福建省福州市福清市高中聯(lián)合體2023-2024學年高二上學期期末聯(lián)考英語試題

20232024學年第一學期高二年期末質量檢測英語學科試卷（全卷共10頁，完卷時間120分鐘，滿分150分）第Ⅰ卷第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.WhenisMary’sbirthday?A.OnMonday.B.OnTuesday.C.OnWednesday.2.Howdidthewomangettoworktoday?A.Bytaxi.B.Bybike.C.Bybus.3.Whatdidthemandoduringhisholiday?A.Hewalkedalongthebeach.B.Heswamintheocean.C.Hewentfishing.4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Janice’sarminjury.B.Theirmessyhouse.C.Acaraccident.5.WhattypeoffilmisTheOutfit?A.edy.B.Sciencefiction.C.Crimefilm.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhoisCindy?A.Ateacher.B.Astudent.C.Anenvironmentalexpert.7.WhatdoesCindyworrymostaboutthefuturepublictransport?A.Theeffectontheenvironment.B.Thearrivalanddeparturetime.C.Thehighcostonit.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inapostoffice.B.Inasouvenirshop.C.Inaworkshop.9.Whatwillthemansendtohissister?A.Somevases.B.Somekeyrings.C.Someshellcrafts.10Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Paybycash.B.Fillinaform.C.Giveherabusinesscard.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.WhatisTomdoing?A.Makingaposter.B.Findingaparkingspace.C.Attendingademonstration.12.Whatisthepurposeofthedemonstration?A.Togetanewmarket.B.TotellpeoplewhatSpacePartyis.C.Topreventthegovernmentfrombuildingacarpark.13.WhatwillJanedo?A.WatchTV.B.Goshopping.C.Playvolleyball.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whywasthemanontheroofyesterday?A.Tocoolhimself.B.Torepairit.C.Toputsomethingonit.15.Howdoesthewomanexaminetheman?A.ByhavinganXray.B.Bytakinghistemperature.C.Bylookingathisthroatandear.16.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Domoreexercise.B.Getsomerest.C.Drinkmorewater.17.Howoftenshouldthemantakepills?A.Threetimesaday.B.Twiceaday.C.Onceaday.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whichroadwillstayclosedforoveranhour?A.M16.B.M43.C.M48.19.WhyisNorthStreetclosedtoallcars?A.Thesnowisthick.B.Itisunderrepair.C.There’sanaccident.20.Howcanpassengersgetthelatestinformationabouttrains?A.Bymakingacall.B.Byvisitingawebsite.C.Bylisteningtotheradio.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A，B，C，D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AMostpeopleagreethateatinghealthyfoodisimportant.Butsometimesmakinggoodfoodchoicescanbetough.Now,thereareappsthatcanhelppeoplelearnaboutthefoodtheyeattoimprovetheirdiets.OpenTableOpenTablehelpspeoplechooserestaurantswhentheywanttogoouttoeat.OpenTableisafreeservicethatshowsusersrestaurantavailabilitybasedonwhereandwhentheywanttodine.OpenTableuserscanalsomakereservationsdirectlythroughtheapporwebsite.EpicuriousEpicuriousisafreeappandwebsitetohelpusersfindrecipesandbeebettercooks.Theapphasmorethan30,000recipesandcancreateashoppinglistbasedontheingredients(原料)inarecipe.Theappratesrecipesforpopularityandotherqualitiesandinformusersaboutvegetablesinseasonindifferentareas.HappyCowTheHappyCowappismadefreelyforVegetarians.Userscansearchforvegetarianrestaurantsandstoresaroundtheworld.TheHappyCowappisbasedontheHappyCowwebsitewhereuserscandiscoverplacesnearbyorsearchusingkeywords.LocalEatsRestaurantchains,likeMcDonalds,canbefoundalmostanywhereapersonmighttravel.Butsometimestouristswanttoeatlikelocals.ThewebsiteandappLocalEatsisdesignedforthat,whichcanhelpyoufindlocalrestaurantsinmajorcitiesintheUSandinothercountries.1.Whichappcanhelppeoplebookatableforamealinadvance?A.OpenTable. B.LocalEats. C.Epicurious. D.HappyCow.2.WhomightbeinterestedintheappLocalEats?A.Appdesigners. B.Travelers. C.Vegetarians. D.Chefs.3.Thistextintroducestheseappstohelppeopleto________.A.savemoney B.bebettercooks C.eatbetter D.makegoodfood【答案】1.A2.B3.C【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。