarseverywhere"可知，父親對作者在"零浪費"生活方式上做的嘗試并不贊同，故A項正確。3.D推斷根據(jù)第三段中的"howsillyitwas""abitdiscouraging"可知，作者在最開始嘗試可持續(xù)生活方式時并不順利，未獲得家人支持。根據(jù)第二段中的"Iexperiencedthis...zerowastelikeme"及下文內(nèi)容可知，作者仍然堅持自己的"零浪費"生活方式。由此可知，雖然在生活方式上的轉(zhuǎn)變未獲得家人的支持，但她依然堅持，可見她是一個意志堅定的人，故D項正確。【二次精讀】

核心單詞：radicaladj.全新的；徹底的；激進(jìn)的

核心短語：commenton作出評論portionsth.out把……分成若干份speakupfor明確表態(tài)；說好話，辯護(hù)onboard支持詞綴變形：sustainableadj.不破壞生態(tài)平衡的；可持續(xù)的→sustainv.維持，使保持personalisev.為個人特制→personalisedadj.個性化的難句分析：I’velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,whichI

hopeyou’llfindencouraging

非限制性定語從句ifyou’redoingyourbesttofigureout

(howyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold).

條件狀語從句

how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句譯文：然而，在這一過程中，我學(xué)到了一些東西。如果你正盡最大努力弄明白如何在一個并非總是支持你的家庭中做出改變的話，我希望你能從中得到鼓舞。4.C理解主旨要義(文章大意)文章第一、二段講述了在家庭生活中實行"零浪費"生活方式可能遭遇反對，第三、四段講述了作者自身如何通過行動在家庭中改變生活方式，第五段講述了當(dāng)你改變生活方式時，你可能遭遇的情況，第六段講述了作者給讀者的建議，再根據(jù)第二段尾句中的"howyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold"可知，文章主要內(nèi)容與如何在家庭生活中實現(xiàn)"零浪費"生活方式有關(guān)，故C項正確。Passage2話題：英國征收糖稅主題語境：人與社會詞數(shù)：約290

難度：★★★★☆具有探討性[2022全國乙卷·D]TheGovernment’ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity(肥胖).Itisbelievedthattoday’schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers(制造商)sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers’effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.Today’sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities(設(shè)施)andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.1.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.

B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C.Toprotectchildren’shealth.

D.Toencourageresearchineducation.2.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.

B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.C.Theycutdownontheirproduction. D.Theyreducedtheirproducts’sugarcontent.3.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.

B.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.

D.ClassicCoke.4.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.

B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.

D.Itupsetscustomers.【解析】

本文介紹了英國政府通過對部分軟飲料征收含糖稅來降低兒童肥胖率，并直接將稅收用于改進(jìn)學(xué)校體育設(shè)施和保證更健康的飲食。1.C理解具體信息根據(jù)第二段中的"FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity(肥胖)"可知，征收含糖稅是為了保護(hù)孩子的健康。2.D理解具體信息根據(jù)第四段中的"Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers(制造商)sotheycanavoidpayingthetax"可知，一些飲料制造商為避稅，降低了所生產(chǎn)飲料的含糖量。3.D理解具體信息根據(jù)第五段中的"However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola"以及"Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax"可知，果汁飲料、奶制品飲料、大部分含酒精飲料是免征含糖稅的，而可口可樂公司是一些高含糖量飲料的生產(chǎn)商，由此推斷出ClassicCoke是需要繳稅的。【二次精讀】

核心單詞：consumev.消耗；吃；喝initiallyadv.開始；最初核心短語：bringin賺得；掙applyto適用于；申請forfearof唯恐，以免詞綴變形：adoptionn.采用；領(lǐng)養(yǎng)→adoptv.正式通過，表決采納；采用；領(lǐng)養(yǎng)熟詞生義：content

常用義：n.內(nèi)容；目錄Shehadn’treadtheletterandsowasunaware

ofitscontents.她沒有看過那封信，所以對其內(nèi)容一無所知。文章義：n.含量；容量Don’tchoosefoodwithahighfatcontent.不要選擇脂肪含量高的食物。4.B推斷根據(jù)最后一段首句可以推測出含糖稅的征收是一個成功的案例。Passage3話題：天才主題語境：人與社會詞數(shù)：約295

難度：★★★★☆具有思辨性[2021全國甲卷·D]Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.Let’sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It’ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender(性別)are"really,reallysmart."Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare"really,reallysmart."Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn’ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.Here’sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we’reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors(因素)likegender,

race,

andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith"intelligence,creativity,perseverance(毅力),andsimplegoodfortune,

whoareabletochangetheworld."1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors’standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?A.They’reunfair.