大多數(shù)人都想吃的健康，但是有時候選擇好食物很難，而本文就給讀者介紹了幾個幫助了解健康飲食的應用軟件。【1題詳解】細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)OpenTable中的OpenTableuserscanalsomakereservationsdirectlythroughtheapporwebsite.(OpenTable用戶也可以直接通過app或網(wǎng)站進行預訂)可知，這一軟件可以幫助人們提前預定飯菜。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)LocalEats中的Restaurantchains,likeMcDonalds,canbefoundalmostanywhereapersonmighttravel.Butsometimestouristswanttoeatlikelocals.(連鎖餐廳，就像麥當勞一樣，幾乎可以在任何一個人可能去的地方找到。但有時游客想像當?shù)厝艘粯映燥?可推斷，這一軟件適合旅游者們。故選B。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段thereareappsthatcanhelppeoplelearnaboutthefoodtheyeattoimprovetheirdiets.(有一些應用程序可以幫助人們了解他們吃的食物，以改善他們的飲食)可知，文章介紹這幾個軟件是為了提高人們的飲食，使飲食更健康。故選C。【點睛】推理判斷題的解題方法：推理判斷題不僅要求考生讀懂文章中的每個句子的意思還要推理它們之間的關系，結合自己的生活常識和經(jīng)驗，再通過邏輯推理和判斷，理解文章的言外之意，從而揭示文章的深層涵義。例如小題3，根據(jù)第一段thereareappsthatcanhelppeoplelearnaboutthefoodtheyeattoimprovetheirdiets.(有一些應用程序可以幫助人們了解他們吃的食物，以改善他們的飲食)可知，文章介紹這幾個軟件是為了提高人們的飲食，使飲食更健康。故選C。推理判斷題的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理時我們務必要忠于原文，在文章中尋找并確定可推論的依據(jù)，即：已知部分——推論的前提，從中推測出未知部分——推理的結論，切忌妄加評論，把自己的觀點當成作者的觀點。BAsakid,IwasalwaysaroundanimalsandIalwaysenjoyedit.Aftermysenioryearofhighschool,westartedrentingthisfarm.ThenIwentawaytoRhodeIslandSchoolofDesigntobeeanarchitect.Afterabouttwoyearsandahalf,IfoundthatwasnotquitewhatIwantedtodo.IfeltIwantedtobeanarchitectandhaveahobbyfarm.Butwhynotjusthaveafarmandmakeitmycareer?It’sanexcitingbusiness.Ithinkalotofpeopledon’trealizewhat’sinvolvedwithdairyfarming(奶牛業(yè)).WetooksometripstosomeprogressivefarmsoutinNewYorkwhenwefirststarted.Anditreallychangedmyattitudeofwhatyoucando.Youcanbeasuccessfulbusinesspersonwithalotofchallenges.Andthosechallengesarepartofwhatmakesitveryexciting—it’snotjustmilkingcows.There’snutritionandfinancesandalotofbigdaytodaydecisions.Well,landisthebiggestobstacle.Securingenoughlandisimportant.Wedon’tjustneedthelandfortheanimals;wealsoneedittodistributethemanurefromthecows.Andthere’sarealbalance,arealrecycling.Youtakethefeed;yougiveittothecows,andthecowsgiveyoumilk,buttheyalsogiveyoualotofmanure.Andthebestthingtodoisputtingitbackontheland.Youneed2acrespercowbasically,acowanditscalf.Thelandthatwerentisbeautifulandthelandthatweownisbeautiful.Ifyougethalfamileofftheroadandlookingbackatsceneryacrossthevalley,it’simpressive.Yougettherowsofgrassandthecowsinthedistance.4.Whichofthefollowingisincludedinthedairyfarmingaccordingtothetext?A.Designingforthedairyfarming.B.Playingwiththecowsaroundthefarm.C.Takingtripsaroundthefarmtoenjoylife.D.Milkingcows,nutrition,financesanddecisions.5.What’sthebiggestchallengethattheauthorfaced?A.Hugeamountsofmoney. B.Securingenoughland.C.Highlyqualifiedmilkcows. D.Quantitiesofworkers.6.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinParagraph3?A.Milkfromthecows. B.Chemicalfertilizers.C.Wasteofthecows. D.Foodofferedtocows.7.Whichoneisthebesttitleforthistext?A.BuildingaSuccessfulDairyBusinessB.FamousFarmersAroundtheWorldC.HighlyQualifiedMilkCowsD.TheArchitectureDesigner【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者從事奶牛農(nóng)場經(jīng)營的經(jīng)歷。作者喜歡動物，打算把經(jīng)營農(nóng)場作為自己的事業(yè)，文章也講述了他在奶牛農(nóng)場經(jīng)營中遇到的挑戰(zhàn)。【4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Andthosechallengesarepartofwhatmakesitveryexciting—it’snotjustmilkingcows.There’snutritionandfinancesandalotofbigdaytodaydecisions.(這些挑戰(zhàn)是令人興奮的部分原因——這不僅僅是擠奶。有營養(yǎng)和財務以及許多重大的日常決策)”可知，根據(jù)文章，奶牛養(yǎng)殖包括擠奶、營養(yǎng)、財務和日常決策。故選D。【5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Well,landisthebiggestobstacle.Securingenoughlandisimportant.(好吧，土地是最大的障礙。確保足夠的土地很重要)”可知，作者面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)是確保有足夠的土地，故選B?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞所在句子“Wedon’tjustneedthelandfortheanimals;wealsoneedittodistributethemanurefromthecows.(我們不僅需要為動物提供土地；我們還需要它來分配奶牛的manure)”和下文“Andthere’sarealbalance,arealrecycling.Youtakethefeed;yougiveittothecows,andthecowsgiveyoumilk,buttheyalsogiveyoualotofmanure.(這是真正的平衡，真正的回收。你接受飼料；你把它給奶牛，奶牛給你牛奶，但它們也給你很多manure)”以及常識可知，奶牛不僅產(chǎn)奶，而且還會產(chǎn)生大量糞便，糞便被回收，作為土地的營養(yǎng)，由此可推知，劃線單詞意為“糞便”，與C項“牛的糞便?！币馑家粯樱蔬xC?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段“It’sanexcitingbusiness.Ithinkalotofpeopledon’trealizewhat’sinvolvedwithdairyfarming(奶牛業(yè)).WetooksometripstosomeprogressivefarmsoutinNewYorkwhenwefirststarted.Anditreallychangedmyattitudeofwhatyoucando.Youcanbeasuccessfulbusinesspersonwithalotofchallenges.Andthosechallengesarepartofwhatmakesitveryexciting—it’snotjustmilkingcows.There’snutritionandfinancesandalotofbigdaytodaydecisions.(這是一項令人興奮的事業(yè)。我認為很多人不了解奶牛業(yè)涉及什么。剛開始時，我們?nèi)チ思~約的一些先進農(nóng)場。這確實改變了我對你能做什么的態(tài)度。你可以成為一名成功的商人，同時面臨很多挑戰(zhàn)。這些挑戰(zhàn)是令人興奮的部分原因——這不僅僅是擠奶，且關于營養(yǎng)和財務以及許多重大的日常決策)”可知，文章主要介紹了作者成功建立乳品企業(yè)的經(jīng)歷，A項“建立成功的乳制品企業(yè)”適合作文章標題，故選A。CWhenIwassmall,mymotherandIwouldwalktoourlocallibraryinFranklinSquare.Aswedidn’talwayshaveaccesstoareliablecar,walkinghandinhandwasthemostconvenientwaytogetanywhere.ItwasatstorytimeforchildrenthatbothmymotherandImadelastingfriendships.Today,IamfortunatetolivearoundthecornerfromtheGoldCoastPublicLibraryinGlenHeadandashortwalktotheSeaCliffChildren’sLibrary.My18montholdson,Colin,andIfindourselvesinSeaCliffseveraltimesaweek,meetingandmakingfriends.Well,thatiswhatmanypeopledon’tunderstand—alibraryismorethanbooks;it’samunity.Sure,thelibraryinFranklinSquarewastheplacewhereIwasintroducedtoJudyBlumenovels.ButitwasalsotheplacewhereIgotmyfirstemailaddressin1997.Atthelibrary,friendsandIlearnedhowtoresearchcollegesandsearchforscholarshipsontheInternet.Thelibrarywastheplacewherewesometimesgiggled(咯咯地笑)tooloudly,andwherethelibrariansknewusbyname.Theirknowingournameswasn’tabadthing.WhenIcamehomefrommyfirsttermatBinghamtonUniversity,MaryLaRosa,thelibrarianattheFranklinSquarelibraryofferedmemyfirstteachingjob.InowteachreadingatNassaumunityCollege.MystudentsareoftenamazedthattheycancheckoutbooksviatheirsmartphonesandvirtuallyvisitavarietyofLongIslandlibraries.TheappusedbyNassauandSuffolkcountypubliclibraries,aswellasthecollegelibrary,makestheirhomeworkeasierbyhelpingthemfindresources.Eventhoughtheycan’talwayseasilyvisittheirlocallibraries,thelibraryisalwayswiththem.8.Whydoestheauthorconsiderherselfluckytoday?A.Shehasbeehermother’sbestfriend.B.Shehasaccesstoareliablecarnow.C.Shecanmeetfriendsatthelibrary.D.Shelivesclosetolibraries.9.Whatdidtheauthordoatthelibraryaccordingtothepassage?A.Shetoldstoriestohermother. B.SheinitiallyreadJudyBlumenovels.C.Shegothercurrentteachingjob. D.Shelearnedhowtogoonline.10.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoherstudents’wayofvisitinglibraries?A.Cautious. B.Ambiguous. C.Favourable. D.Disapproving.11.Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?A.Toexpresshowlibrarieschange.B.Tointroduceherfavouritelibraries.C.Toexpressherdeepconcernforlibraries.D.Todiscusswhylibrariesareimportant.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了從作者小時候到成家生子再到工作教書這一路上圖書館的變化?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Today,IamfortunatetolivearoundthecornerfromtheGoldCoastPublicLibraryinGlenHeadandashortwalktotheSeaCliffChildren’sLibrary.(今天，我很幸運地住在格倫黑德黃金海岸公共圖書館的拐角處，步行不遠就能到達海崖兒童圖書館)”可知，作者認為自己很幸運是因為她住得離圖書館很近。故選D。【9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Sure,thelibraryinFranklinSquarewastheplacewhereIwasintroducedtoJudyBlumenovels.(當然，富蘭克林廣場的圖書館是我初次了解朱迪·布魯姆小說的地方)”可知，作者最初在圖書館讀到了朱迪·布魯姆的小說。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“MystudentsareoftenamazedthattheycancheckoutbooksviatheirsmartphonesandvirtuallyvisitavarietyofLongIslandlibraries.TheappusedbyNassauandSuffolkcountypubliclibraries,aswellasthecollegelibrary,makestheirhomeworkeasierbyhelpingthemfindresources.Eventhoughtheycan’talwayseasilyvisittheirlocallibraries,thelibraryisalwayswiththem.(我的學生們經(jīng)常感到驚訝的是，他們可以通過智能借書，還可以參觀長島的各種圖書館。拿騷縣和薩?？丝h公共圖書館以及大學圖書館使用的應用程序通過幫助他們查找資源，使他們的家庭作業(yè)更容易。盡管他們不能總是容易地參觀當?shù)氐膱D書館，但圖書館總是與他們同在)”可知，學生可以使用圖書館的應用程序查找資源，幫助做家庭作業(yè)，雖然學生不能總是容易地去當?shù)氐膱D書館，但可以通過訪問虛擬圖書館來獲取想要的資源。由此可推測出，作者對學生們訪問虛擬圖書館的方式是支持的。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。第一段講述了作者小時候和媽媽一起去圖書館，作者和母親在給兒童講故事的時候建立了持久的友誼；第二段講述了作者和兒子經(jīng)常去圖書館見朋友和交朋友，圖書館是一個社區(qū)；第三段講述了作者在圖書館里閱讀小說、注冊了電子郵箱、在網(wǎng)上查閱資料，這里是作者和朋友歡聚的地方，并且作者他們與那里的圖書館管理員建立了良好的關系；最后一段講述了作者在大學教書時學生們能夠非常便利地訪問虛擬圖書館。由此可推測出，本文主要講述了從作者小時候到成家生子再到工作教書這一路上圖書館的變化。故選A。DIt'snosecretthatinhaling(吸入)smokeisbadforyourlungs.Butnow,scientistsaresuggestingsmokemayalsocarryandspreadinfectiousdiseases.Thetheory,publishedinScienceMagazine,isbasedontheresearchthatfoundwildfiresmokeisfullofthousandsofspeciesofmicroorganisms(微生物).Someofthesemicroorganisms,includingbacteriaandfungalspores(真菌抱子).areknowntocausedisease.Thenewresearchsuggeststhatwhenawildfireburnsplantsoranimalmatteranddisturbssoils,itexposesthousandsofspeciesofbacteriaandfungithatotherwisemightnoteasilybeeairborne.Youmightthinkthehighheatfromfirewouldkilltheseorganisms,butonestudymentionedinthearticlefoundthatsomebacteriaevenmultiplyafterfires.Scientistssaytheorganismsstickwithsmokeparticulates(顆粒物),allowingthemtotravelthousandsofmilesacrosscontinents.Dr.PeterChen,directoroftheDivisionofPulmonaryandCriticalCareMedicineatCedarsSinaiMedicalCenterinLosAngeles,isinterestedinthetheorybutsomewhatskepticalthatthemicroorganismsinsmokewouldactuallycauseinfections.Manybacteriaandfungidon'tcauselunginfections,saysChen,butit'scertainlypossiblethatasignificantnumbercouldworsensymptomsinsomeonewithapreexistinglungcondition."Ialwaysthoughtitwastheparticulatesinsmokethatwerecausingtheseissues,"saysChen."ButwhenIreadthis,Istartedthinking,coulditbethemicroorganismsthatarealsoworseningexistingillnesses?"Whetherthemicroorganismsinsmokeactuallycauseinfectionsorsimplyworsenpotentialrespiratory(呼吸的)issues,thearticleraisesanewhealththreatthatis"certainlyalarming",saysKelseyJack,anassociateprofessorofenvironmentalanddevelopmenteconomics.Thisisespeciallytrueforlowerinepopulations,Jacksays,becausepeoplewithfewerprotectivemeansareoftenmoreexposedtotheenvironment.Ifsmokeisaffectingtheairqualityinacertainarea,thepeoplewhoworkoutside,orwhohavetogototheofficeonfootorbybikewillinhalemoresmokethanthosewhodrive.Butuntilmoreresearchisdone,Chensaysthebestthingpeoplecandoisjustfollowexistingremendationswhenairqualityispoorincludingstayingindoors,keepingwindowsanddoorsclosed,usingHEPAfiltersandrunningairconditioning.12.WhatcanweknowaboutthemicroorganismsfromParagraph2?A.Somecouldreproduceafterfires.B.Theycouldbekilledbyhighheat.C.Theycouldpossiblytravelthroughairbythemselves.D.Somecouldcopythesmokeparticulates.13.HowdomostmicroorganismsaffectpeopleaccordingtoDr.PeterChen?A.Theywillcauselunginfection. B.Theymightworsenlungdiseases.CTheywilldestroylivingenvironments. D.Theymightdamagerespiratorysystems.14.WhyarelowerinepeoplesufferingmorethanothersaccordingtoKelseyJack?A.Theyliveinpoorareas. B.Theydrivetoandfromwork·C.Theyhavesufferedfromlungdisease. D.Theyareexposedtopollutedairmorefrequently.15.WhatdoesChenadvisepeopletodointhelastparagraph?A.Towaitfortheresultsofmoreresearches.B.Toignoretheairqualityandtoworkoutoutdoors.C.Tofollowprevioussuggestionsondealingwithpoorairquality.D.Toavoidusingfiltersandairconditioning.【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文?？茖W家們認為煙霧也可能攜帶和傳播傳染病。發(fā)表在《科學》雜志上的這一理論基于一項研究，該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)野火煙霧中充滿了數(shù)千種微生物。其中一些微生物會引起疾病。【12題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Youmightthinkthehighheatfromfirewouldkilltheseorganisms,butonestudymentionedinthearticlefoundthatsomebacteriaevenmultiplyafterfires.”（你可能認為大火的高溫會殺死這些生物，但文章中提到的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些細菌在火災后甚至會繁殖。）可知，從第二段我們可以了解到有些微生物在火災后還能再生。故選A?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Manybacteriaandfungidon'tcauselunginfections,saysChen,butit'scertainlypossiblethatasignificantnumbercouldworsensymptomsinsomeonewithapreexistinglungcondition.”（陳教授說，許多細菌和真菌不會引起肺部感染，但有相當數(shù)量的細菌和真菌可能會使已有肺部疾病的人的癥狀惡化。）可知，陳彼得博士認為大多數(shù)微生物可能會加重肺部疾病。故選B?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Thisisespeciallytrueforlowerinepopulations,Jacksays,becausepeoplewithfewerprotectivemeansareoftenmoreexposedtotheenvironment.”（這對低收入人群來說尤其如此，杰克說，因為保護手段較少的人往往更容易暴露在環(huán)境中。）可知，煙霧會傳播疾病這件事對低收入的人群有更大的影響，是因為他們更多地直接接觸環(huán)境。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Butuntilmoreresearchisdone,Chensaysthebestthingpeoplecandoisjustfollowexistingremendationswhenairqualityispoorincludingstayingindoors,keepingwindowsanddoorsclosed,usingHEPAfiltersandrunningairconditioning.”