B.They’reconservative.C.They’reobjective.

D.They’restrict.2.WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?A.Theythinkthemselvessmart. B.Theylookuptogreatthinkers.C.Theyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys. D.Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs.3.Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?A.Improvedglobalcommunication.

B.Lessdiscriminationagainstwomen.C.Acceptanceofvictors’concepts.

D.Changesinpeople’ssocialpositions.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GeniusesThinkAlike

B.GeniusTakesManyFormsC.GeniusandIntelligence

D.GeniusandLuck【解析】

本文首先講述了過去人們對于天才的認(rèn)定以及社會觀念對天才的影響，但是，隨著時代的發(fā)展、全球交流的加強，天才可以是各行各業(yè)任意一個能夠改變世界的人。1.A推斷根據(jù)第三段"Inthesciencesandarts...women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers"可知，歷史是由勝利者書寫的，被認(rèn)定為天才的大多是有歐洲血統(tǒng)的白人男性，而做出貢獻(xiàn)的女人或不同膚色的人則不被認(rèn)可，因此作者認(rèn)為這樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并不公平，故A項正確。conservativeadj."保守的"；objectiveadj."客觀的"。2.D推斷根據(jù)第四段中的"AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender(性別)are‘really,reallysmart.’Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief...smart’"可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)女孩受到社會觀念的影響，從六歲起就不怎么說其他女孩"非常非常聰明"，也會避免參加一些據(jù)說是"針對非常非常聰明的孩子"的活動，故D項正確。lookupto"仰慕"。3.A理解具體信息根據(jù)最后一段中的"Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we’reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear"可知,現(xiàn)代社會的全球通信使得越來越多的天才能夠為人所知，故A項正確。discriminationn."歧視"?！径尉x】

核心單詞：wiredadj.(與計算機系統(tǒng))聯(lián)網(wǎng)的；(設(shè)備、網(wǎng)絡(luò))有線的核心短語：bepraisedas被譽為

acton對……起作用；按照……行事詞綴變形：admissionn.承認(rèn)；入場費；進(jìn)入許可→admitv.承認(rèn)；準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入；可容納難句分析：AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender(性別)are"really,reallysmart."分析：本句是一個主從復(fù)合句。recentlypublishedbyScience為過去分詞作后置定語，修飾前面的名詞study;thatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosay..."really,reallysmart."為動詞found的賓語從句；thatmembersoftheirgender(性別)are"really,reallysmart."為動詞say的賓語從句。譯文：最近發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》上的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，比起男孩來，早在六歲，女孩就不太可能說其他女孩"非常非常聰明"。4.B理解主旨要義(標(biāo)題判斷)本文在第一段提出了數(shù)百年來人們一直關(guān)注的問題：什么是天才。接著作者講述了過去人們對天才的認(rèn)定以及社會觀念對天才的影響，最后作者講到隨著時代的發(fā)展、全球通信的加強，天才可以是各行各業(yè)任意一個能夠改變世界的人，故B項適合作本文的標(biāo)題。Passage4話題：影片ProjectWildThing

主題語境：人與社會詞數(shù)：約310

難度：★★★★☆[2021年6月浙江卷·B]Weliveinatownwiththreebeaches.Therearetwoparkslessthan10minutes’walkfromhomewhereneighbourhoodchildrengathertoplay.However,whatmychildrenwanttodoafterschoolispickupascreen—anyscreen—andstareatitforhours.Theyarenotalone.Today’schildrenspendanaverageoffourandahalfhoursadaylookingatscreens,splitbetweenwatchingtelevisionandusingtheInternet.Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwithplanstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay"chocolate"intohisthree-year-oldson’searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself"marketingdirectorforNature".Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProjectWildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetwork,agroupoforganisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature."Justfivemoreminutesoutdoorscanmakeadifference,"DavidBondsays."Thereisalotofreallyinterestingevidencewhichseemstobesuggestingthatifchildrenareinspireduptotheageofseven,thenbeingoutdoorswillbeahabitforlife."Hisownchildrenhavegotintothehabitofplayingoutsidenow:"Wejustsendthemoutintothegardenandtellthemnottocomebackinforawhile."Summerisuponus.Thereisanamazingworldoutthere,anditneedsourchildrenasmuchastheyneedit.Letusgetthemoutandletthemplay.1.Whatistheproblemwiththeauthor’schildren?A.Theyoftenannoytheneighbours. B.Theyaretiredofdoingtheirhomework.C.Theyhavenofriendstoplaywith. D.Theystayinfrontofscreensfortoolong.2.HowdidDavidBondadvocatehisidea?A.Bymakingadocumentaryfilm.

B.Byorganizingoutdooractivities.C.ByadvertisinginLondon