（但在更多的研究完成之前，陳教授說，人們能做的最好的事情就是在空氣質量差的時候遵循現(xiàn)有的建議——包括待在室內(nèi)、關好門窗、使用高效空氣過濾器和開空調(diào)。）可知，Dr.Chen在最后一段建議人們遵循現(xiàn)有的避開惡劣空氣的建議。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。DingNinghaswonmanyawardsduringhertabletenniscareer,includinganOlympicgoldmedalinwomen’stabletennissingles.____16____ShehasstartedanewchapterasagraduatestudentattheDepartmentofPhysicalEducationatPekingUniversity.Usedtobeatabletennisspecialist,Dingnowwantstobeanallrounder.Tomakethathappen,Dingplanstobroadenherstudiesandtalktolikemindedpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.____17____Theworldchampionseemsalittlenervouswhenspeakingaboutherfutureacademiclifebecausesheconsidersitachallenge.“It’sasifyou’dgrownupstudyingandweresuddenlyaskedtoplaytabletennis.____18____evenifyoumayhavecourageandenthusiasmand/viceversa”,shesaid.Thissuddenchangeinherlifeandtheacpanyinguncertaintiesareonlypartofherchallenge—herreputation(名聲)isanother.____19____Itgetshermorehelpandsupportontheonehand,butattractsattentionandhigherexpectationsontheother.Sheisnotonetostepbackfromadversity(逆境)andhasoftensaidthatitisimportanttohaveabraveheart.Asshefacesnewchallengesonheracademicpath,shebelievestherearealwaysmoresolutionsthanproblems.Shehopesthatinthefuture,shecanteachteenagersabouthealthyexercise.____20____Shealsohopesthatherchoicetogobacktocollegewillinspireyoungerathletestoexploreotherpossibilitiesafterretirementandgetgreateropportunities.A.Todayshegivesupbothofthem.B.ForDing,fameisadoubleedgedsword.C.Beinganallrounderopensupnewhorizons.D.SheannouncedherretirementfromthegameonSep.6.E.Thatisnotonlythroughherexperience,butalsothroughtheory.F.Youstillcan’timaginewhatdifficultiesanathletemightexperience.G.Shehasalsochosentostudypsychologybesidestherequiredcourses.【答案】16.D17.G18.F19.B20.E【解析】【導語】本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了乒乓球運動員丁寧退役后成為北大的研究生。面對新的挑戰(zhàn)，丁寧不退縮，她希望未來能夠教青少年進行健康的運動，并激勵年輕的運動員退役后探索其他的可能，獲得更多的機會?！?6題詳解】上文“DingNinghaswonmanyawardsduringhertabletenniscareer,includinganOlympicgoldmedalinwomen’stabletennissingles.(丁寧在乒乓球生涯中獲得了許多獎項，其中包括奧運會女子乒乓球單打金牌。)”指出丁寧在乒乓球生涯中獲得了許多獎項，下文“ShehasstartedanewchapterasagraduatestudentattheDepartmentofPhysicalEducationatPekingUniversity.(作為北京大學體育系研究生，她開啟了新的篇章)”指出丁寧已經(jīng)開始了新的學習生活，這說明丁寧已經(jīng)退役，并開始了新的生活，D項“她于9月6日宣布退役”符合。故選D?！?7題詳解】上文“Tomakethathappen,Dingplanstobroadenherstudiesandtalktolikemindedpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds(為了實現(xiàn)這一目標，丁計劃擴大她的學習范圍，并與來自不同背景的志同道合的人交談)”指出丁寧為了成為多面手做了很多計劃，空處承接上文，繼續(xù)介紹丁寧為了成為多面手所做的一些計劃，G項“除了必修課外，她還選擇學習心理學”符合。故選G?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Theworldchampionseemsalittlenervouswhenspeakingaboutherfutureacademiclifebecausesheconsidersitachallenge.It’sasifyou’dgrownupstudyingandweresuddenlyaskedtoplaytabletennis.(這位世界冠軍在談到她未來的學術生活時似乎有點緊張，因為她認為這是一個挑戰(zhàn)?！斑@就好像你是在學習中長大的，突然被要求打乒乓球一樣?！?”和下文“evenifyoumayhavecourageandenthusiasmand/viceversa(即使您可能有勇氣和熱情，反之亦然)”可知，此處丁寧用反例說明一個運動員退役后學習可能會面臨很多困難，F(xiàn)項“你還是無法想象運動員會經(jīng)歷什么困難”符合。故選F?！?9題詳解】上文“Thissuddenchangeinherlifeandtheacpanyinguncertaintiesareonlypartofherchallenge—herreputation(名聲)isanother.(她生活中的突然變化和隨之而來的不確定性只是她面臨的挑戰(zhàn)的一部分——她的名聲是另一個挑戰(zhàn))”指出她的名聲給她帶來挑戰(zhàn)，根據(jù)下文“Itgetshermorehelpandsupportontheonehand,butattractsattentionandhigherexpectationsontheother.(一方面讓她得到更多的幫助和支持，另一方面也吸引了更多的關注和更高的期望)”可知，名聲有好處也有壞處，是一把雙刃劍，B項“對于丁來說，名氣是一把雙刃劍”符合，引起下文。故選B?！?0題詳解】上文“Shehopesthatinthefuture,shecanteachteenagersabouthealthyexercise.(她希望將來能向青少年傳授健康鍛煉知識)”指出丁寧希望未來能向青少年傳授健康鍛煉知識，空處承接上文，指出該如何向青少年傳授健康鍛煉知識，E項“這不僅是通過她的經(jīng)驗，而且通過理論”符合，That代指上文“teachteenagersabouthealthyexercise”。故選E。第三部分完形填空（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A，B，C，D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Iwasrecentlyinvolvedinabadtrafficaccident.IwasknockedunconsciousbytheimpactsoIdon’t___21___anythingabouttheaccident.Myfirstmemoryisbeinggivenoxygenasthedoctorsandnursestriedto___22___mebacktolife.AsIlayintheemergencyroomIfoundmyself___23___mylifeandthankingGodthatIwasstill___24___.Thegoodnewsisthatnobodyelsewas___25___.Sincethatday,thephysicalrecoveryhasbeen___26___butnotastoughastheemotionalrecovery.I'velearnedalotaboutmyselfandaboutwhatreally___27___inthisworld.Thingsthatarereallyimportantarenot“things”.I’mnotinvincible(無敵的)andIcannot___28___everythingthathappensinmylife.Ineedtobebetterat___29___thethingsthateintomywaythatIdidn’tplanfor.Assomeonewhowasalwaysina___30___，ittaughtmetoslowdownalittle.Ihavelearnedtoliveeachdayhonestlyand___31___.___32___Icontinuetohealphysicallyandemotionally，Ihaveadifferentopinionon___33___.Whentragedystrikes，youcaneitherletit___34___yourspirit，oruseitasanopportunitytogrow.Ihavechosento___35___fromit.21.A.receive B.remember C.mention D.care22.A.bring B.hit C.pay D.answer23.A.sacrificing B.predicting C.analyzing D.mourning24.A.wealthy B.alive C.optimistic D.healthy25.A.threatened B.informed C.ignored D.hurt26.A.difficult B.smooth C.quick D.stable27.A.works B.happens C.matters D.functions28.A.understand B.control C.identify D.oversee29.A.rejecting B.identifying C.improving D.accepting30.A.hurry B.dilemma C.routine D.mess31.A.fortably B.quietly C.fully D.busily32.A.As B.Before C.Unless D.Although33.A.love B.future C.work D.1ife34.A.1ift B.break C.protect D.show35.A.suffer B.escape C.discover D.learn【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.B25.D26.A27.C28.B29.D30.A31.C32.A33.D34.B35.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。主要講述了作者因為從一起嚴重車禍中幸存下來，于是作者開始分析自己的生活，并對生活有了新的認識。作者認識到自己并不能控制生活中發(fā)生的每一件事，所以需要更好地接受那些沒有計劃到的事情。作者從悲劇中學習?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我被撞得暈過去了，所以我不記得有關事故的任何事情。A.receive收到；B.remember記得；C.mention提及；D.care關心。根據(jù)后文“Myfirstmemoryisbeinggivenoxygen”可知作者不記得車禍時的事情了。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的第一個記憶是當醫(yī)生和護士們試圖把我救活的時候，給我吸氧。A.bring帶來；B.hit打擊；C.pay支付；D.answer回答。根據(jù)后文“mebacktolife”可知此處為短語bringsb.backtolife，指護士和醫(yī)生試圖救活作者。故選A。【23題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當我躺在急診室時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在分析自己的生活，感謝上帝我還活著。A.sacrificing犧牲；B.predicting預測；C.analyzing分析；D.mourning哀悼。根據(jù)后文“mylife”以及后文作者的感悟，可知作者躺在急診室里分析自己的生活，其他選項不符合語境。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當我躺在急診室時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在分析自己的生活，感謝上帝我還活著。A.wealthy富有的；B.alive活著的；C.optimistic樂觀的；D.healthy健康的。根據(jù)上文“thankingGodthatIwasstill”可知，作者還活著所以感謝上帝。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：好消息是沒有其他人受傷。A.threatened威脅；B.informed通知；C.ignored忽略；D.hurt受傷。根據(jù)上文“Thegoodnews”可推知事故中沒有其他人受傷。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：從那天起，身體的恢復就變得很困難，但不像情緒的恢復那么艱難。A.difficult困難的；B.smooth順利的；C.quick快速的；D.stable穩(wěn)定的。結合后文“butnotastoughastheemotionalrecovery”可知作者的身體恢復很困難。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我對自己有了很多了解，也了解了這個世界上什么才是真正重要的。A.works工作；B.happens發(fā)生；C.matters重要；D.functions運行。根據(jù)后文“Thingsthatarereallyimportant”可知此處指世界上什么才是真正重要的。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我不是不可戰(zhàn)勝的，我不能控制生活中發(fā)生的每一件事。A.understand理解；B.control控制；C.identify識別；D.oversee監(jiān)督。結合后文“thethingsthateintomywaythatIdidn’tplanfor”可知此處指作者不能控制生活中發(fā)生的每一件事。故選B。【29題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我需要更好地接受那些我沒有計劃到的事情。A.rejecting拒絕；B.identifying識別；C.improving改善；D.accepting接受。根據(jù)后文“thethingsthateintomywaythatIdidn’tplanfor”可知作者無法控制那些意外，因此只能接受這些事情。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一個總是匆匆忙忙的人，它教會了我放慢腳步。A.hurry匆忙；B.dilemma困境；C.routine常規(guī)；D.mess混亂。根據(jù)后文“ittaughtmetoslowdownalittle”可推知作者之前是一個總是匆匆忙忙的人。故選A。【31題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我學會了誠實而充實地過好每一天。A.fortably舒服地；B.quietly安靜地；C.fully充實地；D.busily忙碌地。結合上文“Ihavelearnedtoliveeachdayhonestlyand”可知作者從車禍中學到了要誠實而充實地過好每一天。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著我身體上和情感上的創(chuàng)傷不斷愈合，我對生活有了不同的看法。A.As隨著；B.Before在……之前；C.Unless除非；D.Although雖然。根據(jù)后文“Icontinuetohealphysicallyandemotionally”可知引導時間狀語從句，表示“隨著”應用as。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著我身體上和情感上的創(chuàng)傷不斷愈合，我對生活有了不同的看法。A.love愛；B.future未來；C.work工作；D.life生活。根據(jù)上文中“everythingthathappensinmylife”可知，指作者對了生活有了不同的看法。故選D。【34題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當悲劇來襲時，你要么讓它摧毀你的精神，要么把它當作一個成長的機會。A.lift舉起；B.break破壞，打破；C.protect保護；D.show展示。根據(jù)上文中“notastoughastheemotionalrecovery”以及后文“yourspirit”可知，此處指悲劇摧毀一個人的精神應用break。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我選擇了從中學習。A.suffer遭受；B.escape逃跑；C.discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.learn學習。根據(jù)上一段中“ittaughtmetoslowdownalittle.Ihavelearnedtoliveeachdayhonestlyand”可知作者從悲劇中學習。故選D。第Ⅱ卷第四部分英語知識運用第一節(jié)單詞拼寫（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）根據(jù)漢語提示或首字母提示寫出正確的單詞36.Thesetree________(根)cancausedamagetobuildings.（根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）【答案】roots【解析】【詳解】考查名詞。句意：這些樹根可以對建筑物造成損害。“根”為名詞root，作主語，由these可知，應用復數(shù)故填roots。37.Theartisthasd________allhislifetoart.（根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫）【答案】devoted##evoted【解析】【詳解】考查動詞。句意：這位藝術家把他的一生都獻給了藝術。根據(jù)句意和首字母可知，此處表示“致力于”為動詞devote，由句意和has可知，此處應用過去分詞形式與has構成現(xiàn)在完成時，故填devoted。38.ZhangHengwasoneofthebestknownChinese________(天文學家).（根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）【答案】astronomers【解析】【詳解】考查名詞。句意：張衡是中國最著名的天文學家之一。根據(jù)漢語提示，這里應用astronomer，為可數(shù)名詞。前面有oneof，所以這里應用名詞復數(shù)。故填astronomers。39.It’sasimpledishwhichc________mainlyofriceandvegetables.（根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫）【答案】consisits##onsists【解析】【詳解】考查動詞。句意：這是一道簡單的菜肴，主要由米飯和蔬菜組成。此處在which引導的定語從句中作謂語，由句意和首字母可知，此處表示“由……組成”，為動詞consist，which代指先行詞dish，為單數(shù)，且句子描述一般性事實，應用一般現(xiàn)在時，定語從句謂語動詞應用三單形式，故填consists。40.Hedescribed________(生動地)whathesawintheancien